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Current Issue
2022 Vol.39 Issue.1,
Published 2022-01-15
0
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 0-0 [
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1
Progress of the key catalyst for solar photolysis of water to produce hydrogen and research on multi-field coupling
ZHANG Haojie, ZHANG Wen, JIANG Feng, QU Zhiguo
Solar photolysis of water to produce hydrogen can fundamentally solve the problems of energy demand and environmental pollution caused by carbon emissions, which is one of the hot topics in the world. The use of solar full-spectrum photocatalysis for hydrogen production is the main research method currently, but the catalytic efficiency is low and it is difficult to be applied in practice. The main factors leading to the low photocatalytic efficiency are small specific surface area, weak light absorption capacity, wide band gap width and weak carrier mobility. In this paper, the mechanism of photocatalysis and the optimization strategy of photocatalyst are summarized. Through the strategies such as sensitization material doping, element doping, hetero-structure construction, co-catalyst loading, high-conductivity graphene doping, etc., the visible light absorption of photocatalyst is improved effectively, the recombinations of photo-generated carriers are reduced, active sites are increased and surface reactions are accelerated. In addition, the multi-field coupling catalytic hydrogen production developed in recent years, such as photoelectric, photothermal and photothermalelectric catalysis, has been systematically introduced, and the future development of the theory and practice of solar hydrogen production catalysts have been prospected.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 1-10 [
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267
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11
Preparation and characterization of dual-antibiotic-loaded hydrophilic polyurethane foam
GAO Shangdong, CHEN Shangliang, LI Shuangyang, YE Zhanpeng, DENG Liandong, DONG Anjie
Chronic wounds caused by bacteria, foreign bodies, inflammation and other factors will have excessive wound exudate outflow, damaging the surrounding healthy skin, which is not conducive to wound healing. To solve the above problems, we prepared polyurethane foam containing hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs as a wound dressing for chronic wounds. The pore size of the foam was uniform and distributed between 200—400 μm observed by SEM. The loading drugs had a slight effect on the mechanical properties of polyurethane foam and had little effect on the liquid absorption rate and water retention rate. The hydrophilic drug could be released rapidly, and hydrophobic drug could be released continuously. The drug-loaded polyurethane foam showed excellent antibacterial activity against gram-negative
E. coli
and gram-positive
S. aureus.
Meanwhile, polyurethane foams had excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, the multifunctional polyurethane foams are suitable as a candidate material for chronic wound dressing.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 11-18 [
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233
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708
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19
Synthesis and properties of novel fluoroboron nanoparticle fluorescent probes
YIN Juanjuan, FENG Tong, XUE Zhongbo, FENG Yaqing, MENG Shuxian
In order to solve the problem of short absorption wavelength, poor water solubility and poor biocompatibility of Fluoroboron-fluorescent dyes (BODIPY) in tumor diagnosis, two BODIPY molecules with absorption wavelengths reaching the near-infrared region have been designed and synthesized, and they have been combined with DSPE-PEG2000-MAL-RGD (PC-RGD) to form nanoparticles with good water solubility and biocompatibility. Then the fluorescence imaging ability of nanoparticles was studied. The results showed that the fluorescence emission wavelengths of the mono-substituted molecule
3a
and the di-substituted molecule
3b
reached 650 and 775 nm, respectively. And di-substituted molecule
3b
shows greater Stokes shift than
3a
due to its higher degree of conjugation. Moreover, the encapsulated nanoparticles show good water solubility and biocompatibility, which provides a possibility as fluorescent probes for tumor diagnosis.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 19-26 [
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245
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27
Study on thermal hazard and quenching of O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxylamine
WANG Jianna, HAN Mengmeng, NING Yanxia, XU Mingqin, JIN Xiaohui
In order to study the thermal hazard and quenching of O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxyla-mine, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and adiabatic calorimeter (Phi-TEC) were used. DSC test results show that compared with testing atmosphere and heating rate, sample mass has a greater influence on the thermal risk of O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxylamine. When the mass of O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxylamine exceeds 1 mg, its DSC curve at the peak temperature is very sharp, which indicates an explosive exothermic reaction occurs. Under the DSC test conditions of 0.56 mg, 4 ℃·min
-1
and air atmosphere for O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxylamine, the onset temperature of decomposition reaction is 114 ℃, the peak temperature is 192 ℃, and the specific heat release is 2 105 J·g
-1
. Phi-TEC test results show that in addition to releasing a large amount of heat, a large amount of non-condensable gas was produced during the thermal decomposition of O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxylamine, which may lead to an overpressure explosion in a hermatic container. A preliminary study shows that at the initial exothermic stage of O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxylamine the decomposition reaction can be quenched by adding 1.5 times the mass of O-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-hydroxylamine of water. In order to obtain a practical quenching process, further detailed research is needed.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 27-32 [
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Effect of calcination temperature of alumina on performance of propane dehydrogenation catalysts
LI Boyuan, ZHU Shizhen, WANG Kang, WANG Xitao
In view of the adjustment of pore structure and surface acidity for propane dehydrogenation catalyst using alumina as support, the spherical alumina beads with large pores were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method with alginate as binder, and used as the support of catalysts loading Pt and Sn for propane dehydrogenation. The effects of calcination temperature of alumina on crystal phase, pore structure, surface acidity, H
2
reduction of catalysts and catalytic performance of propane dehydrogenation were investigated. The results show that with the increase of calcination temperature, the crystal phase of catalysts present
γ
→
δ
→
θ
→
α
; the specific surface area of the catalyst decreases gradually; the average pore size increases; both the strong acidity sites and weak acidity sites of the catalyst are declined; the activity of the catalyst first increases and then decreases. Catalysts with alumina support calcined at 700 ℃ has the relatively stronger ability to inhibit Sn reduction and exhibits the best propane conversion and propylene yield due to its suitable pore structure and surface acidity.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 33-39 [
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265
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40
Technical progress in the oxidation of 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene to 2, 3, 5-trimethylbenzoquinone
LI Bin, LI Peiyu, JIANG Shuang, ZHANG Tianyong
2, 3, 5-trimethylbenzoquinone (TMBQ) is a key intermediate for the synthesis of vitamin E. Using 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as a raw material to prepare TMBQ through one-step oxidation has high atomic economy and less three wastes. It is the next-generation key technology with the most application potential, which might significantly reduce production costs of vitamin E. For this technical route, the research progress in the synthesis of TMBQ from TMB by one-step catalytic oxidation in recent years was systematically reviewed. The effects of different catalytic systems on the selective oxidation of TMB were analyzed and summarized, the industrial application of direct oxidation technology of TMB to TMBQ was also prospected.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 40-50 [
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300
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51
Development and evaluation of high temperature resistant cross-linked acid fracturing fluid system
JIANG Qihui, YANG Xiangtong, GONG Fuzhong
In view of the problems of high cost, poor temperature resistance (less than 160 ℃) and incompletely broken of viscoelastic surfactant system(VES) and existing gelling acid, the thickener and organic zirconium crosslinking agent were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization at first. In this paper, the thickener was then cross-linked by an organic zirconium crosslinker in a 20% HCl solution, a high temperature resistant crosslinking acid base solution was obtained. Based on this, according to the performance requirements of fracturing fluid, a kind of cross-linked acid fracturing fluid resistant to 180 ℃ was developed by adding high-temperature corrosion inhibitor, drainage aid, iron ion stabilizer and clay stabilizer. The high temperature and high pressure remoter, fracturing fluid friction tester and surface interfacial tension tester were used to evaluate the performance of cross-linked acid fracturing fluid. The results show that the viscosity of the cross-linked acid fracturing fluid can be maintained as 73 mPa·s after shearing at 180 ℃ and 170 s
-1
for 120 min. When 0.15% ammonium persulfate was added to break the glue, the viscosity decreased to 3.2 mPa·s, showing a good temperature resistance and glue breaking performance.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 51-57 [
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58
Removal and control of scale-forming ions in the process of vacuum salt-making alkali purification
ZHENG Sanqiang, LUO Xingguo, LI Xingbin, WEI Chang, DENG Zhigan, LI Minting
By studying the behavior of scale-forming ions (Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
and CO
3
2-
) in the process of brine two-alkali purification, the basic rules of removal and control of scale-forming ions in brine purification was revealed. The effects of the amount of "NaOH-Na
2
CO
3
" two alkalis on the purification effect of calcium and magnesium ions in brine and the concentration of residual carbonate ions in refined brine were studied. The results show that by optimizing the dosage of two alkalis and adjusting the pH value of brine, calcium and magnesium ions can be removed, and the efficient utilization of carbonate ions can be realized. The content of residual carbonate ions in refined brine can be controlled, and the total amount of scale-forming ions in refined brine can be reduced. The optimal dosages of NaOH and Na
2
CO
3
were 0.25 g·L
-1
and 1.35 g·L
-1
, respectively. After purification, the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the refined brine was 12.80 mg·L
-1
, the concentration of residual carbonate ions was 151 mg·L
-1
, and the total amount of scale-forming ions was 163.80 mg·L
-1
. Compared with the original process, the concentration of residual carbonate ions in the refined brine was reduced by 32%, and the total amount of scale-forming ions was reduced by 30%. The formation of CaCO
3
scale in the vacuum salt production process was reduced. The production cycle of vacuum salt production was extended from 66 days to 85 days, and the long-term operation was realized. It was found that the main components of the sediment produced in the brine purification process were calcite calcium carbonate and a small amount of magnesium hydroxide.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 58-65 [
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Investigation on the oiling out crystallization of raspberry ketone
WEI Jian, ZHU Liang, SHA Zuoliang, WANG Yanfei, YANG Libin
Experimental results indicated that the oiling out phenomenon generally occurred during the cooling crystallization of raspberry ketone in the mixed solvent of n-propanol-water, and the occurrence of oiling out phenomenon will affect the quality of the final crystal product. In order to suppress the occurrence of oiling out phenomenon in the cooling crystallization process of raspberry ketone, a systematic investigation on this phenomenon had been carried out. Firstly, FBRM was used to determine the thermodynamic data of raspberry ketone in
n
-propanol-water mixed solvent. The oiling out curve, clarification curve, solubility curve and supersolubility curve were experimentally determined, and the oiling out metastable zone was established. Subsequently, the metastable phase diagram of oiling out crystallization was measured. Combined with the metastable phase diagram of oiling out crystallization of raspberry ketone, the key factors that have the influence on the oiling out behavior of raspberry ketone and the effective methods to inhibit the oiling out behavior were investigated. Experimental results have shown that the initial concentration of the solution, cooling rate and stirring rate are the crucial factors for the generation of oiling out during the cooling crystallization process of raspberry ketone. In addition, the effects of seed addition strategies on the inhibition of oiling out behavior of raspberry ketone were investigated, and the optimized crystallization process of raspberry ketone that can avoid the oiling out was established.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 66-74 [
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296
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Experimental study on the influencing factors of NO formation during biomass combustion
WANG Zhaowen, LIU Haize, QIU Kunzan, CEN Kefa, ZHOU Hao
Taking rice husk, wood chips, bagasse and straw of four kinds of typical biomass particles as the research objects, the effects of biomass type, temperature, O
2
concentration and atmosphere on NO production were studied in a self-designed cruciform tube furnace. The results showed that the amount of fuel-N was greater, NO emissions were also higher to be 0.984 8 mg·g
-1
while the conversion ratio of fuel-N to NO declined only by 7.18%. The total amount of NO release increased with increasing temperature but different biomass particles have different increasing proportion. Improving the oxygen volume fraction, the total amount of NO release also increased, the maximum value of which is more than 0.26%. In the O
2
/N
2
atmosphere, almost no CO was released because the whole reaction process was carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere due to the high concentration of oxygen. In O
2
/N
2
atmosphere, the total amount of NO release and the conversion ratio of fuel-N to NO were much higher than those in O
2
/CO
2
atmosphere.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 75-82 [
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235
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884
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Tow-component gelator loaded in melamine sponge for dyes adsorption
YAN Ruyu, ZHANG Baohao, JIA Jing, SONG Jian
Dye-containing industrial wastewater is constantly harmful to the ecosystem and human health. How to quickly and effectively remove dyes from water to purify the environment has become the focus of current research. A fast and efficient method was proposed to prepare the composite adsorbents by loading two component gelator on the surface of the melamine sponge for the first time. The adsorption material can selectively adsorbe cationic dyes, and adsorption of rhodamine 6G is as high as 711.75 mg·g
-1
. Because of the high porosity and specific surface area of melamine sponge, MS-AO6S can quickly complete the static adsorption process within 6 h, demonstrating the excellent adsorption performance. The composite can also be used for dynamic adsorption of dyes, which is of great significance for its further practical application.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 83-90 [
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231
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Pure hydrogen production from electrolysis of glucose catalyzed by potassium iodate
CUI Dayun, SU Wei, SUN Yan
Pure hydrogen produced from electrolysis of biomass catalyzed by polyoxometalates (POMs) is promising. KIO
3
is cheaper than POMs and has been utilized as a catalyst in the electrolysis of glucose to produce pure hydrogen. It is shown that the appropriate pretreatment temperature and pretreatment time are 80 ℃ and 4 h respectively. Using POMs as a catalyst, the solution was adjusted to pH 0.3 before pretreatment, and pH 3 after pretreatment. However, using KIO
3
as a catalyst, it is no need to adjust the pH of the solution. As a result, the process with KIO
3
as a catalyst is simpler than that with POMs. Under suitable pretreatment temperature and time, the electrolysis of glucose is stable. The amount of hydrogen is proportional to the time, and the applied potential keeps almost constant during the hydrogen production process.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 91-96 [
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264
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Flow and heat transfer characteristics of falling film outside titanium elliptical tube in LiBr refrigeration evaporator
PENG Deqi, PU Xingyu, YU Tianlan, LI Guang, WU Shuying
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of refrigeration evaporator in LiBr (lithium bromide) central air conditioning system, titanium tube is used instead of copper tube. In addition, an elliptical tube instead of a circular tube is proposed to improve the evaporation efficiency of refrigerant outside the titanium tube. Effect of elliptic coefficient E on flow process, film thickness distribution and heat transfer coefficient of refrigerant outside the titanium tube was studied by numerical simulation. The results show that in the
E
(elliptic coefficient) range of 1.0—1.7, the average thickness of the liquid film is thinner, the flow velocity of the liquid film is increased, the area of the dry wall is reduced, the heat transfer boundary layer is thinner and the heat transfer effect is improved significantly with the increase of
E
. Compared with circular tube, when
E
=1.7, the average thickness of the liquid film is reduced by 26.21%, the flow velocity of the liquid film is increased by 20.81%, the area of the dry wall is reduced by 86.00% and the average heat transfer coefficient outside tube is increased by 8.67%. However, in the
E
range of 1.8—2.0, the average thickness of the liquid film and the area of dry wall are increased. Therefore, too large elliptic coefficient is not conducive to heat transfer enhancement.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 97-105 [
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237
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653
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106
Analysis of operation performance of a swash plate plunger energy recovery device based on AMESim
XU Zitong, WANG Yue, SUN Zheng, ZHOU Jie, XU Shichang
In order to meet the needs of energy saving and consumption reduction in small- and medium-sized seawater desalination system, a new swash plate plunger type energy recovery device was designed and developed. Based on AMESim simulation software, the hydraulic simulation model of swash plate plunger type energy recovery device and the fluid calculation model of reverse osmosis desalination system are constructed, and the coupling operation performance of swash plate plunger type energy recovery device in desalination system is simulated. The research results show that under the condition of 6.0 MPa high pressure inlet pressure, 18 m
3
·h
-1
design capacity and 735 r·min
-1
swash plate speed, the maximum flow and pressure fluctuation rates of the increased and relieved fluids are 1.48% and 2.71%. The increased and relieved fluids show good flow stability during the operation of the unit. At range of 10—25 m
3
·h
-1
, with the increase of capacity, the maximum fluctuation rate of flow and pressure relief fluid increases to 1.54%, the maximum fluctuation rate of pressure increases to 2.83%, and the maximum fluctuation rate of flow and pressure only increases by about 0.1% compared with the designed capacity, which indicates that the device has good capacity flexibility and the comprehensive energy recovery efficiency is always above 97% throughout the variable capacity range. The swash plate plunger type energy recovery device provides a new choice for the efficient and reliable operation of small and medium-sized desalination systems due to its good flow operating flexibility and high energy recovery efficiency.
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2022 Vol. 39 (1): 106-115 [
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254
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116
Influence of atomizer structure parameters on SNCR denitration performance of CFB boiler
XU Shunsheng, PEI Fei
Reductant atomization quality has an important influence on SNCR denitrification efficiency of CFB (circulating fluidized bed) boiler of cyclone separator. In order to study the influence of air atomizing nozzle structure parameters on atomization quality and denitrification efficiency, the numerical simulation of the nozzle structural parameters of four single factor analysis was adopted, with the orthogonal numerical test of nozzle structure parameters carrying out. The four structural parameters of the nozzle are the length of the impactor, the diameter of the outlet, the length of the mixing chamber and the angle of the gas-liquid inlet. The results show that the main factor affecting the denitrification efficiency of cyclone separator is the diameter of nozzle outlet and the secondary factor is the length of impactor. The denitrification efficiency reaches the maximum when the impactor length is 6 mm, the outlet diameter is 2.5 mm, the mixing chamber length is 14 mm, and the gas-liquid angle is 60°. The denitrification efficiency of cyclone separator under the most optimal combination of nozzle structure is 77.5%, and the ammonia escape rate at the outlet is 5.78 mg·Nm
-3
.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (1): 116-126 [
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228
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1014
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