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Current Issue
2019 Vol.36 Issue.3,
Published 2019-05-15
0
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 0-0 [
Abstract
] (
2958
) [
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1KB] [
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401KB] (
2143
)
1
Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of Mn/K
2
Ti
8
O
17
Used for Soot Combustion
Zhai Yueyuan, Cao Chunmei, Xing Lingli, Yang Yuexi, Tian Ye, Ding Tong, Li Xingang
In order to solve the problem of soot pollution in diesel emissions, a series of soot catalyst Mn/K
2
Ti
8
O
17
with varying MnO
x
loadings were developed. The structure and redox properties of the catalysts were investigated by multiple techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H
2
temperature-programmed reduction (H
2
-TPR), temperature-programmed reduction of soot (soot-TPR), and their soot combustion performances were evaluated in a temperature programmed oxidation system. Results show that the support K
2
Ti
8
O
17
has good catalytic performance, with enhanced activity after MnO
x
is loaded, the best loading content is 10%. The excellent catalytic performance of 10% Mn/K
2
Ti
8
O
17
is attributed to the well-distributed MnO
x
particles, which has strong interaction with the support, leading to the abundance of Mn
4+
. Mn
4+
plays a key role in redox cycles, thus the best redox property of the catalyst is obtained. Another factor contributing to the activity of 10% Mn/K
2
Ti
8
O
17
is the profusion of surface absorbed oxygen as active oxygen, as well as the improved mobility of oxygen species. With good mobility of oxygen species, the consumption of absorbed oxygen in combustion process could be supplemented by the transfer of lattice oxygen, resulting in an accelerated reaction speed.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 1-7 [
Abstract
] (
5798
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
5543KB] (
2458
)
8
Phase Transition Mechanism of Calcined Titanium Dioxide Containing Silicon by High Temperature In-Situ X-ray Diffraction
Wei Yanbin, Xu Benjun, Luo Xian, Long Yongfu
In order to reveal the influence of Si impurity elements on the phase transformation mechanism of titanium dioxide, rutile intermediates of H
2
TiO
3
and H
4
SiO
4
doped with Si (10%) were prepared by TiCl
4
hydrolysis method. The high temperature phase transition of TiO
2
under the effect of doped-Si was studied by DTA-DTG and XRD. As a result, it was found that the Si(10%) doped TiO
2
was transformed from an amorphous structure to an anatase phase at 650℃, and changed from an anatase to a rutile phase at 1 000℃. The results show that compared with the pure TiO
2
phase transition temperature, the doping of Si inhibits the transformation temperature from amorphous to anatase and anatase to rutile. At the same time, it was found that with the increase of the high temperature time, the crystallinity of the same crystal form of titanium dioxide changes.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 8-15 [
Abstract
] (
3663
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
10689KB] (
1998
)
16
Preparation and Characterization of Fluorescent Carbon Dots Modified by Hyperbranched Polyethyleneimine
Lu Chen, Yu Liping
Hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) and citric acid (CA) were used to prepare fluorescent carbon dots by a hydrothermal synthesis method. It was experimentally demonstrated that the fluorescent intensity of carbon dots was greatly improved by PEI surface modification. The effects of dosage, temperature and reaction time on the fluorescence of carbon dots were investigated. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the fluorescent quantum yield of 43% was achieved. In addition, the fluorescent carbon dots were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 16-21 [
Abstract
] (
3630
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
6007KB] (
2393
)
22
Research Progress of Advanced Carbon Materials for Room-Temperature Sodium-Ion Battery
Yang Le, Hu Mingxiang, Zhang Hongwei, Huang Zhenghong, Lv Ruitao
Sodium-Ion batteries (SIBs) operating at room temperature are very promising to serve as a new generation of energy storage choice with the increasing demand for low-cost high-performance devices for large-scale energy storage. Among different candidates, carbon-based material is one of the most promising choices for the practical applications of SIB anodes in virtue of their excellent electrochemical properties, low cost and high safety. Notably, bulk-diffusion type carbon and surface-adsorption type carbon show remarkable differences in sodium-storage sites, electrochemical behaviors and material design principles. This article reviews the state-of-the-art research progress of these two types of carbon materials. The mechanism for their sodium-storage, electrolyte matching and electrochemical performance improvement are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future research related to carbon-based anode materials for SIBs is proposed.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 22-34 [
Abstract
] (
2447
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
10691KB] (
1934
)
35
Preparation of Immobilized Marine Petroleum-Degrading Bacteria and its Degradation Characteristics or Petroleum-Containing Seawater
Jiang Tianxiang, Zhang Aijun, Wang Wenhua, Wang Jing, Ren Huafeng
In this work, a marine petroleum-degrading bacteria (SI-JHS) which was insolated previously in our laboratory, was immobilized at different embedding conditions to increase the degradation efficiency for petroleum-containing seawater. The effects of environmental conditions in seawater such as pH, salinity and temperature on degradation characteristics of immobilized beads were investigated. Immobilized beads prepared by 10% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 1% sodium alginate (SA) as embedding material, and saturated boric acid solutions containing 2% calcium chloride (CaCl
2
) as crosslinker. The better mass transfer performance and greater mechanical strength of immobilized beads were obtained when bacteria entrapment reached 20% and 5% activated carbon was added. The best degradation conditions for immobilized beads to degrade petroleum-containing seawater were:pH at 7.0~7.5, salinity at 3%~4% and temperature at 30~35℃. The degradation rate of petroleum by SI-JHS-immobilized beads was 97.8%, which was 22.6% higher than free bacteria. The degradation process could be followed by the pseudo first order dynamic model.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 35-41 [
Abstract
] (
4234
) [
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1KB] [
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3346KB] (
2206
)
42
Formation Process of Barium Sulfate Particles Using Electrical Resistance Tomography
Liu Yuejiao, Ye Feifei, Guo Xiaoyan, Yang Suohe, He Guangxiang, Jin Haibo
The conductivity of the reactor was monitored by resistance tomography (ERT) in real time, and the change of the conductivity of the solution during the formation of spherical barium sulfate particles was investigated. Under Pseudo-homogeneous conditions, the relation between the conductivity change and barium sulfate particles is on line monitored by ERT, which is used to analyze the generated particle concentration, and the morphology of barium sulfate particles in reaction stage is observed using the scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the electrical conductivity of change trend and the best reaction time under different concentration are obtained through the ERT monitoring conductivity change, which can form the size uniformity of spherical particles. It also verifies the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) technique can be used to study the formation of barium sulfate particles with high sensitivity.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 42-48 [
Abstract
] (
2257
) [
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1KB] [
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7554KB] (
2127
)
49
Nano-Surface Heat Transfer Performance Based on Self-Wetting Solution
Hu Baisong, Si Xianghua, Wang Dewu, Zhang Shaofeng, Luo Mingyuan
Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays served as the heat exchange surface were prepared by anodic oxidation on titanium surface. The influences of the butanol concentration on the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient of the system were investigated with the self-wetting solutions containing different concentrations of butanol, and the coupled heat transfer mechanism was also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the critical heat flux was greatly increased by the coupled heat transfer between the titanium dioxide nanotube surface and the self-wetting solution compared with the conventional smooth surface and distilled water coupling, and the heat transfer coefficient decreased with the increase of the concentration of the self-wetting solution. When the nanotube surface with super hydrophilicity and greater roughness was coupled with the 1% self-wetting solution, the maximum heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux can be as high as 11.963 kW·m
-2
·℃
-1
and 623.706 kW·m
-2
, respectively, which are increased by 84.1% and 143.8% compared with the conventional coupling. It is known from the bubble visualization that the bubbles produced by coupled heat transfer during the boiling process are small, quick to depart and not easy to reunite. The combined bubbles are easy to break and form the microbubbles, which makes the system enter a violent bubble boiling state. The high departure frequency of bubbles and special effective liquid replenishing paths are the main reason for improving the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 49-54 [
Abstract
] (
4055
) [
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1KB] [
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9216KB] (
1929
)
55
Numerical Study on Flow Characteristics and Heat Transfer for a Circular Tube with Turbulators
Sun Yongli, Wen Guobin, Xiao Xiaoming
Regarding to heat transfer enhancement always along with the pressure drop penalty, the study compared and analyzed flow characteristics and heat transfer in the circular tube with ‘V’-baffle (V-baf), Center-rod (C-rod), and Swirl-generator (S-gen) using numerical simulation. The results showed:turbulators can improve heat transfer. PEC (Performance Evaluation Criterion) can be easily understood and calculated, which considers both heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty. Compared with C-rod and V-baf, S-gen can induce swirl flow, which can enhance flow mixing in radius direction, increasing temperature uniformity in the core flow. This is according to the enhancement principle of secondary flow and core flow. Meanwhile, the swirl flow can maintain a long distance with little decaying, which has great heat transfer enhancement.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 55-63 [
Abstract
] (
1226
) [
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1KB] [
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9948KB] (
2336
)
64
Study on the Influence Factor of the Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger
Yang Min, Zhang Yuzhen, Jia Zhanbin
Several kinds of method were used to calculate the shell-side heat transfer coefficients of seven typical industrial shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and detail analysis was carried out for several key structural parameters which could affect the heat transfer performance of the shell side obviously. The results of the analysis show that the key parameters such as the ratio of the pitch to the diameter of the tube, the baffle spacing, the shell-to-baffle clearance and the tube bundle-to-shell clearance have important influence on the heat transfer performance of the shell side. The results of the comparison and analysis of different calculation methods show that both the Kern method and Donohue method have an obvious deviation in contrast to the stream analysis method, while the Bell-Delaware shows a much better accuracy than the Kern method and Donohue method.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 64-71 [
Abstract
] (
3492
) [
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1KB] [
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7895KB] (
2655
)
72
Numerical Simulation of Shell-Side Falling Film Boiling of LNG Spiral Wound Heat Exchanger
Wu Zhiyong, Liu Yang, Jian Weiwei, Gao Yang, Cai Weihua
The volume of fluid (VOF) model which attaches to the ANSYS Fluent software was employed to simulate the shell-side falling film boiling of spiral wound heat exchanger (SWHE). When inlet quality in shell-side is not more than 0.10, the shell-side boiling can be well simulated by the VOF model, and the boiling heat transfer coefficient that is related to refrigerant mass velocity may be accurately predicted. For falling film flow, the vapor velocity and the liquid velocity are so low that friction pressure drop is small. The heated wall is generally covered by the liquid film, the liquid phase will turn into the vapor phase, separate from the heated wall and enter into the flow channel of shell-side after the tube-side heat is absorbed. Besides the refrigerant flowing down which is dominant on the shell-side, the spiral flowing which is minor can be found, and the vapor eddy which stays at the top of shell-side may be identified.
2019 Vol. 36 (3): 72-79 [
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] (
2057
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
8363KB] (
2091
)
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