To meet the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical properties of Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs), Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂, one of the cathodes with high capacity, are still needed to be improved. Using citric acid as a chelating agent, the LLOs with different particle sizes were prepared by sol-gel method under different calcination temperature and aging times. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the particle size grows with the increase of calcination temperature, and firstly increases and then decreases when the aging time is prolonged. When the calcination temperature is 850℃ and ages for 10 days, the material presents the best electrochemical performance, especially rate performance. When the Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂ electrode is charged and discharged at 0.1 C between 2.0~4.8 V, the discharge capacity is still 206.7 mAh·g^-1 after 60 cycles and the discharge capability is 125.6 mAh·g^-1 at 2.0 C.

Nano-cobalt materials play an important role in the hydrogenation of ethyl lactate to 1,2-PDO. Herein, Co₃O₄ nanomaterials with different morphologies were synthesized, which were further reduced under hydrogen atmosphere to form nano-cobalt. The TEM results indicated that nano-cobalt materials obtained from Co₃O₄ at a low temperature kept original morphologies. The TPR results showed that the Co₃O₄ nanoparticles reduced at a low temperature were easier to generate metal cobalt than Co₃O₄ nanorods. Hence, cobalt nanoparticles gave an excellent conversion for the hydrogenation of ethyl lactate while cobalt nanorods had no activity. Furthermore, the effect of reduction temperature of Co₃O₄ on the nano-cobalt crystal structures was investigated. XRD and TEM results showed that the hcp phase can be produced at a lower temperature. With increasing the reduction temperature, the transformation from hcp phase to fcc phase would take place. The effect of cobalt nanoparticles reduced at different temperature on the performance of hydrogenation of ethyl lactate was studied. Experiments proved that the cobalt nanoparticles had a positive effect on the hydrogenation performance till the reduction temperature increased to 300℃ with a 71% conversion of ethyl lactate. However, when the reduction temperature increased continually, the conversion of ethyl lactate decreased. It indicated that the hcp phase was beneficial to the hydrogenation of ethyl lactate while the fcc phase hampered the hydrogenation of ethyl lactate. In addition, aggregation may also lower the catalytic activity above 300℃.

An efficient process for preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from starch, glucose and fructose was developed via the Fenton reaction in water-butanol two-phase system. The influence factors of the reaction was investigated via the Fenton, including temperature, reaction time, the ratio of water to butanol, and the ratio of Fenton (Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂). The optimal conditions were obtained and the highest 5-HMF yields from starch, glucose and fructose were 46.5%,47.4% and 61.7%, respectively. Finally the mechanism of the Fenton reaction was discussed and found that Fenton could degrade starch to glucose, catalyze glucose to fructose and convert fructose to 5-HMF.

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis has been regarded as a promising alternative to the present Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production, and the development of efficient catalyst for N₂ reduction is key to the electrochemical method. In this research, g-C₃N₄ catalyst is prepared by the thermal polycondensation process, and Pt/g-C₃N₄ catalyst is obtained by reducing Pt onto g-C₃N₄ nanosheets with ethylene glycol. The phase composition and morphology of the two kinds of catalysts are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS. The catalytic performance of Pt/g-C₃N₄ and g-C₃N₄ in a polymer electrolyte membrane cell is studied using Nafion membranes in H⁺ or H⁺/NH₄⁺ form, respectively. While both Pt/g-C₃N₄ and g-C₃N₄ show certain activity towards ammonia synthesis from H₂ and N₂ gases under ambient temperature and pressure, Pt/g-C₃N₄ leads to higher ammonia yield under the same conditions. The yield of ammonia appears to be higher with the H⁺/NH₄⁺-form Nafion membrane, suggesting the presence of NH₄⁺ in the membrane, facilitates the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen.

At present, the synthesis of hindered amine light stabilizer 430 is generally used hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Consequently, there are more risks in the synthesis. To solve this problem, we explored the conditions of the synthesis of hindered amine light stabilizer 430 with t-BuOOH (tert-butyl peroxide) as oxidant, designed two synthetic routes, and studied the effects of solvents, temperature, catalysts on the reaction. The results show that the target molecule can be obtained in one pot with t-BuOOH as oxidant, UV-3853 as reactant, MoO₃ as catalyst, and the yield can be up to 76%. In another route, after alkoxylation and transesterification, we can obtain the target molecule with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinol as reactant in 63% yield. These two synthetic methods reduce the danger of the experiments, and provide the potential of industrial application.

The study was to investigate changes in the adsorption desulfurization performance of halloysite nanotubes(HNTs) with the introduction of metal components by incipient wetness impregnation. The samples were characterized by X-Ray diffractometer(XRD), adsorbed pyridine infrared spectroscopy(Py-IR) and N₂-sorption. The experimental results showed that three kinds of metal components were mainly presented as their oxides on HNTs, and Co₃O₄, NiO and CuO can all improve the adsorption desulfurization performance of HNTs, and the desulfurization rate of HNTs with 10% NiO increased the most, from 30.10% to 47.51%. Metal oxides improved the amount of Lewis acid on the surface of HNTs, and the adsorption desulfurization performance of HNTs increased with the change of the amount of Lewis acid. Therefore, the amount of Lewis acid on the surface of HNTs is an important factor affecting the adsorption desulfurization performance of HNTs.

ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ composite oxides were prepared by impregnation method, and La-Ni/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ catalysts with different La₂O₃ contents were prepared by co-impregnation method. The effect of La₂O₃ contents was test for CO methanation and analyzed by BET, XRD and TPR. The results showed that introducing a small amount of La₂O₃ (2%-6%) into Ni/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ catalyst could increase its methanation activity, especially at low temperature range and high temperature range. Furthermore, the continuous reactions of 100 h under 500℃ were performed to investigate the stability performance and carbon deposition of the 4La-Ni/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ and Ni/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃. The 4La-Ni/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ catalyst displayed superior stability and excellent anti-carbon deposition property than Ni/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃.

Fluid loss additives (FLAs) have the feature of high viscosity, thus increasing the consistence of cement slurry. Moreover, some FLAs exhibit poor salt-tolerant ability. Aimed at above problems, a new fluid loss additive (FLA) AMPS/DMAA/IA was synthesized through free radical aqueous solution copolymerization with the monomers of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulphonic acid (AMPS), N,N-dimethyl-acrylamide (DMAA) and itaconic acid. The structure of the copolymer was identified by FTIR analysis. The thermogravimetry analysis showed that the terpolymer was stable when temperature was below 320℃. The polymer exhibits excellent fluid loss control ability and can be available in saturated brine. The undesired phenomenon such as "abnormal gel" or "false set" was not observed in the thickening test. What's more, the dosage of the terpolymer exerts little effect on the compressive strength of cement stone at low temperature. The far delayed solidification was not presented. It is established that the terpolymer AMPS/DMAA/IA possesses good integrated performance in sea-water cement slurry system.

Polystyrene photonic crystal template was obtained by monodispersing polystyrene microspheres using vertical deposition method. CdTe quantum dot was synthesized in aqueous solution and modified by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). Precursor solution was a mixture of functional monomers (vinyl carboxylic acid and acrylic amide), cross linker (N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide) and initiator (ammonium persulfate). Then CdTe quantum dot-immobilized hydrogel photonic crystal was fabricated by filling precursor solution containing CdTe quantum dot into the interstitial spaces of polystyrene photonic crystal templates, followed by a thermal polymerization. The prepared material was characterized and exhibited a three-dimensional, highly-ordered face-centered cubic structure with a photonic band gap and fluorescent property.

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) technology, as an effective method for harvesting energy from the salinity gradients, has shown great potential in the development of new ocean energy. At present, the improvement of power generation efficiency for the PRO is one of the most important issues to be solved. In this paper, the influences of flow direction, solution concentration and flow velocity on the PRO performances were mainly investigated and evaluated in term of the water flux and power density. And results show that it is beneficial to improving the PRO process water flux and power density by applying the counter-current flow mode, raising the concentration difference across the membrane and increasing the flow velocity. What's more, by unilaterally increasing the feed solution concentration, water flux and power density decrease with increasing feed solution concentration; by unilaterally increasing the draw solution concentration, the water flux and power density increase with increasing draw solution concentration. This paper also chooses the river water-forward osmosis brine simulation system and the results indicate that it is more effective to enhance the feed solution flow velocity by using the counter-current mode under the pressure of 1 200 kPa. And when the draw solution flow velocity is 1.0 L·min^-1, the water flux increased by 17.3% as the feed solution flow velocity increased from 0.5 L·min^-1 to 2.0 L·min^-1, and the power density also increased from 8.01 W·m^-2 to 9.39 W·m^-2.

For the purpose of searching supercapacitor material with high property, graphene/Co₂O₃-NiO film electrode was prepared by electrochemical method, whose working potential is determined by polarization curves. Morphology and structure characterization results indicate that nickel and cobalt existing in the form of NiO and Co₂O₃. NiO and Co₂O₃ particles with diameters between 50 nm and 200 nm are distributed between and on the surface of graphene, forming a sandwich structure. Cyclic voltammetry curves indicate the performance of graphene/Co₂O₃-NiO was improved obviously, compared with that of graphene. Charge-Discharge curves suggest that its specific capacitance reached 503 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g, and the capacitance remained 91% after 500 cycles.

Choosing a suspended bed hydrogenation reactor with a simple structure as an object, the computational fluid dynamics software was used to simulate the internal fluid flow in it. The BP neural network model in the MATLAB and the data fitting software were used to calculate the experiment data, and finally got the relation formula between the coke yield and the reaction data. The relation formula was used as a variable to insert into the simulation result files of CFD-post. Finally the contour of the coking data can be seen directly from the wall, combining with the internal flow field, the easy-coking position can be estimated. The result shows that, in this model, the easy-coking positions concentrated on the middle on the bottom, the central region of the upper surface on the distribution tray and joint of the tray and the wall.

The adsorption capability of macroporous resin H1020 for saccharin (o-benzoic sulfimide) was studied. The adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted under 303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K. The experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first order model and pseudo-second order model respectively. The adsorption process of saccharin on macroporous resin H1020 could be described better by pseudo-second order model.The adsorption data are correlated with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation. The results showed that Freundlich isotherm equation was better to describe the isothermal adsorption of saccharin on the macroporous resin. The values of the thermodynamic parameters including the changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy are calculated. We can conclude from these thermodynamic parameters that the adsorption process of saccharin on macroporous resin H1020 is spontaneous and exothermic physical adsorption.