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Current Issue
2019 Vol.36 Issue.6,
Published 2019-11-15
0
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 0-0 [
Abstract
] (
3769
) [
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1KB] [
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375KB] (
1671
)
1
Research on Thermodynamic Properties and Model of Benzophenone
Fang Binbin, Hou Baohong, Huang Xin, Wang Jingkang, Bao Ying, Hao Hongxun
Solubility data of benzophenone in different proportions of methanol-acetonitrile mixtures was measured from 278.15~313.15 K by using a gravimetric method under atmospheric pressure. It was found that the solubility of benzophenone increased monotonically with increasing temperature when the solvent proportion was fixed. While, the cosolvency phenomenon could be observed. Furthermore, the experimental solubility data of benzophenone was fitted using the modified Apelblat equation and
λh
equation successfully. Finally, the mixing and dissolution thermodynamic properties of benzophenone were calculated and analyzed based on the NRTL model and the experimental solubility data. The solubility data and correlations obtained in this study provide a crucial theoretical basis for crystallization process design and optimize.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 1-8 [
Abstract
] (
6419
) [
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1KB] [
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1936KB] (
1444
)
9
Effect of Sr Introduced by Different Preparation Methods on LaCoO
3
Perovskite for NO
x
Storage-Reduction Reaction
Guo Lihong, Ding Quan, Tian Ye, Li Xingang
In order to improve the NO
x
removal efficiency of the LaCoO
3
perovskite, a series of Sr-introduced LaCoO
3
perovskites were prepared by three different methods of citrate acid complex method (CA), incipient impregnation method (IM) and mechanical blending method (MB). The corresponding samples were characterized by TEM, XRD and FT-IR techniques to carefully investigate the influence of different preparation methods on the structure and reactivity of the catalysts. The results show that Sr addition greatly increased the NO
x
removal efficiency of the catalysts. As for the LSC-CA sample, a portion of the introduced Sr entered into the perovskite lattice so that the amount of surface SrCO
3
was less than the nominal value. The SrCO
3
grains in the LSC-MB sample had bigger sizes than those in the LSC-CA and LSC-IM samples, resulting in slower NO
x
trapping and releasing rate. The LSC-IM sample had plenty of surface SrCO
3
with small grain size, which could easily trap NO
x
and cooperate with the oxidation-reduction center. Therefore, among the three samples, the LSC-IM sample achieved the highest NO
x
removal efficiency.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 9-16 [
Abstract
] (
5630
) [
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1KB] [
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9125KB] (
2189
)
17
A New Method for the Synthesis of 2, 3, 4-Trihydroxybenzophenone
Liu Lanxiang, Yi Guandong, Zhang Wenwen, Li Kun, Ji Haobo, Chen Chiqing, Liu Yiwen, Zhang Hong
The important industrial material 2,3,4-trihydroxydiphenyl (3HBP) was synthesized from pyrogallic acid and benzotrichloride, oxalate and phosphoric acid as the catalyst, methanol-water as mixed solvents in the nitrogen atmosphere. The results of single factor experiments show that the optimum process conditions for synthesis of 3HBP are:Pyrobitumen gallic acid is 6.3 g (0.05 mol), the methanol-water mixed solvents (volume ratio 2:8) is 50.0 mL, benzotrichloride (0.055 mol) is added slowly when the mixture solution is 40℃, and then the temperature of the mixture solution is kept at 65℃ until the pyrogallic acid disappear. The yield of 3HBP was 89.1% tested by column chromatography. The method was simple, environmentally friendly and had value potential of industrial application.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 17-22 [
Abstract
] (
5294
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
2137KB] (
1101
)
23
Effect of Additives Modified Pt/Al
2
O
3
Catalyst on the Performance for Steam Reforming of Glycerol to Hydrogen
Liu Sile, Wang Kai, Wu Jing
Al
2
O
3
was used as carrier to prepare four kinds of catalysts (Pt, Co, Cu, Ni)/Al
2
O
3
with different active components were prepared by equal volume partial impregnation method, the effect of prepared catalyst on the hydrogen production performance of glycerol by steam reforming was further studied. Then, by adding metal oxides to change the performance of the Pt/Al
2
O
3
catalyst, the activity, stability and carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst are improved, and the catalysts were characterized by TPR and BET. The experimental results show that the Pt-Li
2
O/Al
2
O
3
catalyst is suitable for the hydrogen reforming of glycerol and has good activity and carbon deposition resistance.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 23-29 [
Abstract
] (
6031
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
7339KB] (
958
)
30
Synthesis of Butylparaben Catalyzed by AlCl
3
/SBA-15
Liu Xinyun, Li Linlin, Fu Hai, Gong Wei, Chen Zhuo, Yin Xiaogang
Five kinds of SBA-15 supported Lewis acid catalysts were prepared with mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 as the supporter. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), N
2
adsorption-desorption curve and specific surface area test (BET). It was found that Lewis acid was successfully loaded onto SBA-15. The effects of catalyst containing different Lewis acids, catalyst loading, molar ratio of starting materials, reaction time and reaction temperature on the yields of the esterification reaction to prepare butylparaben were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions are identified as the following:the molar ratio of AlCl
3
/SBA-15 is 2:1, the molar ratio of alcohol to acid is 3:1, the molar ratio of AlCl
3
/SBA-15 to
p
-hydroxybenzoic acid is 2:1. Under these reaction conditions at 135℃ for 3 h, the yield of butylparaben was up to 96.8%.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 30-36 [
Abstract
] (
5758
) [
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1KB] [
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4654KB] (
896
)
37
Research on the Oligomeric Reaction of 1-Butene with SO
4
2-
-ZrO
2
/
γ
-Al
2
O
3
Catalyst
Ran Cong, Li Wenze, Ge Rongrong, Zeng Yan, Yin Haoxuan, Xiao Linjiu
SO
4
2-
-ZrO
2
/
γ
-Al
2
O
3
catalysts were prepared by impregnation method for the oligomerization of 1-butene. The effects of the loading of active components on the acidity of the catalysts and the properties of the catalysts for the oligomerization of 1-butene were investigated. SO
4
2-
loaded 2.10 mmol/g (
γ
-Al
2
O
3
), Zr-loaded 0.49 mmol/g, SO
4
2-
-ZrO
2
/
γ
-Al
2
O
3
catalyst calcined at 500℃, the conversion of 1-butene can reach 92%, the product is mainly dimer, the selectivity is 78.26%, and the trimer selectivity is 21.33%. The ratio of SO
4
2-
to Zr is 2-4, and 1-butene conversion rate is high. The pore surface area analyzer and NH
3
-TPD were used to characterize the catalysts. The results show that the interaction of SO
4
2-
, Zr and
γ
-Al
2
O
3
has certain influence on acidity, and has good catalytic activity and selectivity under the interaction of a certain amount of acid, a suitable amount of weak acid centers and stronger acid centers.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 37-41,71 [
Abstract
] (
5783
) [
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1KB] [
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4703KB] (
922
)
42
Electrochemical Preparation of Graphene and Application in Fields of Energy Storage
Yang Xiaoyong, Wei Luo, Xu Deping, Shen Wanci, Huang Zhenghong
Graphene has attracted extensive attention since it was discovered due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. How to achieve high quality, low cost and large scale preparation of graphene is one of the important directions of researches. Preparation of graphene by electrochemical method has advantages of simplicity, low-cost and environmental friendliness. It is expected to achieve mass production of high quality graphene. Graphene has great application prospects in energy storage field because of its good electrochemical properties. In this paper, the methods, principles and research progress of preparation of graphene by electrochemical method in recent years are introduced, and the applications of graphene in energy storage field are reviewed.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 42-54 [
Abstract
] (
4968
) [
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1KB] [
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9333KB] (
2681
)
55
Study on High Heat Flux and Heat Dissipation Induced by Plant Transpiration
Liu Jinping, Sun Mingze, Jiao Long, Hu Qi, Shi Ruizhi, Hung Qunwu
Based on the principle of plant transpiration, the heat dissipation of high heat flux was studied by capillary structure and phase change technology. The effects of material properties and thickness on heat dissipation were investigated with light emitting diode (LED) and different concentrations of ethanol. The experimental results show that cheap and easy-to-prepare felt material can reduce the temperature of LED to 80℃. The suitable thickness is 8~12 mm, and the heat dissipation effect is better if the volume fraction of ethanol solution is above 80%.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 55-59 [
Abstract
] (
5261
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
4375KB] (
958
)
60
Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Stability of Polypropylene-Based Graphene Modified Composites
Zhang Xinzhuang, Zhang Shuqin, Yan Peng, Pei Ting, Dou Qian, Dong Zhao, Wang Shanshan
Using
o
-dichlorobenzene (O-DCB) as solvent, ultrasonic pre-dispersed graphene nanosheets (GNS) were mixed into polypropylene (PP) matrix, and GNS/PP composites were prepared after plasticizing and hot-pressing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe micro-morphological changes of the samples, high resistance meter (HRM) was used to measure their resistance, and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to test their thermal stability in air. The results show that GNS is uniformly dispersed in PP matrix and interconnected to form a network structure. The conductivity of GNS/PP composites is significantly improved compared with that of PP. When the mass content of GNS is 1%~2%, the electrically conductive percolation of the composites is obvious, and the volume resistivity decreases by 6 orders of magnitude. When the air temperature is higher than 324℃, the weight loss of 1% GNS/PP composite is less than that of PP at the same temperature, and the temperature span of the whole weight loss stage is 40℃ higher than that of PP. However, the existence of GNS also causes the initial weight loss temperature of GNS/PP composites to be 30℃~40℃ lower than that of PP, and the final temperature which makes the material completely weightless appears, and the higher the mass content of GNS, the lower the final temperature is. The functional composites with excellent conductivity and a certain degree of thermal stability can be obtained by evenly blending low-cost GNS into PP.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 60-64 [
Abstract
] (
5292
) [
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1KB] [
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6546KB] (
1025
)
65
Simulation and Optimization of Multi-Nozzle Opposed Water Coke Slurry Gasifier at 1.5 MPa
He Shunde, Tang Lei, Zhao Feng, Zhang Haojian
As the strict reaction mechanism model has not been used in the prediction optimization process of water coke slurry concentration and oxygen-coke ratio, the prediction process parameters largely deviate from the plant data. This article first established the model of the multi-nozzle opposed water coke slurry gasifier at 1.5 MPa using UniSim Design Gasifier reactor and plant data was used to calibrate coke slurry gasifier. The relative error of calibration results is less than 2%, and the effects of oxygen-coke ratio and water coke slurry concentration on coal gasification process parameters are studied. The results show that the coke slurry concentration and oxygen-coke ratio are the key factors affecting the coke slurry gasification process and crude syngas composition. The oxygen-coke ratio control range of the coke coal mixture is 0.95~1.10 through gasification calibration model and optimization analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for the practical guidance of coke slurry gasification process production.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 65-71 [
Abstract
] (
5894
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
7795KB] (
1960
)
72
Research Progress of the Thermal Runaway Criteria in Online Warning Detection System
Zhang Heng, Hao Lin, Xu Wei, Shi Ning, Feng Junjie, Zhu Yunfeng, Wei Hongyuan
The thermal runaway reaction is the main cause of reactive hazards. The sensitive and reliable on-line early warning detection system is another line of defense against accidents that can predict reaction thermal runaway according to the state of reaction system in time and accurately. However, the bottleneck for an on-line detection system is the runaway criterion that distinguishes between dangerous and safe situations. This paper systematically summarized the thermal runaway criteria in on-line warning detection system and its applications in the chemical process, which includes limit check criteria, thermal balance criteria, model-based method, divergence criteria and neural network. Besides, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods were compared when they were used for judging the state of reactions, and the prospect of their application in thermal runaway of chemical reactions was presented.
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 72-79 [
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5077
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1KB] [
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2336KB] (
1687
)
80
2019 Vol. 36 (6): 80-87 [
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2578
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1552KB] (
3468
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