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2006 Vol.23 Issue.4,
Published 2006-07-15
Article
Article
283
Solid Holdup and Liquid Backmixing of Liquid-SRNA-4 Catalysts in Magnetically Stabilized Beds
LI Wei,ZHANG Xiao-chen,ZHANG Jin-li,LI Xiao-fang,LU Li-xiang
Solids holdup distribution and liquid backmixing coefficients are fundamental to the scale-up design and optimization of liquid-solid magnetically stabilized reactors.In this article,local solid holdup distribution and liquid backmixing coefficients were analyzed using the bed height-expanded method,the photoelectric method and the transient point source tracer pulse input technique for the liquid-solid magnetically stabilized bed taking the ferromagnetic amorphous alloy catalysts of SRNA-4 as the solid phase.The experimental results showed that the local solid holdup appeared a uniformly axial distribution and a "flat-steep curve" of radial distribution.The solid holdup increased at higher magnetic intensity as well as under larger particle sizes,but decreased at lower liquid viscosity and slower superficial liquid velocity.Axial liquid backmixing coefficients weakened at higher magnetic intensity and liquid viscosity,but enhanced at higher superficial liquid velocity and larger particle size.Based on the experimental data,the equation was established to estimate accurately the axial liquid backmixing Peclet number using physical properties and operating conditions in the magnetically stabilized bed.The experimental results showed they were in accordance with the prediction.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 283-286 [
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Isolation and Identification of a Phenol-Degrading Yeast with High Activity and Its Kinetic Study
YANG Su-liang~1,JIANG Yan~
Candida tropicalis was isolated from activated sludge.The strain could utilize phenol as a carbon and energy source.And its capacity of phenol biodegradation reached(2 000) mg/L.By the studies on cell growth and phenol biodegradation under the conditions of different temperature,pH and phenol concentration,the phenol-degrading conditions were optimized,and the kinetic model of cell growth was obtained.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 287-290 [
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1942
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291
Sparingly Soluble Gases Physical Absorption Enhanced by Presence of Dispersed Toluene Droplets in Water
HUO Xiao-peng,XU Chun-jian,ZHANG Dan,LIN Cheng,ZHOU Ming
In this work,the enhancement of gas-liquid mass transfer was studied under the normal pressure and at normal temperature with the presence of the dispersed liquid phase(toluene) by using the sparingly soluble gases(propane and hydrogen) physical absorption process.The mass transfer coefficient and mass transfer enhancement factor can be calculated by measuring the variation of gas(propane and hydrogen) pressure versus time.The result shows that the enhancement factor increases significantly with the presence of the dispersed phase in the condition of the mass transfer component possessing larger partition coefficient in continuous phase and dispersed phase or possessing larger relative diffusion coefficient with the dispersed phase dispersed with finely droplets.Enhancement factor increases with volumetric fraction of dispersed phase increasing,but the gradient becomes smaller;and the effects of enhancement decreases with a relative high mass transfer coefficient in pure water.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 291-296 [
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297
NiCoB Bimetal Amorphous Alloy Catalysts Prepared by MIEP Method and Their Catalytic Performance
YAN Hong~1,LI Wei~1,ZHANG Ming-hui~1,TAO Ke-yi~1,WANG Quan-yi~2,BIAN Jun-min~2
The unsupported and supported NiCoB bimetal amorphous alloy catalysts were prepared by metal inducing electroless plating(MIEP) method.XRD,ICP and TEM techniques were used to characterize their structure,composition and morphology.Hydrogenation of sulfolene was selected as the probe reaction to investigate their catalytic performance.The results showed that NiCoB bimetal catalysts had better catalytic activity and faster initial velocity of hydrogenation,compared to industrial Raney-Ni catalysts and NiB catalysts.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 297-300 [
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Solubilities of Nitrogen in Poly-Lactide Acid Determined by Quartz Crystal Microbalance
ZHU Zhao-you~1,GAO Jun~2,WANG Zhong-wei~2,XU Dong-mei~2
The solubilities of nitrogen in biodegradable poly-lactide acid(PLA) were determined by quartz crystal microbalance(QCM) under elevated pressures at different temperatures.The QCM consisted of two AT cut quartz crystals,of which one was working crystal,another one was used as a reference to account for the effects of pressure and gas viscosity on the crystals.The solubilities of nitrogen in polystyrene were measured to check the apparatus,and they showed well agreement with the reference data.Then the solubilities of nitrogen in poly-lactide acid were measured under elevated pressures at 295.82 K,305.25 K,314.83 K respectively,The results showed that the solubility of nitrogen in PLA increased with the increase of temperature and pressure,and had the same change as the other low critical temperature gases.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 301-304 [
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305
Synthesis of 3,3′,5,5′-Tetra-Tert Butylstilbene-4,4′-Quinone
XIA Dan,LI Xiang-gao,HOU Wei,WANG Shi-rong
In this paper,3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butylstilbene-4,4′-quinone is obtained from 2,6-ditertbutyl-p-methylphenol by the oxidation of potassium ferricyanide.The influences of the various conditions on the yield are studied. When the concentration of KOH is 5%(weight) and reaction time is 8 h,the highest yield of product is 40.34%.The composition and structure of product are determined by UV,IR,MS and elemental analysis.The HPLC purity is 99.79%.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 305-307 [
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308
Application of Additives in Spray Drying Absorption Flue Gas Desulfurization
HU Jin-bang,WANG Dao-bin,WANG Jin-gang,DUAN Zhen-ya
Using additive to improve desulfurization efficiency in spray drying absorption flue gas desulfurization(SDAFGD) has many merits,such as simple operation,low cost and obvious effect.In this paper,the influence of HOOC(CH_2)_4COOH,CaCl_2,MgCl_2,NaCl on SDAFGD had been studied.The mechanism of improving desulfurization efficiency had been analyzed.The result indicated that the SO_2 removal efficiency was improved and the expenditure was reduced when additives were added into Ca(OH)_2 slurry in SDAFGD.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 308-311 [
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312
Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer of Gradient Ringent Trapezoidal Valve Trays
HUANG Xi-bing,JIANG Bin,ZHANG Zhi-heng
The hydrodynamics of the new employed gradient ringent trapezoidal valve trays are experimentally studied with the air-water system in a 500 mm×500 mm quadrate column.The critical gas velocity through valve holes,press drop,entrainment and weeping have been measured.The plate efficiency of the gradient ringent trapezoidal valve trays based on the desorption of CO_2 has been determined using the air-water-CO_2 system.The experimental results show that the gradient ringent trapezoidal valve trays have excellent characteristics of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 312-316 [
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317
Preparation and Purification of IgY and Fab' Against Human Rotavirus
SUN Shu-qing,DUAN Chun-yan,HU Yan-tao,MENG Yan
Human Rotavirus(HRV) were used as antigen to immunize laying chickens and anti-HRV IgY was isolated from the yolk of eggs using two salting-out steps followed by one-gel filtration chromatography methods.The purity was over 95% by SDS-PAGE analysis.The purified IgY was digested with pepsin and the smaller antibody fragment Fab' was obtained.The purified Fab' was characterized by SDS-PAGE and MALDI MS methods,and its purity was over 99%.The results indicate that the methods designed in this paper for isolating hen antibodies(IgY and Fab') are simple and effective,the retained Fab' is over 70% of the initial activity of IgY determined by the ELISA method.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 317-319 [
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320
Preparation of 2,3,4,5-Tetrafluoro-Benzoic Acid
CAI Xing-wei,FENG Ya-qing,QI Xuan,ZHANG Chun-yan
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzoic acid was synthesized from tetrachlorophthalic anhydride via imidation,fluorination,hydrolysis and decarboxylation.The influences of phase transfer catalyst on imidation and fluorination,and the influences of surfactants on hydrolysis were studied respectively.Experiment results showed that imidation reaction time decreased when phase transfer catalysis method was used,and the imidation yield was 97.3%.The fluorination yield reached 81.2% when calixarene was chosen as phase transfer catalyst.In the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,hydrolysis reaction time decreased obviously and hydrolysis yield reached 91%.Compared with the literature method,the overall reaction time of the improved method decreased from 56 h to 11 h,and the total yield increased from 47.3% to 64.3%.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 320-322 [
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323
Preparation of 4-Amino-2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-Piperidine in Presence of Catalyst
LI Yang,XING Jun-de,WANG Lei,CHEN Li-gong
In the preparation of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine from 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone and ammonia,Raney-Co was used as catalyst instead of Raney-Ni and the by-production of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol was avoided.The ratio of cobalt to aluminium and the reaction parameters were investigated systematically.Under optimum conditions,the yield of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidine is up to 98% and the catalysts show good stability.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 323-326 [
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Improving Synthesis of Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer of Cyasorb UV-3346
SHU Xue-gui~1,DONG Chuan-ming~1,BAI Guo-yi~2,CHEN Li-gong~1
Hindered amine light stabilizer of Cyasorb UV-3346 was synthesized in total yield of 60% by three steps from cyanuric chloride,morpholine and N,N′-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1,6-hexanediamine as starting materials.The average molecular weight of Cyasorb UV-3346 is between(2 000) and (3 000),and the transparency is over 96% under the wavelength of 425 nm and 450 nm.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 327-330 [
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331
Matching of Low Temperature Flow Improver for Diesel Fuel
YANG Zhi-yong,ZHANG Jin-li,WANG Yi-ping
Alkyl amine amides and/or salts of ortho phthalic acid were prepared.Matched with pour point depressants of ethylene-vinylacetate(EVA) or ethylene-vinylacetate-propylene(EVAP) for diesel fuel,it could strengthen the effect of decreasing degree of the cold filter plugging point and improve the resistibility of wax delamination of diesel fuel with additives in low temperature.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 331-335 [
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Process for Preparing Cationic Wax Emulsion
CHEN Jian-bo~1,MENG Ju-guang~2,YE Jian-zhong~2
Span-60,Tween-60 and cationic emulsifier A were used as wax emulsifier.The factors on the quality of the wax emulsion such as the quantity of emulsifier,emulsifying temperature,emulsifying time and stirring speed were studied. The optimum emulsifying conditions of preparing cationic wax emulsion were determined by experiment.The result shows that stable cationic wax emulsion can be prepared when the quantity of emulsifier is 20% by wax,emulsifying temperature is 85 ℃—90 ℃,emulsifying time is 50 min and stirring speed is 300 r/min.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 336-338 [
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339
Optimizing the Factors in the Esternization of Starch Sodium Alkenyl Succinate
LI Hong-ming
In this paper esternization factors of starch sodium alkenyl succinate is optimized through crossing tests,the effect of pH value of reaction system on degree of substitution is maximal,the effect of reaction time on degree of substitution is minimal,experimental results show the best reaction conditions are reaction time of 12 h,temperature of 35 ℃,pH=8.5,concentration of starch ester 35%.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 339-341 [
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342
Synthesis of Pigment Dispersant for Polymer Waterborne System
ZHANG You-lan~1,HUANG Pei-jun~2,WANG Shi-rong~1
Copolymer of styrene and acrylic acid,polymeric dispersant for waterborne pigments systems,was synthesized.The structure of the obtained copolymer was determined by IR and NMR.The influence of reaction parameters,including molar ratio of styrene to acrylic acid,reaction temperature,quantity of chain transfer agent,on the dispersibility of the polymer was investigated.The polymer was prepared by reacting styrene with acrylic acid in molar ratio of 1—1.3∶1 in the presence of 4%—6% of chain transfer agent at 90.0 ℃—110.0 ℃.The special viscosities of the polymers with different molecular weights were detected.The polymer had preferable dispersibility when its special viscosity was 15—16.C.I.Pigment Yellow 3 was dispersed by the above dispersant and the similar Japanese product J-68 respectively.The results indicated that the dispersibility of the the prepared dispersant is superior to that of J-68.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 342-344 [
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345
Review of New Processes for Cyclohexane Oxidation
LI Jing~
Cyclohexane oxidation to produce cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone(the mixture is so called KA oil) is an important reaction in industry.Owing to its low conversion and selectivity,low efficiency,much research has been drawn on it.This paper reviews many developments in cyclohexane oxidation with pure/rich oxygen,biomimetic oxidation,Gif chemistry,multiphase catalytic oxidation,photo catalytic oxidation and oxidation in supercritical fluids etc,and proposes the green process will be the main development in fields of cyclohexane oxidation with pure/rich oxygen in recent years.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 345-350 [
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Progress in Flue Gas Desulfurization Technology
LI Xi~1,LI Jun~2
In this paper,some dominative processes and newly-found approaches of flue gas desulfurization were reviewed at home and abroad in recent years.Chemical reactions,characteristics and problems existed in these processes were analyzed in detail.In addition,technological and economical evaluations were performed to all kinds of processes,and some desulfurization strategies suitable for coal-fired power plants in China were proposed.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 351-354 [
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355
Theoretical Models for Kinetic Studies of Chromatography and Their Applications
CHENG Ming,LI Shuang,ZHANG Feng-bao,ZHANG Guo-liang
As foundation of chromatography separation,chromatography models are very helpful for describing mass transfer and adsorption in this progress.In this paper,theoretical models for kinetic study of chromatography in recent years is summarized and several kinds of models used commonly are described such as general rate model,lumped pore diffusion model,equilibrium-dispersive model and transport-dispersive model,and their characteristics and application range are discussed.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 355-360 [
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361
Progress in Novel Catalysts for Hydrogenation of 2-Ethylanthraquinone
ZHANG Ai-li,CHEN Xun
It is essential for the improvement of the industrial production capability of hydrogen peroxide to prepare higher active and selective catalyst for the hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone(EAQ),which is the most important step in the anthraquinone process.The most recent progress in the preparation of the higher active and selective catalyst with the different active metal,such as nickel,palladium and platinum were reviewed in detail.It is indicated that the research and development on the higher active and selective catalyst for EAQ hydrogenation should focus on the supported amorphous Ni-B catalysts and the supported polymer-Pd catalysts.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 361-364 [
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365
Residual State of Organochlorine Pesticides in Surficial Sediments of the Dagu Drainage River
LIU Jun~1,GAN Ai-hua~1,DING Hui~1,LI Xin-gang~1,WANG Jun~1,SHEN Wei-ran~2,SUN Yi-chao~2,SHAO Xiao-long~2
The residual amounts of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in the sediments of Dugu Drainage River were studied.A total of 7 surficial sediment sites were selected along the river.The frequency of detection of BHC and DDT in all sediment samples were up to 100%,which illustrated that the contamination of BHC and DDT was serious in Dugu Drainage River.Results indicated that the residue of organochlorine pesticides may mainly comes from the farmland,and there are not new pollution sources recently.For the contents of OCPs in surficial sediments of some rivers,the values in Dugu Drainage River were higher.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 365-369 [
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1256
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370
Pilot Study on the Advanced Treatment of Municipal Sewage by Microfiltration
HUANG Hai-lin~
In the study,the pilot scale device of microfiltration(MF) is employed to deeply treat the municipal sewage which has been treated through certain biochemical method with the aim to reuse it.The experimental results show that the value of COD_(Cr) is 23.3 mg/L,the total amount of Bacilli is 602 cfu/mL,and the product turbidity is 1.03 NTU.The quality of product water is stable and is higher than that of the standard recycled-water.The operation presure and membrane performances of MF are tested in the experiment and appropriate chemical cleaning modes are proposed.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 370-373 [
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374
Waste Gas Treatment Technology in Maleic Anhydride Process by n-Butane Oxidation
ZHANG Qing-hong
A large amount of waste gas containing un-reacted raw material,by-product carbonic oxide and volatile organic compounds is discharged in the course of maleic anhydride production,so it is crucial to treat the waste gas and change the harmful matter to harmless matter and release it according with the standard.To conform to the environment protection demand and recover its useful matter and energy.This paper has introduced several treating methods and their treating mechanism used in industry,analyzed the advantages,disadvantages of these methods.Being credible and energy saving,the waste incinerators have been used in maleic anhydride production successfully.
2006 Vol. 23 (4): 374-377 [
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