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Current Issue
2023 Vol.40 Issue.2,
Published 2023-03-15
0
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 0-0 [
Abstract
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480
) [
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830KB] (
2372
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1
Research on coupling the AMP solvent with semidry desulfurization slag to absorb and mineralize CO
2
WANG Yan, SONG Lei, MA Kui, YUE Hairong, LIANG Bin
Amine solvents were chemically desorbed by the semi-dry desulfurization slag (DFS) and showed cycle stabilities. With the comparison of the absorption and mineralization properties of four commonly used amines, such as MEA、DEA、MDEA and AMP, AMP was selected as the absorbent for the process. The effects of particle size, stirring speed, amine concentration, and reaction temperature on the mineralization reaction were investigated. The surface coverage model was used to dynamically fit the experimental data and the materials and energy consumption of the overall process were calculated. The results show that the absorption-mineralization process with DFS had advantages over the thermal regeneration process in terms of energy consumption and cost.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 1-8 [
Abstract
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314
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4401KB] (
935
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9
Preparation and properties of waterborne polyurethane hot melt adhesive
MEN Yuanli, LIU Chen, GENG Jiaqi, YUAN Caideng
The polyurethane prepolymer was synthesized using toluene diisocyanate, poly (butylene adipate) diol (PBA) and poly(propylene oxide) triol (PPO) as main monomers, 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) as carboxylic monomer and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as chain extender. Anionic waterborne polyurethane emulsion was further prepared using triethylamine (TEA) as neutralizer. The effect of PPO content on the properties of emulsion and polyurethane film was investigated. The results show that when
n
(PBA)∶
n
(PPO)=9∶1, the prepared emulsion has good stability, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the polyurethane film are 44.18 MPa and 742.94%, respectively, the thermal decomposition temperature is 239 ℃, the bonding strength to leather is higher than the cohesive strength of the leather and the lap shear strength to stainless steel is 14.76 MPa.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 9-16 [
Abstract
] (
302
) [
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1KB] [
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10592KB] (
993
)
17
Co
2
P
4
O
12
/NF nanowire arrays for water splitting in an alkaline environment
ZHANG Weiguo, LU Yipeng, WANG Hongzhi, YAO Suwei
Co
2
P
4
O
12
array was constructed on the surface of nickel foam by solvothermal method and phosphating at 300 ℃ using CoCl
2
·6H
2
O as raw material. The diameter of Co
2
P
4
O
12
nanowires is about 200 nm. SEM, TEM and XRD were used to characterize the morphology and crystallographic characteristics, and a three-electrode system was constructed to measure the electrochemical performance in alkaline environment. In the process of hydrogen evolution, only 122 mV overpotential is needed to achieve a current density of 10 mA·cm
-2
. In the process of oxygen evolution, only 334 mV of overpotential is needed to reach the current density of 15 mA·cm
-2
. The assembled electrolytic cell works for 40 h at the current density of 15 mA·cm
-2
, and the cell voltage didn’t change significantly, showing good stability. The above tests proved that Co
2
P
4
O
12
/NF is a potential bifunctional catalyst.
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2023 Vol. 40 (2): 17-24 [
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298
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11512KB] (
673
)
25
Theoretical calculation of hydrogenation of CO
2
to formic acid catalyzed by Ag single atom supported N-modified graphene
LIN Yan, YUE Hairong, LIU Changjun, ZHONG Shan, MA Kui, LIANG Bin, TANG Siyang
Formic acid is an ideal chemical medium for hydrogen storage and a promising fuel source. Catalytic hydrogenation of CO
2
to formic acid has shown high atomic economy, and it is one of the effective ways to reduce CO
2
emissions. Through DFT calculations, the Ag single atom supported N-modified graphene catalyzed the hydrogenation of CO
2
to form formic acid was investigated. Three synthetic products were investigated on the four catalysts. The introduction of N increases the catalyst’s ability to adsorb reactants, reduces the reaction activation energy barrier, and improves the catalytic activity of the catalyst, providing a theoretical basis for the new 2D catalyst to catalyze the hydrogenation of CO
2
to formic acid.
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2023 Vol. 40 (2): 25-32 [
Abstract
] (
343
) [
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4953KB] (
827
)
33
Propylammonium iodide doping in enhanced stability and performance of FAPbI
3
perovskite for photovoltaics
ZHANG Yue, XU Yanting, JIANG Kejian, ZHOU Xueqin
Hybrid perovskite FAPbI
3
is regarded as a promising absorber material for photovoltaic solar cells owing to its ideal bandgap and outstanding photoelectric properties. However, inherent phase instability of black perovskite (
α
-FAPbI
3
) at room temperature remains a big obstacle for its application in photovoltaics. Herein, pure
α
-FAPbI
3
thin films were prepared in air atmosphere by doping propylammonium iodide (PAI) in FAPbI
3
precursor solution. It is found that the doping of PAI can inhibit the formation of the undesired
δ
-FAPbI
3
, enhance the crystallinity and light absorbability, without widening the optical bandgap. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic performance and stability of the PAI-doped FAPbI
3
films are significantly improved. As a result, the device doped with 1.0% (molar fraction) PAI achieved the best photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.6%, PAI doping is an effective strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance and stability of
α
-FAPbI
3
perovskite cells.
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2023 Vol. 40 (2): 33-40 [
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302
) [
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3626KB] (
1385
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41
The influence of acid binding agent on synthetic antioxidant 3052
CHEN Dongli, YANG Jun, LIU Changqing, HAN Xiaoping, SONG Jian
The acid binding agent used in the synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenyl acrylate (antioxidant 3052) in most literature is triethylamine, but when triethylamine is used as an acid binding agent, it may complex with and deactivate acryloyl chloride, and its strong alkalinity also leads to further esterification reaction and formation of by-products such as acrylate diesters. By screening different acid binding agents and optimizing the experimental conditions, the results show that the combination of pyridine, Na
2
CO
3
and triethylamine as a mixed acid binding agent greatly reduces the generation of by-products, and the selectivity of raw materials is all above 97%, the yield can reach 80%. The synthetic 3052 sample is added to the production of ABS resin, and the color difference value Δ
E
is less than 2.0, which meets the qualified industrial standard.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 41-46 [
Abstract
] (
297
) [
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1044KB] (
2082
)
47
Progress in the application of continuous microfluidics in the preparation of polymer particles by photopolymerization
LIU Qing, YU Siyuan, PEÑA Jhair, XING Jinfeng
Photopolymerization has attracted much attention for its advantages of environmental friendliness, mild reaction conditions, wide adaptability, and low cost. The application of continuous microfluidics in photopolymerization is helpful to improve the reaction efficiency and achieve high level control of polymerization. In detail, the advantages of continuous microfluidics in the photopolymerization of polymer particles include improved repeatability and synthesis accuracy, controllable particle size, polydispersity and internal structure. In this review, we summarized the application of continuous microfluidics in the synthesis of nanoparticles by photopolymerization including single-phase microfluidic photopolymerization and multi-phase microfluidic photopolymerization, the formation mechanism of polymer particles with various morphologies, and the typical examples.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 47-56 [
Abstract
] (
262
) [
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1KB] [
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3955KB] (
914
)
57
Experimental study on process of direct contact phase change heat transfer of steam on subcooled liquid spray
HUANG Anyang, LUO Yiqing, ZHANG Huishu, YUAN Xigang
The direct contact condensation heat transfer process of saturated steam and subcooled water spray countercurrent was studied experimentally using water as working fluid. The changes of liquid sheet thickness and breaking length under different inlet liquid temperature and the axial and radial temperature distribution of liquid sheet were investigated. The local heat transfer coefficient and total heat transfer coefficient of the liquid sheet were calculated based on the experimental data. The experimental results show that the liquid sheet thickness and breaking length are larger at low inlet liquid temperature during direct contact condensation heat transfer. There is a temperature gradient in the radial direction of the liquid sheet, and the temperature of the surfaces of the liquid sheet is high, and there is a minimum temperature in the center. With the increase of the axial distance of the liquid sheet movement, the temperature of the liquid sheet increases gradually, and the temperature rise of the liquid sheet at the outlet of the nozzle is the fastest. In the process of condensation heat transfer of the whole spray, the temperature rise of the liquid sheet accounts for 80%—85% of the total temperature rise of the spray heat transfer. Therefore, compared with the droplet, the liquid sheet plays a major role in heat transfer. The local heat transfer coefficient at the nozzle exit is the largest and decreases with the increase of axial distance. The experimental results show that the total heat transfer coefficient is much larger than the traditional membrane condensation heat transfer coefficient, which reflects the advantages of direct contact heat transfer such as steam-subcooled liquid spray.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 57-66 [
Abstract
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269
) [
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10414KB] (
648
)
67
Separation of cobalt and nickel by hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents based on quaternary ammonium salt and alcohols
HE Xihong, XIAO Haifeng, LI Linbo
Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) is a new type of green solvent with low cost, low vapour pressure, simple synthesis and other advantages. Using Aliquat 336 as hydrogen bond acceptor and hexyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, decyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol as hydrogen bond donor, respectively, five HDES were prepared for the extraction and separation of Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ). The effects of Cl
-
concentration, acidity and temperature were investigated, the stripping behavior of Co(Ⅱ) was studied, and the extraction mechanism of Co(Ⅱ) by HDES was studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the separation performance of Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) can be improved by increasing Cl
-
concentration, increasing temperature and decreasing acidity. Compared with different HDESs, the distribution ratios of Co(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) decreased slightly with the increase of alkyl chain length in hydrogen bond donor, and the separation factors remained unchanged. The Co(Ⅱ) can be stripped from the HDESs phase with 1 mol·L
-1
Na
2
SO
4
solution, and the stripping percentage reached 99.5% by two times of stripping. The extraction mechanism of Co(Ⅱ) by five HDESs is the same which accords with anion exchange.
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2023 Vol. 40 (2): 67-74 [
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324
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9198KB] (
1300
)
75
Research progress of conductive polymer gas sensors
WANG Zhipeng, GUO Zhiming, XING Jinfeng
Gas sensors are electronic components that utilize the gas-sensitive properties of materials to detect target gas concentrations. They are widely used in production safety, environmental monitoring, clinical medicine and other fields. Gas sensing materials are mainly divided into metal oxide semiconductor materials, conductive polymer (CP) materials, and metal organic framework materials. Conductive polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their low cost, easy synthesis, and good response to harmful gases such as ammonia at room temperature. Recent studies on CP composites have also greatly improved the gas-sensing properties of CP. In this paper, the regulation mechanism of CP resistance is analyzed, and the research progress of CP and their composite gas sensors for NH
3
, NO
2
, H
2
S and other gases in recent years is mainly introduced, the research status of CP in the detection of methanol, triethylamine, carbon monoxide and other gases is briefly introduced. Finally, the application prospects of CP in the field of gas sensing are prospected.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 75-84 [
Abstract
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277
) [
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2245KB] (
1243
)
85
Municipal sludge modification and their adsorption performance for phenol in wastewater
MA Zijun, MA Hongrui, ZHU Chao, CUI Jiaye
It is always an urgent need for advanced treatment of industrial wastewater to use efficient and low-cost adsorbents to remove phenolic organics from wastewater. Modified sludge based adsorbents are prepared from municipal sludge after carbonization, alkali activation and magnetization, including carbonized sludge (CS), activated sludge (ACS) and magnetic activated sludge (MACS). The adsorption experiment of phenol in aqueous solution was carried out, and the characteristics of three adsorption materials were characterized. The results show that KOH activation can improve the porosity of CS, magnetic modification can significantly improve the specific surface area of the material, so that the pore size range is concentrated to the mesoporous. After modification, oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl are greatly increased. ACS and MACS show high adsorption capacity, but their adsorption capacity is significantly affected by the concentration of pollutants and reaction time. The adsorption of phenol by CS is mainly controlled by chemical processes, while the adsorption of ACS and MACS is in addition to chemical adsorption, mesoporous effect is also an important mechanism of its adsorption. The comprehensive adsorption efficiency is MACS>ACS>CS from high to low.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 85-93 [
Abstract
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279
) [
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1KB] [
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5020KB] (
740
)
94
Study on treatment of fracturing flowback wastewater and microbial community based on MABR
ZHAO Dong, YANG Pingping, DING Ye, XIE Liang, LI Baoan
Fracturing flowback wastewater (FFW) contains a variety of complex organic substances with high toxicity, high salinity and poor biodegradability. In this study, a three-stage membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) system was designed for the treatment of FFW. The system showed excellent carbon and nitrogen removal performance under the optimal operating parameters. The effluent from MABR system treated by Fenton reagent met the secondary standard of integrated wastewater discharge. The removal rates of COD, NH
+
4
-N and TN by MABR system were 79.30%, 96.06% and 75.61%, respectively. Microbiological analysis showed that MABR biofilm was enriched with abundant functional flora, in which
Proteobacteria
and
Bacteroidetes
were the dominant flora. This study demonstrated the technical feasibility of MABR treatment of FFW, and laid a foundation for the application of MABR in the treatment of related wastewater.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 94-103 [
Abstract
] (
260
) [
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10645KB] (
628
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104
Preparation and separation performance of nanoparticles/graphene oxide modified composite membrane
ZHOU Jianmin, LI Fei, FEI Liting, LIU Jie, JI Zhiyong, ZHAO Yingying, WANG Jing, GUO Xiaofu, WANG Shizhao, YUAN Junsheng, BI Jingtao, LIU Fengzhen
On the surface of polyamide nanofiltration membranes (NF), two nanoparticle intercalated graphene oxide composite membranes were loaded through the method of vacuum extraction filtration and pressure spraying. The mass ratio of graphene oxide (GO) and silicon dioxide (SiO
2
) for the composite membranes GOS1, GOS2, GOS3, GOS4 were 1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1, 4∶1. The mass ratio of graphene oxide (GO) and titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) for the composite membranes GOT1, GOT2, GOT3, GOT4 were 1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1, 4∶1. GOT and GOS composite membranes were characterized by SEM, EDS,XPS and GIWAXS. The results indicated that GO and nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on the surface of polyamide nanofiltration membrane. The properties of the composite membranes were studied, and the water purification mechanism of the composite membranes was speculated. The water flux of GOT composite membrane can reach 50 L·m
-2
·h
-1
at 0.75 MPa, which is 25% higher than that of the original substrate. The GOT composite membrane has the higher flux and maintain a higher flux compared with the original base membrane. At the same time, it can maintain a rejection rate of about 90% for salt solution and heavy metal ions. This topic provides a new process idea for the preparation of graphene oxide composite membranes and a composite membrane with higher purification efficiency for wastewater treatment.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 104-113 [
Abstract
] (
383
) [
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1KB] [
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4714KB] (
958
)
114
Research progress on municipal reverse osmosis concentrate and its advanced treatment technology
SHI Puxin, YANG Pingping, DING Ye, XIE Liang, LAN Meichao, ZHAO Dong, LI Baoan
Ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis (UF/RO) dual membrane process can provide high quality reclaimed water, but the concentrate produced by reverse osmosis process is difficult to treat. By using the advanced treatment technology of municipal reverse osmosis concentrate, making the treated concentrate meet the discharge standard, which is of great significance for promoting the resource utilization of sewage. Based on the composition of the municipal reverse osmosis concentrate, this paper introduces the characteristics of the municipal reverse osmosis concentrate and the application of advanced oxidation processes, biochemical and physical processes in concentrate treatment, analyzes the characteristics of each treatment process, provide the references for the related research.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 114-122 [
Abstract
] (
323
) [
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1KB] [
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1339KB] (
1516
)
123
Comparison and analysis of stirring performance stirred by disc turbine agitators
WANG Yinghui, HAO Lin, ZHU Zhenxing, WEI Hongyuan
Four geometries of disc turbine agitators were established in the oval-bottom stirred vessel according to industry standards. Standard
k-ε
turbulence model and multi-reference frame (MRF) method were used to study the influence of blade shape, speed, rotation direction and flow pattern on power, discharge flow, pumping efficiency and shear rate. The results show that blade shape has an impact on the power consumption, discharge flow, pumping efficiency and critical installation height of flow pattern transition. The pumping efficiency meets arc blade (reverse)>curved blade (positive)>arrow blade (reverse)>circular blade (positive)>straight blade>arrow blade (positive)>arrow blade (reverse) when the flow pattern is radial. With the flow pattern transiting from radial flow to axial flow, power and radial discharge flow are reduced. The performance analysis of standard agitators provides a reference for the selection and design of industrial agitators.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 123-132 [
Abstract
] (
293
) [
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1KB] [
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10679KB] (
789
)
133
Mixing characteristics of continuous flow reactor coupled with jet and mechanical stirring
HAN Taibai, JIN Guangyuan, ZOU Pengcheng, ZHU Yulian, SONG Chunfang, LI Zhenfeng, CHEN Haiying
By using the continuous processing technique, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is able to maintain the continuity of the production process. Compared with traditional reactor, the inner flow field in CSTR is more complex, and CSTR shows a more significant effect of the feed inlet jet on the flow field. In this paper, the traditional microwave reactor with double agitator structure was reformed with the continuous technique. Through date stimulation method, based on CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), the features of both flowing and mixing time in CSTR under different jet schemes were obtained. The result suggested that the jet flow affects directly not only the flow field in the flow region but also the position of the circulating eddy current and in turn affects the flow globally in the reactor. In addition, the jet direction has a greater effect on the flow pattern in the reactor. When jetting counterclockwise, the velocity gradient in the reactor got larger, the shearing effect between the fluids got stronger, thus the mixing performed the best. Compared with the traditional batch-type reactor, the time taken by CSTR was saved by 33%.
Guide:
2023 Vol. 40 (2): 133-142 [
Abstract
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223
) [
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10877KB] (
682
)
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