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Current Issue
2009 Vol.26 Issue.4,
Published 2009-07-15
Article
Article
283
Ion Diffusion in Three-Dimensional Film Electrodes for ECIS Process
YANG Yan-yan,HAO Xiao-gang,ZHANG Zhong-lin,MA Xu-li,LIU Shi-bin
Nickel hexacyanoferrate(NiHCF)thin films were synthesized on graphite core substrates by cathodically deposition,and then were assembled as multi-row graphite core(MGRC)film electrodes.The cyclic voltammetry(CV)of the MGRC film electrodes was determined in 1 mol·L-1 KNO_3 solution.The separation(ΔE_p)between the anodic and cathodic peak potentials in the CV curves of MRGC film electrodes with different thickness and spacing was investigated,and the change of CV curves at different scan rates was also measured.Experimental results show that,the excursion of the peak potential of CV curves is caused by ion diffusion in three-dimensional MRGC film electrodes;the ion diffusion resistance in electrode decreases with the increase of thickness of graphite matrix,this leads to the decrease of ΔE_p with the increase of spacing between graphite cores.With the increase of the scan rate,ΔE_p is also increased because of the inner diffusion in the film electrodes.Therefore,the separation degree between the anodic and cathodic peak potentials in the CV curves can be used to analyze the ion diffusion in three-dimensional film electrodes.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 283-287 [
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288
Influence of Surfactants on Dewatering of Rubber Accelerator M
TAN Wei1,ZHUO Yong1,YANG Xiao-gang1,ZHU Chao1,YANG Xiang-tao1,ZHOU Pu-zhen2
The rubber accelerator M contains a great deal of water after the acidifying process and the water content of the cake is still about 22% through solid-liquid separation.Thus the energy consumption in the next drying process is serious.Five kinds of surfactants,which belonged to the nonionic,cationic and anionic surfactants,were added to analyse the dewatering effect in this paper and the suitable surfactant was selected according to the dewatering effects.The results indicate that the cake can meet the quality requirements and its water content can be reduced greatly through adding the suitable surfactants.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 288-291 [
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Technology of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Neurotensin
WU Lei,REN Yun-xia,JING Wen-peng
Neurotensin(NT)is a kind of bioactive peptide which is composed of 13 amino acids.It has multi-functions,especially in pain relieving and blood hypertension.Thus it has broad applications as potential nerve medicines in the field of medicial area.NT was synthesized successfully from C-terminal to N-terminal according to the amino acids sequence with the raw material of Fmoc-amino acids and Wang resin as the vector.The influences of combination,deblock and cleavage reagents on the final result of synthesis were discussed.The optimized technology of NT synthesis was as follows:using DCM as the coupling solvent,TBTU/HOBT/DIEA as the coupling reagent,resin with TFA/H_2O/thioanisole/Phenol/EDT(Volune ratio of 82∶ 5∶5∶6∶2)as the cleavage condition,the reaction time 3 h.The yield of crude product was 61.8%,the purity of the product was 46%.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 292-297 [
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2009 Vol. 26 (4): 297-297 [
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298
Synthesis of Sodium Polyacrylate with Low Molecular Weight
XU Dong-mei,DING Ning,LI Kun-kun,GAO Jun
In this paper,low molecular weight of sodium polyacrylate was synthesized with(NH_4)_2S_2O_8-NaHSO_3 as initiator and NaHSO_3 as chain transfer agent.The influences,such as the concentrations of monomer,initiator and chain transfer agent,the temperature and time of polymerization,on the molecular weight of polymer were discussed.The results showed that low molecular weight of sodium polyacrylate(about 2000—3000)can be polymerized at 75 ℃ for 6.0 h,with the monomer concentration of 25%—30%,the initiator concentration of 0.40%—0.60%,the chain transfer agent concentration of 4%—5%.The conversion of the monomer is above 95%.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 298-302 [
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303
Catalytic Property of CuO-CeO_2 Catalyst for CO Selective Oxidation in H_2-Rich Streams
WU Gang-qiang 1,2,LANG Zhong-min1
Cordierite granule with higher surface has been obtained by boiled in oxalic acid.The effect of treatment time on the carrier loss,the mechanical intensity and the surface area was analyzed.CuO-CeO_2 was coated on the cordierite carrier by soaking.Gas chromatography was used to test the catalytic property of CuO-CeO_2/cord catalyst.Results showed when 15%(weight ratio)CuO-CeO_2 was coated on the cordierite,treated 2 h in oxalic acid,the CuO-CeO_2/cord catalyst exhibited a better catalytic activity and selectivity for CO selective oxidation in H_2-rich streams.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 303-307 [
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308
Synthesis of ETBE Catalyzed by Different Molecular Sieves
LI Jian,LIU Li-chao,YANG Li-na
Ethyl tertiary butyl ether(ETBE)was synthesized from ethanol and tert-butyl alcohol catalyzed by the Hβ zeolite,HY,HUSY,HZSM-5 and D-06 resin in a fixed-bed reactor.The comparison experiments were performed and the results showed the catalytic activity order of zeolite was:Hβ zeolite>HY>HUSY>HZSM-5,the catalytic activity of Hβ zeolite is nearly the same as that of resin.The stabilities of HY and Hβ were determined and showed that Hβ had better stability than HY,and Hβ can be used for 175 h.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 308-310 [
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Photocatalytic Properties of TiO_2 Thin Films Doped with Various Metal Ions
LUO Lei,LI Zhi-guang,LI Qiong,TU Fei-yue
Nanosized TiO_2 thin films doped respectively with Fe 3+,Cu 2+,Zn 2+,Ce 3+,La 3+ were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by XRD.The prepared film was used in the photocatalytic experiment of methylene blue.The experimental results showed that the film doped with La 3+ was the best of the five doping ions.When the content of La 3+ doped was 1.8%(mass ratio),no much difference was observed in XRD between La 3+ doped TiO_2 and non-doped TiO_2.The particle diameter of TiO_2 decreased by the doping of La 3+ and the crystal was restrained to become rutile structure.The particle of TiO_2 increased with the increase of calcination temperture.The particle diameter was 27.6 nm at 700 ℃ and the crystal was mixed crystal with highest catalytic activity.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 311-315 [
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316
Catalytic Conversion of Petroleum Acid
ZHANG Tong-wang,HOU Shuan-di
With the increase of the output of the domestic and foreign highly sour crude oil year by year,it is important to process highly sour crude oil.Removing acid compounds from crude oil is regarded as one of the most important processes in heavy oil upgrading.The effects of reaction temperature,space velocity and catalyst type on deacidification were investigated.The rate of deacidification increases with the increase of temperature and the decrease of space velocity.Compared with different catalysts,the rate of deacidification of Mg soaked catalyst was higher than other catalysts.This showed that Mg has important influence on the deacidification process.Comparing the rate of deacidification of different acid,the length of carbon chain has important influence on deacidification.The diffusion resistance increases with increasing carbon chain.This made long carbon chain acid difficult to touch more active center,so the rate of deacidification decreases with the increase of carbon chain.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 316-320 [
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Preparation and Characterization of Ni/CB Hydrogen Evolution Electrode
ZHANG Lin-sen1,WANG Li-zhen1,LI Zhen-ya2,WANG Wei2
The porous Ni/CB hydrogen evolution membrane electrodes were prepared by film methods.Morphologies and catalytic properties of Ni/CB hydrogen evolution eletrodes were measured and characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and cathodic polarization curves.The factors of preparation of Ni/CB hydrogen evolution electrodes were studied.The results showed that PTFE content,acetylene black and current collector mesh had the mainly effect on the performance of porous Ni/CB membrane electrodes for hydrogen evolution.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 321-325 [
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Purification of the Mixture of Polyamines
LI Yan-xun,LIU Guo-ji,WANG Ying,LUO Ting-liang
The separation and purification process of the mixture of polyamines,an industrial residue produced in the process of second separation of the product in the process of the catalytic hydrogenation of adiponitrile,was studied.The vacuum distillation combined with the cooling crystallization was chosen according to the physical and chemical properties of each component in the mixture of polyamines,the optimized process was determined.Under this condition,the content of 1,4-butanediamine,1,2-diaminocyclohexane,1,6-hexanediamine was 0.75,0.91,0.91 with yield of 87.1%,90% and 80%,respectively.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 326-330 [
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1913
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331
CFD Simulation on Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Synthesis of Prunolide
XU Chang,XU Song-lin,GUO Kai,LIN Tao
The dynamics characteristics,especially the heat transfer performance of the reagent in the prunolide synthesis process,have great influence on the synthetic efficiency,so it is necessary to study on it to guide the practical manufacture.In this paper,the temperature field distribution of the fluid in the reactor was simulated by the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)software FLUENT 6.2.The 2-dimension physical model of the reactor was built,and the simulation results of the two k-ε turbulence models called Standard model and Realizable model were brought into comparison.As a result,although the former had some advantages in the astringency,the latter got a higher veracity in the simulation of the temperature field in the incurvate wall.On the other hand,the results of the simulation were compared with the experimental counterparts,and showed that the simulation was relatively exact in the district near the wall,but had some differences in the center.In addition,some modifications were made on the physical model so as to achieve a better simulation result.The result of the research showed that,the temperature distribution in the reactor can be simulated effectively by the CFD method.This provided a useful method for the further research work.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 331-337 [
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338
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Liquid Methanol
YU Lian-meng1,TANG Yao1,LIU Juan-hong1,LIU Jin-chao 1,2
The microstructures and self-diffusion coefficients of the liquid methanol with density of 0.78 g/cm3 at 298 K,550 K,950 K were performed by molecular dynamics method.Results showed that the peaks' positions of radial distribution functions shifted left with the increase of temperature,the first peak value decreased and the peak-to-peak raised.The diffusion coefficients increased linearly with the increase of temperature.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 338-341 [
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Study on the Selection of Solvent and Extraction Conditions for Extractive Distillation Process
QIN Hai-yang,HUANG Xue-li,LI Yong-xia
Based on UNIFAC model by the group contribution method,corresponding calculation program was compiled by means of MATLAB software for selecting solvent,researching the performance of solvent and investigating conditions for extractive distillation.Through the calculation of the relative volatility under different solvents and conditions for some azeotropic systems,optimum solvents have been chosen,and the influences of temperature and ratio of solvent on relative volatility were discussed.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 342-346 [
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347
Effect of Amount of Initiator on properties of C_5 Petroleum Resin
CONG Yu-feng,YU Hong-bo,LIAO Ke-jian,SUN Feng-jiao,ZHANG Ling
C_5 petroleum resin was modified with malefic anhydride as the modifier and DCP as the initiator.The effect of the amount of initiator on the softening point,appearance and state was analyzed.The results showed the suitable ratio of m(maleic acid)/m(C_5 petroleum resin)was 0.09 and m(initiator)/m(C_5 petroleum resin)was 0.10.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 347-349 [
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350
Pyrolysis Process and Kinetics Analysis of Corn Stalk and Wheat Straw
FU Ai-qing1,CHEN Lun-jian2,YANG Jie1,ZHU Zhen-zhong1
The pyrolysis process of corn stalk and wheat straw was studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis at four different heating rates(20 ℃/min,40 ℃/min,60 ℃/min,80 ℃/min)under N_2.Experimental results showed that the pyrolysis process of corn stalk and wheat straw included three stages:pre-pyrolysis,fast pyrolysis and slow pyrolysis.With the increase of the heating rate,the maximum pyrolysis rate increased,the activation energy and pre-exponential factor increased too,the correlation coefficient of linear curve was reduced.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 350-353 [
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354
Applications of Ligands in Ullmann Chemistry
HU Zhang,LI Si-dong
Ullmann-type coupling reaction,as one of the most important tools of modern organic synthesis,is used routinely for the preparation of a wide variety of molecular targets ranging from simple to complex compounds.In the past few decades,more and more attentions have been paid to the improvement of the classical Ullmann chemistry.Particularly,the introduction of new ligands has been a significant discovery and notable achievements have been made.This review highlights the recent developments and applications of some new ligands in the copper-mediated coupling reactions,and proposes the prospect of Ullmann chemistry.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 354-360 [
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361
Advance in Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Fracturing Fluid
CHEN Wei1,WANG Bao-hui1,ZHANG Qiu-shi2,WU Hong-jun1,LIU Wei1,LIU Jia-gang1
Viscoelastic surfactant-based fracturing fluid(VES fracturing fluid)has already achieved well effect as environmental fracturing fluid in the oil field at home and abroad.VES fracturing fluid is no harm to the reservoir and can enhance the conductivity of filling layer.This article reviews the composition,fracturing mechanism,main features,shortcomings and applications of the VES fracturing fluid.In particular,the application of nano technology improves the VES fracturing fluid systems and makes the VES fracturing fluid adapt to dry gas reservoirs.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 361-365 [
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Development of Porphyrin Compound in Petroleum
LI Dong-sheng,CUI Miao-miao,LIU Jie
The structure,physical and chemical characters of porphyrins are introduced in this paper.The existing forms of Ni and V and its position for the latter process are discussed.The removal methods of Ni and V are recounted in detail.And the methods of separation and purification of nickel and vanadium porphyrins in petroleum are also recited.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 366-370 [
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2009 Vol. 26 (4): 370-370 [
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Development of Microcapsulation Used in Electrophoretic Display
CHEN Xiao-pei,HU Xiao-ling,GUAN Ping
Composition and common preparation methods of microcapsules for electrophoretic display,such as in-situ polymerization,interface polymerization and recoagulation,were introduced.The newly achievements of microcapsuled electrophoretic display in China and abroad were reviewed and the prospect of microcapsulation technology was proposed.
2009 Vol. 26 (4): 371-376 [
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2009 Vol. 26 (4): 376-376 [
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2009 Vol. 26 (4): 377-377 [
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