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Current Issue
2011 Vol.28 Issue.6,
Published 2011-11-15
Article
Article
1
Preparation and Characterization of Low Pt Loading Counter Electrode for DSSCs
MA Huan-Mei, TIAN Jian-Hua, LIU Yi-Ping, DAN Zhong-Qiang
Pt/ITO electrodes used in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were prepared by thermal decomposition method. The processing parameters of thermal decomposition, such as the sinter conditions, different adhesives, usage of adhesive and so on, were investigated. The surface morphology of Pt/ITO counter electrode was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical performance was characterized through CV method. The results showed that with a suitable amount of CMC adhesive and a Pt loading of 0235 mg/cm2 after 5 times sintering, the electrode displayed nice catalytic activity to the redox reactions of I
-
/I
-
3
（I
2
）The measurement of the single DSSC demonstrated that with the low Pt loading Pt/ITO electrode as counter electrode, the conversion efficiency of the cell approached to that with Pt sheet as counter electrode.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 1-5 [
Abstract
] (
3424
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
841KB] (
3335
)
6
Synthesis of Isopropyl Chloroacetate with Composite Catalysts
GAO Xiao-Han, GAO Jun, ZHANG Hong-Feng, LIN Li
Isopropyl chloroacetate was synthesized from chloroacetic acid and isopropyl alcohol with Ce(SO
4
)2·4H
2
O/KHSO
4
as a composite catalyst. Effects of different cocatalysts and the ratio and amount of catalysts on the reaction were considered. The molar ratio of isopropyl alcohol to chloroacetic acid, the reaction time and the amount of catalysts were optimized, and the repeatability of the composite catalyst was checked. The experimental results show that better catalytic efficiency can be obtained by the composite catalyst of Ce(SO
4
)
2
·4H
2
O/KHSO
4
. The optimized synthesis conditions were determined. The molar ratio of isopropyl alcohol to chloroacetic acid is 1.35∶1,
m
(Ce(SO
4
)
2
·4H
2
O)/
m
(KHSO
4
) is 2, the amount of catalyst is 1.1% (molar percentage), the reaction time is 3 h, in which the yield is 92.1%.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 6-9 [
Abstract
] (
2317
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
288KB] (
2563
)
10
Synthsis of Biphenol A Phosphite
HU Ying-Xi, WANG Shu-Yan
Biphenol A phosphite was synthesized using phosphorus trichloride and bisphenol A as raw material. The effects of reaction solvent, dropping time and temperature of phosphorus trichloride，and molar ratio of the raw material on the reaction were studied. The experimental result showed that the optimum condition were: reaction solvent was diethyl ether, dropping time and temperature of phosphorus trichloride was 20 min and 25 ℃ respectively，and molar ratio of raw material was 3.00∶1.05. The product, under this condition, was a white solid with melting point of 64—67 ℃, the yield of the product was up to 93%. Elemental analysis and IR were used to characterize the structure of the product.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 10-12 [
Abstract
] (
1813
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
372KB] (
2865
)
13
Synthesize of Zwitterionic Polymers with Complex Initiation System
LI Chang-Hai
Zwitterionic copolymers （P(AM-DMAPS)）were synthesized by copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and DMAPS in aqueous solutions, and the copolymerization was initiated with complex initiation system composed of redox initiator and azo initiator. The structure of the copolymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of total monomer concentration, the amount of initiator, reaction temperature, and mole ratio of various components to initiator on intrinsic viscosity of copolymers were investigated. The optimal reaction condition are obtained: the total monomer concentration is 30%, the amount of initiator is 0.025%, reaction temperature is 20 ℃, mole ratio of redox initiator to azo initiator is 1∶3. Under these conditions, the intrinsic viscosity of copolymer is 20.2 mL/g.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 13-16 [
Abstract
] (
1649
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
282KB] (
3199
)
17
Synthesis of Silicone Elastomer
ZENG Xian-Shi, YAN Han, YANG Yan-Hui, CHEN Hong, XU Jing, KANG Xiao-Mei, ZHANG Zhi-Bin, ZHOU Xian-Li, CHEN Shi-Long
Hydroxylterminated polydimethylsiloxane (HPDMS) was synthesized through ring opening reaction of dimethyl siloxane (DMC) under the catalysis of anion. The silicone elastomer was synthesized by coupling reaction between HPDMS and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The effects of different ringopening reaction conditions on the viscosity of HPDMS and the vulcanization of HPDMS with different molecular weight were investigated. The results showed that the temperature of ringopening polymerization of DMC was above 80 ℃. The optimal conditions of the synthesis of HPDMS by anionic polymerization were: reaction temperature was 120 ℃, reaction time was 80 min, catalyst content was 0.03%(w/w). The vulcanization properties of HPDMS with different viscosityaverage molecular weight were quite different. Low molecular weight HPDMS had short vulcanization time and the film obtained was more flexible with more smooth surface and higher uniformity. However, it was more easily to be broken.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 17-21 [
Abstract
] (
2148
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
336KB] (
3955
)
22
Preparation of Catalyst for Synthesizing Pyridine Using THFA as the Starting Material
XU Zhe, ZHANG Wei-Hong, FENG Ya-Qing, MENG Shu-Xian
The synthesis of pyridine via the reaction of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol(THFA) with NH3 by using fixedbed reactor was studied. Single component catalyst such as Al
2
O
3
supported Co
3
O
4
、Cr
2
O
3
and MoO
3
were prepared and their catalytic performance for the synthesis of pyridine was investigated respectively. The study has shown that MoO
3
/Al
2
O
3
gave the best result. Next, the composite catalyst, in which MoO3 was used as the main catalyst and various amounts of Co
3
O
4
and Cr
2
O
3
were added as the minor components, were also screened. It was found that the best result was obtained for Cr
2
O
3
-MoO
3
/Al
2
O
3
whose structure was characterized. Then the process and the stability of the catalyst were investigated for the synthesis of pyridine. The best condition was determined. When the reaction was run at 500 ℃ under atmospheric pressure, the rate of flow of THFA was 0.15 mL/min and rate of flow of NH3 was 700 mL/min, the conversion of THFA and the yield of pyridine were 100% and 85.30%, respectively.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 22-26 [
Abstract
] (
2234
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
414KB] (
2645
)
27
Effect of Composite Fluxes on Crystal Structure, Morphology and Luminescent Properties of BaMgAl
10
O
17
:Eu
2+
Blue Phosphors
WANG Gui-Chao, LI Zhi-Guang, HE Chun-Lian, PENG Tao, FU Zhen-Yu
BaMgAl
10
O
17
:Eu
2+
（BAM）blue phosphors were synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. The influences of composite fluxes, such as H
3
BO
3
+BaF
2
, H
3
BO
3
+AlF
3
and BaF
2
+AlF
3
, on phase purity, particle morphology and luminescent properties of blue phosphors were investigated. The results indicated that samples fluxed by H
3
BO
3
+BaF
2
had better performance to form pure phase, particle size and particle shape and luminescence intensities than those fluxed by H
3
BO
3
+AlF
3
and BaF
2
+AlF
3
, the performance is close to that of commercial blue phosphor of a company.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 27-30 [
Abstract
] (
2083
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
745KB] (
2820
)
31
Adsorption Capability of 3-Tetradecyloxy-2-Hydroxy Propyltriethylammonium Chloride on Daqing Oil Sand
ZHANG Rong-Ming, QI Ying, LIU Li-Juan
People pay more and more attention to quaternary ammonium salt for its good performance. Quaternary ammonium salt has been widely applied in oil field, food and daily chemical field. Capability of static adsorption of TPAC on the surface of Daqing oil sand under formation temperature (45℃) was studied, and the influence of liquidsolid ratio, adsorption time and concentration were discussed. The results show that when the adsorption of TPAC is saturated on the surface of Daqing oil sand: ratio of liquid to solid is 20∶1, concentration is 1.84 mmol/L, adsorption time is 6 h. The absorption isotherms is Sshaped curve. When the concentration becomes 1.10 mmol/L, it can form saturated monolayer adsorption membrane; and when the concentration becomes 1.84 mmol/L, it can form saturated bilayer adsorption membrane with a saturated adsorption quantity of 13.21×10
-6
mol/g. The study of the adsorption capacity of quaternary ammonium salt will have a good base for its application in oil field.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 31-34 [
Abstract
] (
1763
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
302KB] (
2300
)
35
Optimizing Technology of MicrowaveExtracting Polygala Onjisaponin by Orthogonal Test Method
ZHAO Hua, LI Hui-Peng, LIAO Ke-Jian
In this paper, the orthogonal test was designed to find out the best experiment conditions of microwave assisted extracting the effective component from polygala and the extractions were further qualitatively tested. The optimal conditions were found to be ethanol concentration of 30%(V), solidliquid mass ratio of 1∶15, microwave time of 3.5 min and microwave power of 230 W. According to the molecular structure, the qualitative analysis of polygala onjisaponin were carried out by using chemical detection method and infrared spectroscopy.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 35-38 [
Abstract
] (
2468
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
243KB] (
2423
)
39
Degradation of Phenol in Water by Microwave Radiation and Hydrogen Peroxide
DAI Wei, DAI Zhu-Qing
Phenol degradation rate by microwave radiation/H
2
O
2
, and various factors affecting degradation efficiency were investigated. According to the result, the degradation rate is determined by initial concentration, pH, radiation time and temperature, etc. As the temperature of microwave or radiation time increases, there is a linear increase in degradation rate. Similarly, the amount of phenol degradation increases at a higher initial concentration. The degradation process corresponds with first order reaction, whose reaction rate constant is 0.013 84 min
-1
, activation energy is 10.56 kJ/mol.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 39-42 [
Abstract
] (
5075
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
350KB] (
2867
)
43
Kinetics Analysis of Batch Fermentation on
ε
-Polylysine Production by Streptomyces Albulus
ZHONG Cheng, LI Wen-Jie, JIA Shi-Ru, FAN Bao-Qing, WANG Guo-Liang, ZHENG Zhu-Lin
Kinetics analysis is one of the key points for fermentation process optimization and control. Using sigmoid model, batch fermentation of
ε
-polylysine by Streptomyces albulus was kinetically simulated to obtain kinetic equation including substrate consumption, biomass growth and production accumulation. Simulation results matched well with the experimental ones, which could provide theoretic foundations for batch and fedbatch fermentation of
ε
-polylysine production.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 43-46 [
Abstract
] (
1765
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
337KB] (
2728
)
47
Thermodynamic Analysis for Methanation of Synthesis Gas to Substitute Natural Gas
ZUO Yu-Bang, LIU Yong-Jian, LI Jiang-Tao, LI Chun-Qi, XIN Shi-He
Thermodynamical model of methanation of synthesis gas at isothermal condition and adiabatic condition were established based on thermodynamical analysis. CO methanation reaction, water shift reaction and CO disproportionation reaction were selected as the independent reactions, CO, CH
4
and H2O as the key components. Outlet gas composition, CO conversion rate and CH
4
selectivity can be calculated based on the model at isothermal condition. Outlet temperature, outlet gas composition, CO conversion rate and CH
4
selectivity can also be calculated based on the model at adiabatic condition. The outlet temperature, CO conversion rate and CH
4
selectivity were compared at different inlet temperature and pressure at adiabatic.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 47-53 [
Abstract
] (
2249
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
347KB] (
3194
)
54
Simulation of Methylal Production by Reactive Distillation with Side Reactors Fed with Methanol
HUANG Li-Li, BAI Peng, ZHAO Huan-Huan, ZHANG Jin-Wei
A novel reactive distillation process with side feed added to side reactors for methylal production was proposed, in which a certain proportion of feed methanol was added directly to side reactors. The process simulation and optimization of major operation parameters were carried out by using software Aspen Plus, distillation column was simulated by using the strictly computational model RADFRAC and reactors were simulated by using NRTL equation. The effect of feeding mode and the feeding rate of methanol were investigated. The simulation results show that the mass ratio of methylal and the conversion of formaldehyde can reach 0.977 and 99.4% respectively when methanol is added only to the side reactor closest to the top of the column and the feed rate of methanol is 1.25% of the total amount of fed methanol. Compared with the ordinary method, the purity of methylal increased by 1.2% and the conversion of formaldehyde increased by 1.3%. Also, the energy consumption of the condenser and the reboiler decreased by 2.2% and 3.1% respectively.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 54-58 [
Abstract
] (
4305
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
405KB] (
3549
)
59
Analysis and Treatment of Abnormal Operations on Methanol Recovery System of MTBE Plant
YIN Ke-Xin, WANG Hong-Xiao, WANG Jin-Ming
To solve the operational abnormals and sieve tray extraction column clogging problems in methanol recovery system of MTBE plant, the influence of process operations, the nature of raw materials and catalysts are discussed. The formation factor of acidic water in extraction system are discussed and the prevention method are proposed.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 59-62 [
Abstract
] (
1969
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
334KB] (
3629
)
63
Preparation of WalnutShell Activated Carbon and Its Application in Environmental Protection
YU Qiong-Fen, LI Ming, NING Ping, YI Hong-Hong, TANG Xiao-Long, CHEN Yu-Bao
The necessity of agricultural wastes (walnut shells) utilization was illustrated in this work. A number of preparation methods of activated carbon from walnut shell and their progress were carried out. The application of walnutshell activated carbon in environmental protection was reviewed detailed in two aspects, wastewater treatment and waste gas treatment. Moreover, some aspects of preparing walnutshell activated carbon and its application (wastewater treatment and waste gas treatment) should be emphasized. As for walnutshell activated carbon preparation, according to characteristic of selected adsorbate, selection of activating agent and heating method, and modification of walnut\|shell activated carbon should be enhanced. As for application of walnutshell activated carbon, it is necessary to use walnutshell activated carbon in wastewater treatment and waste gas treatment. These corresponding efficient application methods were given to realize utilization of walnut shells, prevent environmental pollution, and then obtain considerable environmental and economic benefits.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 63-67 [
Abstract
] (
4768
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
261KB] (
2992
)
68
Advances in Recent Research on Protection Against Diabetes Mellitus of Iridoids
YANG Chun-Hui, MA Li- , WEI Zhen-Ping
The treatment of diabetes mellitus was mainly by the oral administration of western medicine in present, it has rapid curative effect, but there are still many adverse reactions reported in clinic for it is easy to produce resistance to drugs. Extration the compounds from chinese herbal crude drugs as the primary composition was researched by many scholar in these days, to develop the new drug for controlling diabetes mellitus. Therefore, a large number of research reports occur in this area. Above all, iridoids such as catalpol, iridoside in Corni Officinalis(ICO) and aucubin have obvious glucoselowering effect, and they have definite treatment action on complications of diabetes mellitus. This paper reviewed the dominant mechanism and the treatment effect of iridoids for curing diabetes mellitus. Our review, to a certain extent, provide necessary theoretical foundation for the further research and development of medicines containing iridoids to cure diabetes mellitus.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 68-73 [
Abstract
] (
1740
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
259KB] (
3741
)
74
Advances on P Modified ZSM-5 Catalysts for Ethanol Dehydration
LI Meng-Meng, DONG Xiu-Qin, YU Ying-Zhe, ZHANG Min-Hua
With the world energy crisis and the high oil prices, researchers are taking more attention on the bioethanol to ethylene process (B.E.T.E). In recent years, the research has been concentrated on the catalyst of the ethanol dehydration. This review summarizes the latest research progress on P modified ZSM-5 catalyst used for the ethanol dehydration. First, it presents an introduction to the P source of modified ZSM-5 catalyst and the reaction mechanism of ethanol dehydration, including unmodified ZSM-5 and P modified ZSM-5 zeolite. Then, the research progress on catalytic effect and catalyst structure of P modified ZSM-5 zeolite are discussed in details, especially the catalyst structures. It is reported that P modified ZSM-5 catalyst could effectively reduce the reaction temperature, improve the hydrothermal stability of the catalyst and the ability to resistant coking, but at present it is still can't accurately describe the microstructure of P modified ZSM-5 zeolite. Finally, research directions are suggested to advance the future work in this field.
2011 Vol. 28 (6): 74-78 [
Abstract
] (
2680
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
468KB] (
3229
)
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