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2022 Vol.39 Issue.5,Published 2022-09-15
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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 0-0 [Abstract] ( 318 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 807KB] ( 583 )
1 Progress on endothermic reactions of hydrocarbon fuel for hypersonic flight
HOU Lin, LIU Qing, ZHANG Xiangwen
The development of hypersonic vehicle technology has important economic and military significance since the improvement of aircraft speed is an important research direction in the field of aerospace. Endothermic hydrocarbon fuels provide important guarantee for hypersonic vehicles. This article mainly introduces the development of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels and their endothermic reactions, focuses on cracking and reforming reactions, analyzes the influence of reaction conditions on thermal cracking, investigates the relationship between fuel molecular structure and thermal cracking reactions, introduces the catalytic performance of molecular sieves, metals and activated carbon cracking catalysts, and summarizes the research progress on catalytic reforming reactions.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 1-10 [Abstract] ( 282 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2953KB] ( 3705 )
11 Preparation of MnWO4/WO3 and its photocatalytic performance
SHANG Zhenxiao, YUAN Jiayu, WANG Kaimei, LI Menghong
Photocatalytic technology has showed great potential in environmental remediation and clean energy production. Herein, a series of MnWO4/WO3 composite photocatalysts with different contents of MnWO4 were prepared by impregnation and calcination method. The structure and morphology of MnWO4/WO3 composite photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM and BET. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic oxygen evolution from water decomposition and degradation of tetracycline. The enhanced photocatalytic activity mechanism of MnWO4/WO3 composite photocatalysts was analyzed by energy band structure, SPV, PL, and active species experiment. In the experiments of oxygen evolution from water spliting and degradation of organic pollutants, the photocatalytic activity of all MnWO4/WO3 samples was higher than that of pure WO3, with the increase of MnWO4 content, photocatalytic activity showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, MnW-2 sample with 3% MnWO4 content exhibited the best photocatalytic performance. 89.26 μmol O2 was produced in 6 h under simulated sunlight irradiation, which was 3.45 times as much as that of pure WO3. The degradation rate of tetracycline reached 92.1%, and its first-order inetic constants were 8.98 times of pure WO3. Through the analysis of the energy band structure and the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, it is found that the change of photocatalytic activity of MnWO4/WO3 samples is mainly caused by the varying of the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 11-20 [Abstract] ( 269 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9449KB] ( 1058 )
21 Optimization of synthesis process of itaconic acid copolymer and research on its scale inhibition performance
GAO He, JIANG Shuangshuang, MAO Lianshan
The IA-AHPS-APEG was synthesized by free radical polymerization, using itaconic acid (IA), 3-allyloxy-2-hydroxy-1-propane (AHPS), and allyloxy polyethylene glycol (APEG) as monomers. The polymerization initiator dosage, reaction temperature and reaction time were optimized by mathematical model established using the central composite design method, combined with the static calcium carbonate scale test. The molecular structure of polymer IA-AHPS-APEG was analyzed by FT-IR technology. The changes of morphology and crystal structure of CaCO3 scale and CaSO4 scale were analyzed by TG, SEM and XRD techniques, and the scale inhibition mechanism of polymer IA-AHPS-APEG were explored. The results show that the optimized IA-AHPS-APEG can inhibit the normal growth of CaCO3 and CaSO4 crystals, and cause lattice distortion of CaCO3 crystals. Its maximum scale inhibition efficiency is 93.2% for CaCO3 and close to 100% for CaSO4.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 21-29 [Abstract] ( 241 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 11146KB] ( 739 )
30 Preparation and performance of fluorescent thermal conductive silicone elastomers
ZHANG Man, MA Xingxing, FENG Yakai
Fluorescent vinyl-silicone oils with different molecular weights were synthesized by the Heck reaction between 1-bromopyrene and vinyl-terminated silicone oils. The chemical structure of fluorescent silicone oil was characterized by NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and its optical properties were characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometer and UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer. Fluorescent silicone elastomers (PyPDMS) were prepared using fluorescent silicone oil and crosslinking agent through crosslinking at high temperature. The hardness, crosslinking density, mechanical properties and thermal stability of PyPDMS were explored. The results show that the fluorescent elastomers have lower hardness (25.8 to 39.4 H00), smaller crosslinking density and high thermal stability. In the mechanical properties, compared with non-fluorescent elastomers(PDMS), the introduction of fluorescent groups increase the elongation at break of PyPDMS-2 to 1.64 times that of PDMS-2, and the tensile strength and elongation at break of PyPDMS-3 were both increased to 1.94 times and 1.13 times that of PDMS-3 respectively. In the oil bleeding test of elastomers, fluorescent silicon elastomers can fluorescently trace the exudation of substances and monitor its exudation in real time, and the amount of oil bleeding of PyPDMS is significantly reduced compared with PDMS, which can be used to control the oil bleeding of the silicone thermal conductive material in practical application.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 30-38 [Abstract] ( 249 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7478KB] ( 1047 )
39 Research progress of crystallization in confined space
XING Xiaohong, OUYANG Jinbo, ZHOU Limin, LIU Zhirong, ZHANG Chuntao
The crystallization behaviors of inorganic, organic compounds and macromolecular polymers in different confined spaces are reviewed based on the classical nucleation theory, and the crystallization behaviors in ordinary solutions are compared. The effects of different confinement spaces on the nucleation, growth and phase transformation of crystals, such as nucleation rate, growth orientation, crystal type, etc., are analyzed. Studies have shown that different pore sizes and morphologies have different control mechanisms for crystal nucleation and growth in a highly dispersed nanoporous matrix, thereby affecting the final crystal structure.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 39-48 [Abstract] ( 255 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2374KB] ( 1712 )
49 Enhancement of alkali deacidification by multi-channel spiral mixer with different structure
ZHANG Bowen, TANG Xia, LIU Xinyu, MA Wei, JIN Wei, CUI Zhengwei
In view of the current oil industry alkali deacidification equipment with large area, high energy consumption, low efficiency and other issues, a novel multi-channel spiral mixer to enhance alkali deacidification is developed in this paper. The changes of the deacidification rate and yield with flux (Q) under different number of channels (F), torsion angle (φ), length-diameter ratio (s) were investigated, and compared with those of traditional stirring mixing. The results show that the deacidification effect is the best when Q>180 L·h-1 and the structural parameters of the multi-channel spiral mixer are F=3,φ=180°, s=1.5, the acids value of the deacidification oil is 0.21 mg·g-1, and the deacidification rate and yield reach 94.17% and 88.42%, respectively. The deacidification rate is 40.56% higher than that of traditional stirring mixing. Using multi-channel spiral mixer to strengthen the system of alkali deacidification can significantly increase the deacidification rate, which will promote the miniaturization and energy saving of alkali deacidification equipment.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 49-56 [Abstract] ( 244 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 5977KB] ( 899 )
57 Treatment of simulated ammonia nitrogen wastewater by Fe3+-TiO2/AC based three-dimensional electrode
LI Jian, ZHU Jufen, YAN Long, WANG Yufei, FAN Xiaoyong, WU Jianjun
The Fe3+-TiO2/AC composite material is prepared by slurry method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A three-dimensional electrode electrochemical system is constructed using the Fe3+-TiO2/AC composite material as particle electrode and graphite plates of the same specifications as anode and cathode to treat simulated ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The effects of electrolytic voltage, electrolyte concentration(NaCl), initial pH and particle electrode dosage on the removal of ammonia nitrogen are investigated, and the response surface method is applied to optimize the conditions for the treatment of simulated ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The result show that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen from the simulated wastewater is 96.86% after 40 min of electrolysis under the conditions of electrolytic voltage of 18 V, electrolyte concentration(NaCl) of 6.7 g·L-1, initial pH of 9.00 and particle electrode input of 10.0 g·L-1. After optimization by response surface method, the best ammonia nitrogen removal rate of simulated wastewater is 97.61% at 40 min with electrolysis voltage of 18 V, particle electrode input of 9.9 g·L-1 and initial pH of 9.10. The above research conclusions can provide some reference for the industrial treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 57-65 [Abstract] ( 331 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 3896KB] ( 1660 )
66 Removal the oxygen-containing groups of porous carbon under low-temperature for supercapacitors
YANG Ting, YIN Likun, HAN Yu, BI Ran, ZHENG Zhuangzhuang, ZHANG Yanan, CHEN Mingming
The key to increasing the energy density of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is to widen the voltage window of EDLCs and improve the withstanding voltage characteristics of porous carbon electrode materials. However, the current difficulty in improving the withstanding voltage characteristics of porous carbon is to reduce the content of oxygen-containing functional groups without destroying the hierarchical pore structure. In this paper, by using a nickel-based catalyst, the hydrogen spillover phenomenon on the surface of the catalyst was applied to remove the oxygen-containing groups of the porous carbon under low temperature conditions, thereby obtaining a porous carbon with low oxygen content. Compared with thermal reduction (H2 atmosphere), in addition to pyrolysis and hydrogenation reactions, the reduction process under hydrogen spillover also includes violent hydrogenation reactions involving highly active hydrogen atoms. Besides, the mechanisms of removing oxygen-containing groups under the primary hydrogen spillover and second hydrogen spillover are investigated and compared in detail. Under the primary hydrogen spillover, due to the strong chemical interaction (Ni—O—C bond and Ni—C bond) between the nickel nanoparticles and the porous carbon, the removal of oxygen-containing groups in the porous carbon is inhibited. However, under the second hydrogen spillover, the Ni—C bond and Ni—O—C bond are avoided, and the dissociated highly active hydrogen atoms diffuse for a long distance at the centimeter level, which can more effectively remove C—O and CO groups. In addition, under the second hydrogen spillover, the crystallinity of carbon layer structure in obtained porous carbon PC-Ni-655 is improved and the pore structure is not destroyed. As a result, when PC-Ni-655 was applied as the electrode material of EDLCs, a small self-discharge phenomenon and long-term cycling stability (a capacity retention rate is 87.9% over 5 000 cycles at 1 A·g-1) with a high operation voltage of 3.3 V were obtained.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 66-77 [Abstract] ( 278 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 7459KB] ( 1440 )
78 Trimetallic Mn-Ni-Co-O@Ni-Mn-S core-shell nanoneedle/nanosheet arrays for supercapacitors
REN Jianwei, WANG Yan, CAI Wangfeng
To meet the needs of supercapacitors for high-performance electrode materials, a combination of hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods was used to synthesize the transition metal oxide and sulfide composite pseudocapacitance electrode material Mn-Ni-Co-O@Ni-Mn-S (MNCO@NMS) with a unique three-dimensional (3D) core-shell structure nanoneedle/nanosheet core-shell array (3D NDNSA) on nickel foam. The SEM and TEM analysis showed that the one-dimensional MNCO nanoneedle as core and the two-dimensional NMS nanosheet as shell were well interconnected and intertwined to form hierarchical 3D core-shell MNCO@NMS nanostructure. Due to the synergistic effects of transition metal oxides and sulfides and the increased conductivity and active sites resulting from the 3D core-shell structure, the prepared 3D MNCO@NMS exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. In the 3 mol·L-1 KOH three-electrode electrochemical testing system, the MNCO@NMS electrode processed an excellent capacitance of 2 574.2 F·g-1 at the current density of 1 A·g-1; After 5 000 cycles at a current density of 10 A·g-1, it exhibited a Coulombic efficiency close to 100% and a specific capacitance retention rate of 83.4%. Furthermore, the hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) with MNCO@NMS as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode exhibited a high energy density of 54.4 Wh·kg-1 at the power density of 799 W·kg-1; Coulombic efficiency was close to 100% and maintained of 81.7% initial capacitance after 4 000 cycles at 5 A·g-1. These electrochemical properties indicate that the prepared core-shell MNCO@NMS can be one of the choices for the high-performance electrode of supercapacitors.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 78-89 [Abstract] ( 309 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 8607KB] ( 3489 )
90 Effect of pH on micro-nano bubbles to alleviate ultrafiltration membrane fouling
LI Xiangxiang, HAN Xu
In order to alleviate the decrease of separation efficiency caused by the aggravation of membrane fouling during ultrafiltration (UF) process, the micro-nano bubbles process was proposed. In this study, the influences of MNBs on the UF processes at pH 3.0, 6.0 and 10.0 were studied. The fouling of membrane surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and focused ion beam dual beam microscopy (FIBDBM). The results showed that the normalized fluxes were 0.96, 1.19 and 1.14 at pH 3.0, 6.0 and 10.0, respectively, with MNBs input during UF processes. MNBs had no significant effect on the rejection coefficient at pH 3.0 during HA UF process. The rejection coefficient increased by 12.7% and 10.0% at pH 6.0 and 10.0, respectively. The thickness of cake layer decreased with pH increasing. The cake layer was loose and porous with MNBs input, weakening the decline of the normalized flux.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 90-96 [Abstract] ( 271 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 9093KB] ( 858 )
97 Numerical simulation of flue gas recirculation combined over-fired air combustion in glass melting furnace
WU Wei, XU Shunsheng, HE Jiazhen, PEI Fei, RAN Weiling
The use of flue gas recirculation combined with over-fired air combustion under the conditions of high temperature and low oxygen combustion (HTAC) technology in the glass melting furnace has an extremely significant effect on reducing NOx emissions. In this paper, a mathematical model of flue gas recirculation combined with over-fired air combustion is established based on numerical calculation methods, and the reliability of the model is verified by comparing actual operating data with simulation results. Research results show: (1) As the flue gas circulation rate increases, the temperature of furnace flame decreases, and the NOx concentration at the outlet of the small furnace decreases; (2) The addition of burn-out air is beneficial to increase the heat flux of the flue gas to the molten glass; (3) The optimized operating parameters of flue gas recirculation combined with over-fire air nitrogen reduction combustion under the research conditions of this paper are: flue gas circulation rate 5%, over-fire air rate 20%. Compared with the basic operating conditions (circulation rate 0, over-fire air rate 0), when running under optimized parameters, the corresponding NOx mass flow is 0.009 51 kg·s-1, and the heat flux is 41.54 kW·s-1. Compared with the basic operating conditions (circulation rate 0, over-fire air rate 0), the NOx emission concentration is reduced by 60.73%, and the heat flux between flue gas and glass liquid is increased by 13%. Compared with the working condition of circulation rate 0 and over-combustion air rate 20%, the NOx concentration drops by 49.4%, and the heat flux between flue gas and molten glass drops by 3.7%. The results of this study provide theoretical support for NOx reduction in glass melting furnaces.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 97-108 [Abstract] ( 234 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 10223KB] ( 840 )
109 Analysis of separation performance of pulsating feed on gas-liquid hydrocyclone separator
YANG Rong, HOU Yongjun, LU Guangrong
In order to better improve the gas-solid-liquid separation ability of drilling fluid shaker, a solid-liquid separation drilling method is proposed, which combines pulsating vacuum formed by a vibrating screen with compressed air injection simultaneously. On this basis, a kind of hydrocyclone using pulsating feed boundary for gas-liquid separation was developed. To analyze the gas-liquid separation performance of hydrocyclone, it is necessary to explore the optimal gas-liquid separation efficiency and its influencing parameters under the condition of pulsating feed. In order to solve this problem, the finite element software Fluent is used to simulate the flow of the cyclone separator with different structural parameters under the states of stable or pulsating feed. The boundary of pulsating feed was set by User-Define-Functions (UDF), and analyzing the efficiency curve. The optimal parameters of the separator under the pulsating feed state are obtained. The results show that the flow field in the pulsating feed state can be better stabilized. The highest gas-liquid separation efficiency of the cyclone separator can be achieved by sinusoidal pulse with a frequency of 0.4 Hz, the efficiency can reach 85.5%. Due to the existence of the pulsating feed, the separation efficiency of the separator is lower than that of the stable feed. Compared with the stable feed state, under the condition of pulsating feed, the pulsating discontinuity will lead to the increase of turbulent kinetic energy, the decrease of radial pressure gradient and the decrease of the peak value of tangential velocity. The above conclusions can provide the theoretical guidance for the design and engineering application of gas-liquid cyclone separator with pulsating feed.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 109-118 [Abstract] ( 245 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 12210KB] ( 724 )
119 Studies on PHB production in Halomonas using acetate as substrate
JIN Biao, ZHANG Jing, HONG Kunqiang, WANG Zhiwen, CHEN Tao
In this study, we firstly tested the tolerance of wild-type Halomonas sp.TD1.0 to acetate sodium (NaAC), the cell growth of TD1.0 was only inhibited by 45.8% when the concentration of NaAC was increased from 25 to 100 g·L-1. TD1.0 consumed 27.3 g·L-1 NaAC in 36 h and reached a dry cell weight(DCW) of 9.6 g·L-1 with 61% PHB content in shake flask cultivation. The results indicated that the strain has a good tolerance to NaAC with high concentration, and can efficiently produce PHB from acetate. In order to further improve its acetate utilization rate, the acetyl-Coenzyme A synthetase gene acs from Bacillus subtilis was over-expressed in TD1.0 using two plasmids with high and low copy number. The average of acetate utilization rate in strain TD-PN59 harboring a high-copy expression plasmid was 0.91 g·L-1·h-1, 19.7% higher than that of control strain TD1.0. The dry cell weight and PHB content of TD-PN59 were 9.98 and 65%, respectively, and the PHB production was 6.49 g·L-1, which was increased by 10.8% compared to TD1.0. In the medium supplemented with 10 g·L-1 glucose and 10 g·L-1 acetate sodium as mixed carbon sources, the acetate sodium utilization rate of strain TD-PN85 expressing acs gene with a low-copy number vector was significantly higher than that of TD1.0. What’s more, the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) was alleviated, which promoted the co-utilization of glucose and acetate sodium.

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2022 Vol. 39 (5): 119-126 [Abstract] ( 273 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 2295KB] ( 864 )
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