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Current Issue
2022 Vol.39 Issue.6,
Published 2022-11-15
0
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (6): 0-0 [
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213
) [
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692
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1
Activation of peroxymonosulfate for bisphenol A degradation by nitrogen-doped hollow porous carbon materials
WANG Qing, ZHANG Fengbao, FAN Xiaobin, LI Yang
A rational design of economical, high-efficient and stable catalysts plays an important role in the degradation of water contaminants during advanced oxidations (AOPs). The N-doped hollow porous carbon materials (NHPC) are synthesized using an in-situ polymerization strategy, and then employed as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. Combined with kinetic analysis and various characterization methods, the effects of structural defects, sp
2
-hybridized carbon, oxygen functional groups and three typical N-bonding configurations (pyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphitic N) on the catalytic oxidation ability are investigated. A positive linear correlation between reaction rate constants and the content of graphitic N in NHPC reveals that the graphitic N are the main active sites for PMS activation. Meanwhile, the activity of catalyst can be recovered through heat treatment by regenerating graphite N, and the recovered catalyst exhibits more excellent activation performance than fresh catalyst. Furthermore, the free radical quenching experiments and electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the NHPC-800/PMS system decompose the BPA via O
2
·-
-mediated radical processes. This study deepens the understanding of the N-doped carbon catalysts for PMS activation mechanism, providing guidance for the practical application of them in environmental remediation.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (6): 1-13 [
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215
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15630KB] (
713
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14
Columnar liquid crystals based on Aza-BODIPY dye
GUO Pingping, WANG Houchen, ZHANG Yongjie, PAN Hongfei, REN Xiangkui, CHEN Zhijian
Aza-BODIPY dyes have been attracting tremendous attention in recent years due to their outstanding optical properties. The new Aza-BODIPY dye
1
with triazole amide hydrophobic alkyl chain was synthesized by "click" reaction. Its structure was characterized by
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR and MS. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarizing microscope (POM) and small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) studies confirmed the liquid crystalline (LC) properties of Aza-BODIPY dye
1
in condensed state. The broken-fan texture was observed under the polarizing microscope. Meanwhile, phase transitions of solid to LC phase as well as LC phase to isotropic phase were observed in the DSC traces. Further XRD results indicated that Aza-BODIPY dye
1
formed a hexagonal columnar LC phase (Col
hd
). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the columnar LC phase was reported for this class of functional dyes.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (6): 14-20 [
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218
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6211KB] (
661
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21
Preparation and properties of titanium dioxide nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning
YANG Jinxin, CHANG Wei, HUANG Lu, QIN Jie, LI Yunfeng, LIU Bin
Using microemulsion as the precursor, the porous structure of titanium dioxide nanofibers was prepared by uniaxial electrospinning. It was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption and desorption analysis, and its photocatalytic performance was studied with methylene blue and actual printing and dyeing wastewater as targets. The results show that the structure of nanofibers can be adjusted by changing the microemulsion composition. When the mixed oil phase (paraffin and
n
-hexane) is added to the microemulsion system, the prepared titanium dioxide presents a porous and mixed crystal structure and has excellent photocatalysis performance. The photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue solution (MB) is as high as 98%, and the photocatalytic degradation effect of actual printing and dyeing wastewater is significant. The preparation process of this method is simple, and it has important reference and application significance for the preparation and performance improvement of photocatalytic materials with special morphology.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 21-28 [
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225
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3515KB] (
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29
SMAO supported metallocene catalyst for slurry polymerization of ethylene
ZHANG Qian, GE Tengjie, JIANG Tao, LI Jian
In the field of olefin catalytic polymerization, metallocene catalysts show higher activity than traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysts. In this study, benzoic acid catalyzed the controlled hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum (TMA) to methylaluminoxane (MAO). The synthesized insoluble form of solid polymethylaluminoxane (sMAO) was used as a carrier to support the metallocene catalyst. The catalyst was employed for ethylene slurry polymerization and the role of reaction conditions on the catalytic behavior was systematically explored. The basic physical properties such as particle size, bulk density, molecular weight and distribution, melt flow rate of polyethylene were analyzed and characterized. The experimental results show that the prepared catalyst particles have good particle morphology and uniform particle distribution. The ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization activity may reach up to 15 302.6 g·g
-1
and a uniform medium- and high polyethylene density could be obtained when the slurry reaction is performed in a 5-litre reactor.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 29-35 [
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220
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36
Development of continuous tubular crystallizer
CHEN Kui, WANG Jingkang, FENG Yaoguang, HUANG Xin, WANG Ting, WANG Na, HAO Hongxun
Crystallization is indispensable in the most production of chemical industry. At present, batch crystallization is widely applied in most crystallization processes. However, it has some shortcomings such as inconsistent product quality and high cost. As another crystallization mode, continuous crystallization has gradually become a research priority. The continuous tubular crystallization process has been widely applied in industrial crystallization due to the advantages of narrow residence time and high efficiency. In this work, the development of continuous tubular crystallizer is introduced in detail, and the common problems and solutions of tubular crystallizer are summarized. In addition, the applications of assisted equipment and technology in the continuous tubular crystallizer are also discussed. Finally, the further development of tubular crystallizer is summarized.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 36-53 [
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239
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54
Influence of surfactants on the light transmittance and mechanism of polyvinyl alcohol based film
REN Baohua, DANG Leping, WEI Hongyuan
The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrophilic thin film was prepared by combining PVA with surfactants. The effects of surfactants content on microstructure, porosity, light transmittance, PVA crystallinity and crystallite size of PVA thin films were studied. The light transmittance of each film was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The cross section microstructure of polyvinyl alcohol/surfactants was observed by scanning electron microscope. The effect of the different surfactant contents on the crystal phase composition and PVA crystallite size of the composite film was researched by X-ray diffraction. The results show that when the amount of surfactant is between 6% to 10%(mass fraction), cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) obviously reduces the crystallinity of polyvinyl alcohol, but anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene (SDBS) sulfonate doesn't have this effect; the addition of CTAB increases the crystallite size of PVA in PVA/CTAB systems, while the addition of SDBS decreases the crystallite size of PVA in PVA/SDBS systems. Finally, the schematic diagram of the interaction mechanism between polyvinyl alcohol and surfactants is predicted.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 54-61 [
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216
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62
Study on the phase behaviors fatty acid-polyether amine-carbon dioxide complex solvent and its extracting ability
HAN Guiqiang, LI Min, LI Tian, MENG Xianghao, FENG Shubo
The CO
2
-triggered phase separation behaviors,switching performance and efficiency of extracting copper ions from aqueous solutions for fatty acid-polyetheramide-water complex solvents were investigated. A series of switchable solvents were constructed by pairing three types of hydrophobic low eutectic solvents DES,caprylic acid-decanoic acid,capric acid-lauric acid and decanoic acid-lauric acid with polyetheramine D230 aqueous solution. The CO
2
-triggered response performance of different fatty acids with different concentrations of polyetheramine D230 aqueous solution to form homogeneous solutions was investigated,respectively. It was found that the shuttling back and forth of the polarity of the complex solvents exhibited different phase behaviors for 10%,13% and 15% aqueous polyetheramine D230 solutions. With the aid of a fatty acid-polyetheramine-water complex solvent,an extraction mode was achieved for the homogeneous extraction of copper ions from aqueous solutions by fatty acid DES and afterward the heterogeneous separation from the aqueous phase. The experimental results showed that the combination of 10% polyetheramine D230 aqueous solution with fatty acids had good CO
2
-switching phase behaviour and the capric acid-lauric acid DES exhibited a best performance of extracting copper ions. The extraction ratio of copper ions reached 92.7%.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 62-68 [
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222
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903KB] (
515
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69
Structure and properties of rare earth strontium aluminate polypropylene luminous fiber
CUI Ning, QU Jin, QI Peiyao, XIE Jianhui, LIU Zongbao, HU Shaofeng, LI Ang, LIU Xiaofei
Rare earth strontium aluminate luminescent polymer composites are currently the most widely used luminescent materials. They can be used to prepare marine luminescent fibers and are expected to solve the problems of underwater operations in deep sea and dark conditions. In this study, rare earth strontium aluminate luminescent materials (SrAl
2
O
4
:Eu
2+
, Dy
3+
) were mixed with thermoplastic elastomer PP, and then blended by a screw extrusion spinning machine to prepare SrAl
2
O
4
:Eu
2+
with Dy
3+
content of 2%, 5%, 10% and 15% polypropylene luminous fiber. In this paper, the effects of different contents of rare earth strontium aluminate on the crystallization, fluorescence and mechanical properties of luminous fibers were studied. The results show that the addition of rare earth strontium aluminate does not destroy the crystal structure of PP, and plays a role in heterogeneous nucleation, and as its content increased, the role of heterogeneous nucleation become more and more obvious; when the content of rare earth strontium aluminate is 5%, the melting enthalpy and crystallinity are the largest; the higher the content of rare earth strontium aluminate, the better the light-absorbing energy storage effect and the greater the luminous intensity; the tensile breaking strength of luminous fiber gradually decreases with the increase of the content of rare earth strontium aluminate, the elongation at break has a maximum value when its content is 5%.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 69-74 [
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219
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2013KB] (
714
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75
Study on carrier gas humidification and evaporation technology for treatment of cutting waste liquid
SU Libo, XIE Lixin, XU Shichang, YANG Lingling
Using air as the carrier gas, the evaporation and concentration experiment of cutting waste liquid was carried out in the evaporation tower, and the influence of operating conditions on the evaporation process was explored. With the increase of carrier gas flow rate, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, evaporation capacity, and pressure drop all increase, and the VOC concentration of the outlet carrier gas decreases. With the increase of carrier gas temperature and circulation flow rate, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, evaporation capacity, pressure drop and the outlet carrier gas VOC concentration all increase. Under the present experimental conditions, the maximum volumetric mass transfer coefficient and evaporation are 13.95 g·(m
3
·s)
-1
and 3.39 kg·h
-1
, respectively. The maximum VOC concentration of the outlet carrier gas is 6.2 mg·L
-1
, which is less than the value specified in the
Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
. The results of researches show that the carrier gas humidification evaporation process can effectively concentrate the cutting waste liquid, laying a foundation for industrial application.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 75-82 [
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218
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83
Pt/C catalyst-aiding removal of the oxygen-containing functional groups on surfaces of porous carbons for supercapacitors
WEI Jianghai, YIN Likun, BI Ran, HAN Yu, YANG Ting, ZHANG Yanan, CHEN Mingming
Developing porous carbon electrode materials that can withstand voltages higher than 2.7 V is one of the important ways to achieve high energy densities in double electric layer capacitors (EDLCs). In this work, an ultra-fine carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) catalyst with a particle size of less than 10 nm was adopted to trigger hydrogen spillover, which enhanced the dissociation of highly active hydrogen atoms and thus more effectively removed the oxygen-containing groups from the surface of porous carbon. The oxygen content of the porous carbon surface can be reduced to less than 2% by using 5% Pt/C catalyst. It is found that the Pt/C catalyst maintains a better deoxygenation efficiency than that in the thermal reduction process after several repeated use. After the hydrogen spillover deoxygenation with Pt/C catalyst, the obtained porous carbon (PC-Pt5/C-600-1st) presented more ordered graphitic microcrystalline structure and excellent retention of pore structure. Benefitting from the above characteristics, the EDLCs with PC-Pt5/C-600-1st as electrode material presented a long-term cycling stability under a high voltage window of 3.3 V. The capacity retention rate of EDLCs is 88.4% after 8 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A·g
-1
. The reusable characteristic of Pt/C catalyst contributes to reduce the cost of the related production process.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 83-92 [
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93
Experimental study on degradation of methylene blue wastewater by sonochemical microreactor
CHENG Yang, WANG Dong, LIU Huiyang, LIU Peipei, SHI Sai, XIA Xiaolu, YU Jianfeng
To improve the degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) by Fe
2+
activated sodium persulfate (SPS), a sonochemical microreactor was designed. Firstly, the effects of pH of MB and FeSO
4
mixture, FeSO
4
concentration and SPS concentration on degradation rate of MB in static system, magnetic stirring system, capillary microreactor system and sonochemical microreactor system were studied. Secondly, the effects of channel structure and solution flow rate on the degradation rate of MB were studied in the capillary microreactor system and sonochemical microreactor system. The results show that the degradation rate of MB in the sonochemical microreactor system is higher than that in other systems under different pH of MB and FeSO
4
mixture and FeSO
4
concentration. The degradation rate of MB increased with the increase of SPS concentration, but the increase of SPS concentration would affect the degradation of MB in the sonochemical microreactor system. Compared with linear, triangular and semicircular channel structures, MB degrades more efficiently in rectangular channel structures. When the residence time of the solution in the pipeline is the same, increasing the solution flow rate of the injection pump is more beneficial to the oxidative degradation reaction. The experimental results show that when the concentration of MB was 0.2 mmol·L
-1
, the pH of MB and FeSO
4
mixture was 3, the concentration of FeSO
4
was 1.4 mmol·L
-1
, the concentration of SPS was 1.8 mmol·L
-1
, the channel structure was rectangular waveform, and the solution flow rate was 13.16 cm·s
-1
, the degradation rate of MB in sonochemical microreaction system reached 85.45%.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 93-100 [
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209
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2653KB] (
708
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Effect of micro-nano bubbles on humic acid fouling of ultrafiltration membrane
LI Xiangxiang, HAN Xu
In order to effectively solve the problems of membrane fouling and reduction of permeate flux caused by natural organic matter during the ultrafiltration (UF) process, micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) water treatment was introduced during the UF transport and backwashing process of humic acid (HA) solution to strengthen the UF process. The effects of MNBs on the permeate flux, rejection coefficient and the membrane defouling were studied. The results showed that the normalized flux of pure H
2
O and humic acid (HA) (5 mg·L
-1
) solution increased to 1.1—1.3 and the rejection coefficient of HA increased by 2.5%-22.0%. The normalized flux recovery increased by 21% and 25% after cleaning and backwashing in the presence of MNBs, respectively.
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2022 Vol. 39 (6): 101-108 [
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Prediction of corrosion rate of submarine oil and gas pipelines based on ASO-BP neural network
XIAO Rongge, WANG Dong, WANG Qinxue
With the development and construction of offshore oil and gas pipeline network, the amount of pipeline data collection has increased accordingly. Excellent prediction models can cope with a large amount of data and accurately predict the corrosion rate of pipelines, which is of great significance to ensure the safe and healthy operation of pipelines. The idea of atomic search optimization algorithm (ASO) is introduced into BP (Back propagation) neural network, and ASO-BP neural network is constructed to predict the corrosion rate of submarine oil and gas pipelines. Taking 50 sets of field data as an example, Matlab was used for simulation calculations, and representative BP, GA-BP, and ACO-BP models were constructed for comparison. The corrosion rate data of submarine oil and gas pipelines were trained and predicted. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the ASO-BP model is high, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the model is 3.16%, and the prediction results are better than those of BP, GA-BP and ACO-BP, its reliability and nice prediction performance are verified, which provides a new method and idea for the prediction of submarine pipeline corrosion rate.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (6): 109-116 [
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203
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706
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117
Analysis of flow field in 300 m
3
pre-ash tank of ammonia-alkali distillation system
WAN Li, YING Hu, XIAO Yanjun, JIN Yan, SONG Xingfu, LIU Chenglin
Ammonia distillation is necessary for producing soda ash by the ammonia-alkali way. In ammonia distillation, the stirring and mixing effect in the pre-ash tank significantly influences the efficiency of ammonia steaming. Therefore, the systematic study of the flow field distribution in the pre-ash barrel has specific practical significance for developing the soda ash industry. In this paper, the CFD method is used to calculate the fluid flow in the pre-ash bucket, and the flow field distribution in the pre-ash bucket with the commonly used chain-type agitator in the industry is analyzed. Moreover, the flow field distribution of the three propellers of pitched blade turbine, six-blade (45°) pitched-blade disc turbines, and six-blade disc turbines was analyzed. The results show that the mixing effect of the double-layer six-slanted-blade disc turboprop is the best. The research results provide reference for the selection and design of pre-ash tank mixing equipment in the ammonia-alkali process.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (6): 117-126 [
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256
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6041KB] (
819
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