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Current Issue
2024 Vol.41 Issue.2,
Published 2024-03-15
0
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 0-0 [
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238
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1
Editorial: The 40th anniversary of
Chemical Industry and Engineering
MA Xinbin
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 1-1 [
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166
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599KB] (
708
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2
Cycloaddition of CO
2
with epoxides catalyzed by multi-site ionic liquid based hyper-crosslinked polymer
WANG Hao, YUE Chengguang, WANG Meiyan, MA Xinbin
Cycloaddition of CO
2
with epoxides to prepare cyclic carbonates is a green and economic pathway for CO
2
utilization. Given the problems of low activity and easy-leaching of active components of heterogeneous ionic liquid catalysts, a series of multi-site ionic liquid based hyper-crosslinked polymers were prepared. The synergism effect of various active site as well as composition and structure of the polymers on the catalytic performance of cycloaddition of CO
2
with epoxides were investigated. The as-prepared catalyst of ionic liquid hyper-crosslinked polymer HCP-[DmPhe]Br-DCX, which contains structures of quaterny ammonium cation-halogen anion pair, hydroxyl and tertiary amine, can achieve 94% yield of butenyl carbonate under 1.3 MPa at 130 ℃ for 8 h. The HCP-[DmPhe]Br-DCX also shows good stability because its catalytic activity was not decreased when being reused for 5 times. In addition, the porous structure and large specific surface area of the ionic liquid based hyper-crosslinked polymer promote the good dispersion of the ionic liquid, which makes the HCP-[DmPhe]Br-DCX has similar activity as ionic liquid monomer [DmPhe]Br. This work provides a strategy for the development and optimization of high efficiency catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO
2
with epoxide.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 2-11 [
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206
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4064KB] (
746
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12
Synthesis of 2D NiFe-N
x
-C materials for electrocatalytic CO
2
reduction
LI Jing, LI Yang, FAN Xiaobin, ZHANG Fengbao, ZHANG Guoliang, XIA Qing, PENG Wenchao
In order to reduce the energy barrier of CO
2
activation at Ni-N sites and solve the problem of CO poisoning at Fe-N sites, an ultra-thin two-dimensional carbon-based catalyst (ZNF-900) with NiFe-N
x
active sites was synthesized by limited solvent growth and pyrolysis methods. The ZNF-900 has ultra-high selectivity (FE
CO
>97%) and CO partial current density (
j
CO
=37.3 mA·cm
-2
) for electrocatalytic CO
2
reduction to CO. By XPS, Raman, EIS, Tafel slope and other analytic methods, it is proved that there is a synergistic promoting effect between Ni and Fe, which promotes the adsorption of CO
2
molecules and the desorption of CO products on the surface of catalysts.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 12-23 [
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219
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7515KB] (
712
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24
Progress in the synthesis of isoxazole herbicides
GUO Xuanyu, ZHANG Bao, FENG Yaqing
Isoxazole herbicides have attracted wide attention in recent years due to their high selectivity, high activity, long duration of efficacy and better ecological safety. However, the long synthetic route, low yield and thus high cost limit the scale application of this kind of agricultural chemicals. This paper reviews the progress in isoxazole type herbicides, focusing on the application scope and synthesis route of four new isoxazole herbicides, namely pyroxazolone, fenoxazolone, topramezone, methiozolin and ethyl bisoxazolate. The advantages and disadvantages of different synthetic strategies are compared to provide a guidance for the development of isoxazole type herbicides.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 24-34 [
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154
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3246KB] (
821
)
35
Intrinsic safety method for synthesis of aniline and toluene diamine
DING Xiaoshu, REN Xiaoliang, LIU Wei, GUO Liming, WANG Shufang, ZHAO Xinqiang, WANG Yanji
The current process of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and dinitrotoluene to produce aniline and toluene diamine have the drawbacks of safety hazards and low utilization rate of catalyst metal atoms. To deal with these problems, we suggest a reaction system with the intrinsic safety, environmentally friendly which reduces the amount of catalytic precious metals based on the atomic-scale features of supported metal catalysts and liquid-organic hydrogen carrier. This paper reports some catalysts and evaluates the catalytic performance of toluene diamine, such as the preparation method of stainless steel-based single-atom platinum metal catalyst and its application in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, a catalyst for the coupled liquid phase reaction of dinitrotoluene hydrogenation-isopropanol dehydrogenation with isopropanol as the hydrogen source to synthesize toluene diamine, active metal sintered membrane reactor and liquid-phase micro-continuous flow catalytic hydrogenation synthesis of aniline and toluene diamine, and preparation of nanotube (pit) array platinum catalyst on zirconium-based materials and synthesis of toluenediamine. It provides the basis for green and safe production of aniline and toluenediamine.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 35-46 [
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160
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2781KB] (
813
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47
Preparation of high flux rGO microspheres@PVDF nanofiber composite membranes and their oil-water separation properties
LAI Chenyu, WANG Rui, CHENG Sinan, FAN Hongwei, MENG Hong
In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrostatic spinning, and reduced graphene oxide microspheres (rGO) were loaded onto them by both the co-blending spinning method and vacuum filtration to obtain a high-throughput rGO microspheres@PVDF nanofiber composite oil-water separation membrane. The structure of the PVDF nanofiber membrane was optimized by adjusting the parameters of the electrostatic spinning process (e.g., push-injection rate, electric field strength, etc.) and spinning solution formulation, and different rGO microsphere loadings, loading modes, and binder contents were used to improve the surface roughness and hydrophobicity of the nanofiber membrane. The surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the fibrous membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle test, and the gravity-driven oil-water separation performance of the hybrid membranes with different formulations was tested by oil-water separation experiments with dichloromethane-water system. The results showed that the PVDF nanofiber membrane fabricated at a push rate of 1 mL·h
-1
at 15 kV when the PVDF content in the electrostatic spinning solution was 14%, and the casting solution containing 3 mg of rGO microspheres (3:1 mass ratio of rGO microspheres to PVDF, the active ingredient in the binder), 1% of PVDF was immobilized on the membrane surface with the help of a vacuum extraction device, and the water contact angle on the surface of the composite membrane was 130.9°, and the organic solvent transmission flux during its oil-water separation process could reach 5 641.3 L·h
-1
·m
-2
, and the retention rate of retained water was 99.28%.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 47-56 [
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322
) [
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7934KB] (
815
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57
Low-temperature preparation and performance study of
α
-Al
2
O
3
tight ultrafiltration membranes
SHI Weida, QIU Minghui, CHEN Xianfu, DA Xiaowei, FAN Yiqun
α
-Al
2
O
3
has become a classic material for the preparation of ceramic membranes due to its low-cost price and excellent performance. However,
α
-Al
2
O
3
requires high temperature to drive the phase transition, which will lead to the overgrowth of grains and aggregation of pores. In order to prepare
α
-Al
2
O
3
ultrafiltration membranes with high permeability and small pore size, by adjusting the preparation parameters of the polymeric sol route and the heating conditions of the calcination process, an alumina polymeric sol that can complete the
α
-phase transition at 950 ℃ was prepared. Subsequently,
α
-Al
2
O
3
ultrafiltration membranes with an ultra-thin separation layer and a defect-free
α
-Al
2
O
3
ultrafiltration membrane were prepared through the study of membrane preparation parameters. The membranes exhibited good separation and permeation performance with good reproducibility, with a molecular weight cut-off of about 75 kDa and a permeability of about 250 L·m
-2
·h
-1
·bar
-1
.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 57-64 [
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399
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4148KB] (
778
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65
Research progress on the new working fluid pairs of absorption refrigeration systems
BAO Yangzheng, LI Lilang, ZHONG Yongbin, LI Hongjiao, LIANG Bin
Absorption refrigeration system is a low-carbon/zero-carbon refrigeration technology, which could be powered by the low-grade heat resources (such as industrial waste heat, solar heat, etc.). Such technology can effectively improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the energy systems. The commercial absorption refrigerant systems are mainly based on the working fluid pairs of H
2
O-LiBr and NH
3
-H
2
O. The solution of H
2
O-LiBr has problems of strong corrosion, easy crystallization, unsatisfied refrigeration performance, etc. The NH
3
-H
2
O system is highly toxic, explosive, and hardly to be miniaturized for the refrigeration equipment. Research and development of new working fluid pairs of refrigerant-absorbent is essential for designing high performance absorption refrigeration systems that are more environmentally friendly. This paper summarized the new working fluid pairs that were explored in recent years and classified them to four types from the perspective of absorbents, i.e., refrigerants with ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents, organic solvents and other solvents, respectively. This work described the general theoretical and experimental methods to study the thermodynamic properties of the fluid pair solutions. Especially, the interaction between the absorbent-refrigerant was highlighted and its influence on the thermodynamic properties of the solution as well as coefficient of performance of the refrigerant systems were extensively discussed. Our summary discovered that the common problem for the new working fluid pairs was the unsatisfied performance of the absorption unit, which may demand the assistance of the compressor. For further modification of the working fluid pairs, strengthening the interaction between the absorbent-refrigerant by tuning the chemical structure of the absorbent and the composition of the pair is the key strategy. This review is expected to provide guidance for optimization and design of better absorption refrigerant systems.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 65-76 [
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227
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77
Characterization of cluster distribution in a high-density circulating fluidized bed based on a time-varying cluster identification threshold
SONG Dashan, LI Zhihui, SU Xin, WANG Chengxiu, LAN Xingying, GAO Jinsen
To investigate the characteristics of clusters within a high-density riser, measurements of the transient solids holdup were carried out at different solids circulation rates(
G
s
=100~1800 kg·m
-2
·s
-1
) in an 18 m high circulating fluidized bed riser. Clusters were identified by a time-varying threshold with cluster solids holdup, cluster duration time and cluster velocity. Results indicated that time-averaged solids holdup and cluster characteristics in the high-density circulating fluidized bed were significantly different from those in low-density circulating fluidized bed. At high density conditions, cluster solids holdup was higher up to 0.41. Cluster duration time was up to 5.5 ms. All clusters had a net upward movement with the velocity up to 1.83 m·s
-1
at
r/R
=0.949. Moreover, the axial and radial distribution of the cluster was even at high solids circulation rate with
G
s
up to 1800 kg·m
-2
·s
-1
.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 77-85 [
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158
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4447KB] (
587
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86
Application of Aspen Adsorption on the modelling of gas adsorption
ZHANG Yan, LI Hongjun, DONG Zhiming, YANG Li, CHENG Jingcai, YANG Chao
Aspen Adsorption is a kind of modelling software, which is usually used in the modelling of gas separation. With this model, the operation condition and design condition can be optimized, and material performance can be evaluated according to the modelling results. In this paper, the application of Aspen Adsorption and the model parameters and equations were introduced. The calculation of breakthrough curves with Aspen Adsorption and its applications were summarized. The modelling of PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) and TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption) with Cycle Organizer in Aspen Adsorption were also summarized. Moreover, the combination of Aspen Adsorption and other software used in some cases were also introduced. Finally, a prospect for the future of Aspen Adsorption was put forward.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 86-93 [
Abstract
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360
) [
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1KB] [
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1483KB] (
2024
)
94
Electro-enhanced SPSf membrane separation of pharmaceutical wastewater transfer mechanism: Molecular dynamics study
QI Zhibo, HE Gaohong, JIANG Xiaobin
Membrane separation technology for pharmaceutical wastewater production is of great significance for the realization of green chemical industry. In particular, the enhancement of membrane separation efficiency by electric field assisted to promote the migration of charged pharmaceutical molecules has excellent application prospects. However, there are no modeling studies at the molecular scale to reveal the separation mechanisms within the relevant membrane interfaces and membrane transport channels, which also restrict the development of relevant innovative membrane materials. In this paper, we investigate the mechanism of separation of cefuroxime sodium pharmaceutical wastewater by sulfonated polysulfone membrane (SPSf) assisted by electric field at the molecular level using molecular dynamics (MD), and simulate the behavior and dynamic properties of ion transfer by water content in the membrane. The energy and temperature fluctuations during the simulation are less than 10%, which proves that the model setting and calculation method are reliable. The constructed model glass transition temperature is close to the experimental value, which proves that the selected force field is suitable and the obtained data can be used for post-processing and result analysis. The results show that the applied electric field enhances the ability of the charged groups on the membrane surface to repel homogeneous ions. As the external electric field is enhanced to a certain extent, the dissociated charged membrane has a stronger ability to repel negatively charged particles (the intensity of cefuroxime ions on the membrane surface decreased by 15.7% after SPSf dissociation), and enhances the adsorption capacity for Na
+
(the intensity of Na
+
on the membrane surface increased by 19.4% after SPSf dissociation). It demonstrates that electrically enhanced Donnan effect and electrically enhanced adsorption/desorption are the main mechanisms of action of electrically assisted charged nanofiltration membranes for separation of pharmaceutical wastewater. In addition, the effects of electric field strength and water content in the membrane on the diffusion of ions in the SPSf membrane system were analyzed. In the range of simulation experiments in this paper, as the water content and electric field strength increase, the ion diffusion capacity within the charged membrane increases. At
λ
=2.0, 0.10 V·Å
-1
, the difference between Na
+
diffusion coefficient and cefuroxime ion diffusion coefficient is 1.54×10
-6
cm
2
·s
-1
. The highest ion selectivity was observed under these conditions. Based on the MD results, the mechanism of electrically enhanced membrane separation of pharmaceutical wastewater is illustrated, which provides a useful theoretical reference for the design and selection of charged membrane materials.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 94-104 [
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161
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5817KB] (
720
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105
Research progress of separator modification materials for lithium-sulfur batteries
JIA Ke, HUANG Zhenqiang, ZHANG Yanan, ZUO Rui, CHEN Mingming
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are energy storage devices with high theoretical energy density (2 600 Wh·kg
-1
). However, the development of LSBs is seriously limited by the sluggish reaction and lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttle. Nowadays, it is widely believed that the functional modification of the separator modification layer could significantly improve the electrochemical properties of LSBs. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the latest progress of LSBs separator modification materials in recent years, summarizes the mechanism of metal materials, frame materials, polymer materials and pre-lithiation materials and their LSBs operational energy storage performance. The ideal separator modification materials are discussed, aiming to provide a useful reference for the development of LSBs practical application materials in the future.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 105-119 [
Abstract
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153
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5865KB] (
916
)
120
On development of ammonia-hydrogen new energy industry in Qinghai province
ZHANG Baoshun, JI Wangyang, ZHU Jiewei, WANG Gang, ZHANG Bing, WANG Tihu, YU Yifu
The construction of national clean energy industry highland is a great historical mission and major development opportunity for Qinghai Province. It is also an important way and direct embodiment of Qinghai Province’s participation in the national dual-carbon journey, which is of great significance. The large-scale, low-cost and long-term storage and cross-regional efficient transportation of discontinuous clean energy are the main bottlenecks for the construction of national clean energy industry highland in Qinghai Province. In recent years, green ammonia (NH
3
) has been globally recognized as the best hydrogen storage carrier and the ideal zero-carbon fuel, and liquid green ammonia is defined as hydrogen energy 2.0 and the ultimate form of clean energy. The ammonia-hydrogen new energy industry model consisting of large-scale hydrogen production from discontinuous clean energy, large-scale ammonia synthesis from green hydrogen, long-term and large-scale storage of liquid ammonia, large-scale and cross-regional transportation of liquid ammonia, and comprehensive application of ammonia-hydrogen fuel is recognized as one of the most promising ways to break the bottlenecks of large-scale application of discontinuous clean energy. Herein, we first summarize the development status of clean energy industry in Qinghai Province, then introduce the ammonia-hydrogen new energy industry roadmap and industrialization progress in detail, and finally summarize and look to the opportunities and challenges faced by the development of ammonia-hydrogen new energy industry in Qinghai Province.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 120-130 [
Abstract
] (
176
) [
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1KB] [
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2231KB] (
853
)
131
Outlook on hydrogen economy and techno-economic assessment of water electrolysis-based hydrogen production
WU Xiaotong, TAN Lei, ZHENG Yueyuan, LIN Chao, XIAO Qi, LI Xiaopeng
Green hydrogen is recognized as the most promising clean energy carrier, playing a role in the storage and utilization of renewable clean energy. However, the diverse nature of green hydrogen production technologies presents certain challenges, such as resource dispersion and redundant construction within the "hydrogen economy" development. These challenges hinder the efficient progress of related industries. To address these issues, this review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis by systematically summarizing and comparing the advantages, disadvantages and techno-economic analysis of various technical pathways for hydrogen production from water electrolysis. Additionally, the current level of industrialization in this field has been assessed. The findings of this review serve as a valuable reference for understanding the technical trends and market-oriented strategies for electrolysis-based hydrogen production.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 131-140 [
Abstract
] (
235
) [
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1KB] [
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3480KB] (
774
)
141
Progress in separating and recovering water and organic solvents from photoresist waste stripping solution
YU Chenggang, LI Gangfeng, FU Ruide, GUO Yiliang, WU Hansong, CONG Haifeng, LI Xingang, QU Yajuan
The photoresist waste stripping liquid contains a lot of water and organic solvent, which contain a lot of components with recycling value. The recovery of water and organic solvent from photoresist waste stripping liquid can reduce the pollution to nature and realize resource utilization. In this paper, several common separation methods and devices for recovering water and organic solvent from photoresist waste stripping liquid at home and abroad are reviewed, and the results under different conditions are compared. It is hoped that it can provide reference for the recycling treatment of photoresist waste stripping liquid in China’s electronics industry.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 141-147 [
Abstract
] (
143
) [
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1KB] [
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2362KB] (
592
)
148
Research status and prospect of resource utilization of sludge acid from wet phosphoric acid
TU Zhongbing, HE Binbin, JIANG Wei, YANG Xiongjun, LIU Zhengdong, TAO Hui, ZHU Guihua, YANG Wenjuan, MEI Yi
With the decrease of phosphate rock grade in China, the amount of sludge acid from wet phosphoric acid production enterprises is increasing. Because the composition of sludge acid from wet phosphoric acid is complicated, it is difficult to use. How to realize high efficiency and value-added utilization of sludge acid is a major problem faced by phosphorus chemical enterprises in China. In this paper, the source and main properties of sludge acid from wet phosphoric acid are introduced. The preparation of phosphorus chemical products, fertilizer products and its application in other fields are described. The future research directions for the efficient utilization of sludge acid from wet phosphoric acid are also prospected.
2024 Vol. 41 (2): 148-154 [
Abstract
] (
216
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
1858KB] (
793
)
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