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Current Issue
2005 Vol.22 Issue.5,
Published 2005-09-15
Article
Article
329
Effects of Substrate Pretreatment by Dispersant on Bioconversion System of Steroid
LI Xiao-jing
The effects of three different kinds of mono-surfactants(PSE,MGE,OPG) and multiple surfactants(PSE-MGE,PSE-OPG,MGE-OPG) on steroid bioconversion system are studied in this paper. The results show that mono-surfactant PSE and multiple surfactants PSE-MGE have positive effects on bioconversion. A higher conversion rate can reach when using mono-surfactant PSE with the concentration of 0.075%. As for multiple surfactants PSE-MGE, the most appropriate surfactant dosage is different according to diverse methods of combing PSE and MGE.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 329-332 [
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333
Analysis of Effects on Cometabolic Degradation of Trichloroethylene
WANG Hai-bo1, SUI Hong2, LI Xin-gang2
In batch reactor, cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) was performed at different ratios of TCE to toluene concentration(23.07,115.47 and 230.94), at last 60%, 95% and 64% of TCE were degradated. The maximum substrate degradation rates obtained by fitting the Monod equations were 0.015 3 mg/(L·h), 0.336 0 mg/(L·h) and 0.019 2 mg/(L·h) respectively. TCE degradation rate was fastest, and the extent of biodegradation was most completely under the condition of 115.47 (TCE∶toluene).When concentration of toluene was constant, the lag period of TCE increased, and the rate and extent of degradation decreased with the concentration of TCE increasing. In addition,the influence of temperature on cometabolism was studied.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 333-337 [
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338
Relativity of Edge Branch Index with the Boiling Points of Cycloalkanes
FENG Chang-jun, MU Lai-long
Randic' carbon atom branch degree (δ_i) is revised to be edge (C—C single bond) branch degree (δb_j). On the basis of molecular topological diagram's adjacency matric, an edge branch index (mχb) of cycloalkane has been developed. Correlations among 0χb, the number of carbon atoms(N), the number of biggest ring's member(n_ max), the sum of common carbon atom's number of many rings(n_G), etc. and the boiling points(T_b) of 258 cycloalkanes were examined and the best regression formula was obtained as follows:ln(909-T_b)= 6.661 11- 0.047 59 0χb- 0.016 79N- 0.007 39n_ max+ 0.001 83n_G,R= 0.996 3. The average relative error is 4.12 K, agreeing with the Mihalic's standard about constructing model: R>0.99 and the average error less than 5 K. The estimated results are better than those of Joback's group adding method.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 338-341 [
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342
Synthesis and Characterization of High Performance Water Borne Polyurethane Emulsion
ZHANG Hui, SHEN Hui-fang, ZHANG Xin-ya, LI Yong-jin, CHEN Huan-qin
High performance and environmental acrylic ester modified water borne polyurethane emulsion has become the research hotspot in coating industries. The mixture of water borne polyurethane prepolymer(PU) and vinyl monomer was prepared by principal raw materials, such as toluene diisocyanate(TDI-80), polyether binary alcohol(N210), dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) and methyl methacrylate(MMA), with the method of emulsion polymerization in situ. Then through free-radical emulsion polymerization, polyurethane-acrylate(PUA) hybrid emulsion was synthesized with the addition of initiator. It was observed that the properties and appearance of the PUA emulsion were nearly related with the ratio of NCO/OH, the amount of DMPA and the neutralization degree. Prepared under the condition:1.3—1.4 of NCO/OH ratio, about 2.6% of —COOH content, and 90%—100% of neutralization degree, PUA emulsion shows good appearance and excellent properties.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 342-345 [
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346
Aggregation of Ultra-fines in Chemical Precipitation
KANG Shi-fang, LIU Ai-min, ZHANG Meng
This paper studies influence in the preparation of ultra-fines from chemical reduction precipitation, such as the reaction temperature, the density of recipitated slurry,the surfactant on aggregation of cupper ultra-fines. It is found that when the reaction temperature is higher, reaction rate of growing crystal nuclei is very fast and the quickly increasing of the crystal nuclei generation results in that quantity density of the crystal nuclei is too large, the great aggregates and cupper foil are made of crystal nuclei in the reactor.When density of precipitated slurry is too high, because of the collision among particles, big spindly aggregates which are made of ultra-fines are born in reactor at the action of surface energy.They are different aggregation behavior, the former is named “aggregation of nuclei degree”, as the aggregation is caused by growing nuclei, and because the latter happen among growing granules, it is named “aggregation of particle degree”.Spherical ultra-fines are produced in the suitable reaction condition.Surfactant is effective on preventing from aggregation of ultra-fines.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 346-349 [
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350
Synthesis of Ethyl Nipecotate from Hydrogenation of Ethyl Nicotinate
FU Xue-jing1, FENG Ya-qing1, ZHOU Dan1,YANG Yun2
Ethyl nipecotate is prepared from ethyl nicotinate by hydrogenation in presence of Pd/C catalyst.The yield of ethyl nipecotate is above 70% after 12 h reaction in autoclave when acetic acid is used as solvent and 10% Pd/C catalyst is added.The synthesized products are analysed by combined means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The main effect of the reaction is identified and nonpolar solvent is appropriate for the reaction.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 350-353 [
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354
Stereoselectivity of Acetalization in Synthesis of Budesonide
XU Li-ying, WANG Dong-hua
The last step of Budesonide synthesis is acetalization of 16α-hydroxyprednisolone with n-butyraldehyde while a chiral 22-C is newly formed.Currently the marketed product is approximately a 1∶1(molar ratio) mixture of the two diastereoisomers, 22R and 22S.Since later studies demonstrated therapeutic superiority of R over S, studies were launched here with an aim to raise the ratio of R in the product.Results showed that at 25 ℃ with perchloric acid as catalyst in dichloromethane for 3 h, a 96% yield of a product containing 22R to 22S as 85∶15(molar ratio) was obtained.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 354-357 [
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358
Catalysts for Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone from Acetone with One Step Reaction
GAO Feng, WANG Bang-he, PEI Shi-hong
Catalysts for synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone [MIBK] from acetone with one step reaction were prepared by impregnated method. The structure of material was analysed through X-ray diffraction and the effects of different content of Cu and MgO on acetones converted to MIBK were studied .The results showed the highest conversion of acetone was 73.96% when the content of Cu was 4% and that of MgO,20%.At last the reaction principle was preliminarily discussed.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 358-361 [
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362
Diffusion Coefficients of Protein in Ion-Exchange Adsorbent
SU Xue-li1, SHI Qing-hong1, WU Yu-long2, ZHANG Meng1
Parallel diffusion model was combined with the chemical potential gradient driving diffusion equation (Maxwell-Stephan Equation,or MS Equation in shortened form) to fit the uptake curves of BSA in anion ion-exchange adsorbent Q-Sepharose FF to study the influence of pH,salt concentrations and initial protein concentrations on diffusion coefficients in ion-exchange adsorbent.It shows that surface diffusion coefficients are larger with lower pH and higher salt concentration. Pore diffusion coefficients decrease with higher initial concentration of protein probably due to the blocking effect of adsorbed protein molecules to pores and increase with increasing pH and decreasing salt concentration. It is pointed out that in the case of surface diffusion not being negligible and non-linear adsorption,diffusion coefficients become a function of concentration when Fick law is adopted and it is necessary to adopt MS equation to describe the diffusion flux in the adsorbent.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 362-366 [
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367
Preparation and Application of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
WANG Hong, HUANG Liang, SUN Yan
As a technique for the synthesis of artificial receptors,molecular imprinting strategy has achieved great advances in recent years.In this article,an elucidation on the basic principles was given;the selection of monomer,cross linker and imprinting molecule,as well as the preparation of polymeric material were proposed.Based on detailed analysis,the differences concerned the characteristics of covalent and non-covalent binding forms involved in the technique were clearly demonstrated,three featured preparation methods were discussed,and the broad applications of molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs) in the fields of chromatographic separation,sensing technique,organic synthesis,catalysis as well as environmental protections were introduced.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 367-370 [
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371
Development of Aggregation and Agglomeration of Particles in Crystallization and Precipitation
HU Ying-shun, YIN Qiu-xiang, HOU Bao-hong, WANG Jing-kang
The aggregation and agglomeration of particles are important secondary kinetic processes in crystallization and precipitation,which evidently affect the shape,the size distribution and the purity of the final products.In this paper,the mechanisms and the influencing factors of aggregation and agglomeration in crystallization and precipitation were reviewed separately.The progress in their mathematic models was also discussed.In addition,the future development in the research of aggregation and agglomeration was prospected.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 371-375 [
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376
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Microemulsion and Its Application
ZHU Zhi-xin, DANG Zhi, WEN Zhen
The basic principle of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO_2) microemulsion and its development were reviewed in this paper.Meanwhile, the structure and properties of surfactants,which can form supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsions were also introduced. Moreover, the application of SC-CO_2 microemulsions to the field of extraction of biochemicals and metal ions, chemical reaction, synthesis of nanomaterials and dying were also discussed.The prospect of SC-CO_2 microemulsions was proposed.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 376-380 [
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2003
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381
Advances in Recombinant Protein Drugs Produced in Yeast by Gene Engineering
XU Ying-qian1, GAN Yi-ru2, HUANG He2
This paper reviews the recent advances in yeast expression systems used in recombinant protein drugs produced by gene engineering,such as the selection of yeast vector system and yeast expression strain, construction of multi-copy strain, the high yeast cell density culture, the recent situation of yeast system applied in expression gene,defect of yeast expression system and countermeasure,etc.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 381-385 [
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Application of Plasma Technology in Chemical Engineering
SHANG Shu-yong 1,2, MEI Li 1,2, YIN Yong-xiang2, DAI Xiao-yan2
Plasma technology is an abnormal instrumentality for chemical engineering and brings new vital force. This paper introduced the occurrence,reaction mechanism of plasma technology, summarized the up-to-the-minute applications in chemical engineering such as preparation of ultrafine powders, surface modification, preparation of basic chemical materials, catalytic reaction, polymerization, membrane technology, analytical chemistry, treatment of “three wastes”, etc.The prospects of plasma were also proposed.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 386-392 [
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393
Progress of Solventborne Acrylic Resins
SUN Zhi-juan, ZHANG Xin-ya, HUANG Hong, CHEN Huan-qin
This paper presents a comprehensive introduction about the developing conditions and virtues of solventborne acrylic resins,the latest development of which products has been described in detail.Besides,the research foreground of solventborne acrylic resins,such as high solid acrylic resins,the series of SAC and silane-modified acrylic resins was discussed.Effects of the group transfer polymerization and the nanometer technologies on performances of solventborne acrylic resins were also introduced.Then applications of solventborne acrylic resins in the area of coatings are summarized,and an anticipation of future trends about the products with low pollution,high performances in the field of solventborne acrylic resins was given.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 393-398 [
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399
Calculation of Solubility of Dimethyl Ether in Squalane
JIA Guang-xin 1,2, TAN Yi-sheng1, HAN Yi-zhuo1
The solubility of dimethyl ether in squalane is calculated by two group-contribution models proposed respectively by Larsen and Fredenslund under the conditions of T=503 K—573 K,P=0.1 MPa—2.0 MPa. Based on the calculated results of group-contribution models,the binary parameter for regular solubility theory is obtained from the optimization of the summation of residuals between the group contributions and regular solubility theory. In addition,the difference among them and their adaption ranges are pointed out in course of the investigation of the influences of temperature and pressure on the dimethyl ether solubility.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 399-404 [
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405
Effect of N,N-Diethylethanolamine on Relative Volatility of Water-Acetic Acid System
LI Xin-li, CHANG Wei-xian, GUAN Guo-feng
N,N-diethylethanolamine as a third component termed an entrainer was added into the mixture of acetic acid and water. The relative volatility was determined,and results showed that this entrainer greatly improved the relative volatility between acetic acid and water components, thus permitting the separation of the acetic acid from aqueous solution. The separation mechanism was analyzed through infrared spectra technique. The results revealed that an ionic complex was formed between N,N-diethylethanolamine and acetic acid molecules.
2005 Vol. 22 (5): 405-407 [
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