Bi-Functional catalysts with acidity and hydrogenation activity were prepared by loading heteropolyacids over SBA-15 through one-pot hydrothermal method and then supported Ru on HPA-SBA-15. The texture and properties of the Ru/HPA-SBA-15 were characterized by means of N₂ physisorption, XRD, TEM, ICP, and NH₃-TPD. The influences of reaction time and temperature on cellulose conversion were investigated. The results showed that a cellulose conversion of 55.2% and a sorbitol yield of 36.8% were obtained under the conditions of reaction time of 16 h, temperature of 190 ℃, and H₂ pressure of 5 MPa. The recycle tests indicated that there was no significant loss of the catalytic activity after three times. It suggested that heteropolyacid supported over Ru/HPA-SBA-15 had good stability. The bi-functional catalyst prepared in this study has good catalytic activity and stability.

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-γ-alumina composite was prepared by colloidal processing. A series of CNTs-γ-alumina composite supported platinum-nickel catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation method and were applied to the preferential oxidation(PROX) of CO in H₂-rich gases. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption, X-Ray diffractions(XRD), H₂-temperature programmed reduction(H₂-TPR), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The catalyst of Pt-Ni/CNTs-γ-Al₂O₃ exhibited very high activity and selectivity with broad temperature window for CO removal via PROX at low temperature. The Pt-Ni alloy species which can be reduced at low temperature are highly dispersed on the support. CNTs in the composite were wrapped and the nanoparticles of Pt-Ni were on the surface of Al₂O₃. The very good catalytic performance of this catalyst is attributed to the formation of Pt-Ni alloy as well as the addition of CNTs, which can avoid or mitigate the formation of hotspots. The hotspots can increase the selectivity of oxygen to H₂ oxidation and can generate reverse water gas shift reaction, both of which are harmful for eliminating CO.

Nickle phosphide catalysts were prepared by combining the method of incipient wetness impregnation and temperature-programmed reduction, using silica as the support. The effects of different Ni/P molar ratios and different loadings on catalysts structure and isobutane dehydrogenation performance were investigated. The structure and constitute, reducing property and hydrogen adsorption performance were characterized by TEM, XRD, H₂-TPR and H₂-TPD. The results prove that Ni/P molar ratios make great effect on the surface material, that catalysts contained phase-pure Ni₂P on the silica when Ni/P molar ratios were 1.0 and 0.5, and when Ni/P molar ratio was 1.5 to yield Ni₁₂P₅. Ni₂P particles with low loading were well distributed, but the particles become larger and uniformly with the increase of loading. Nickel phosphide catalysts have dehydrogenation activities and Ni₂P have a better performance than Ni₁₂P₅, the catalyst have the best performance for isobutene selectivity higher than 80% when n(Ni)/n(P)=1.0, loading 10%, n(H₂)/n(i-C₄H₁₀)=1.0, 800 h^-1, 460 ℃.

The synthesis of calcium formate by Ca(OH)₂ carbonylation was studied in a stirred tank reactor in a semi-batch way. The products obtained from the carbonylation reaction were analyzed by XRD. It was found that the products of the reaction were calcium formate and a little calcium carbonate, hence the side reaction could be neglected since its rate was lower than the main reaction rate. The influence of reaction conditions on the formation of calcium formate were investigated, which illustrated that the gaseous diffusion resistance could be eliminated at the stirring speed up to 1 000 r/min. The reaction was carried out at temperature between 423 K and 453 K, pressure from 2.0 MPa to 3.5 MPa and different initial concentration of calcium hydroxide, and the kinetics was simulated using power function. The reaction order with respect to CO is 1 and the activation energy is 54.7 kJ·mol^-1. The effectiveness of the established model could be validated by the comparison between the calculated and experimental data.

The thermochemical property of cassava dregs was investigated by means of thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) methods. The mass loss and evolving rates of the gaseous products during pyrolyisis of anaerobic digested cassava dregs and undigested cassava dregs were also measured. The results showed that the pyrolysis of cassava dregs processes could be divided into three stages: volatilization of water(25—200 ℃), decomposition of organic substances(200—600 ℃), decomposition of inorganic substances(600—1 000 ℃). The amount of the organic substances released from the anaerobic digested cassava dregs was smaller than that from undigested cassava dregs. The pyrolysis behavior of anaerobic digested cassava dregs and undigested cassava dregs were analyzed by coupled TG-MS analyzer. The major gas species of pyrolysis, H₂, H₂O, CO, CH₄, CO₂, were monitored with mass spectrometry and the trend of gas released curve is similar. The hydrogen yield in the pyrolysis is related to the heating rates and particle size. The common tendency for hydrogen product tend are as follows: higher heating rate and larger particle size result in higher hydrogen yield. Based on the results of Coats-Redfern integration method, the pyrolysis of cassava dregs could be described by first-order kinetics equations and increasing heating rate did not show evident influence on the apparent activation.

With PANI as the carrier,CdSe/PANI composite films were prepared by potential controlled electrodeposition method. The morphology, crystal structure and optic properties of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and luminescence spectrum. SEM images show that the grain size of CdSe in CdSe/PANI composite films is 150—200 nm,and the grain size increases with the increase of electroplating time. X-ray diffraction result showed that CdSe/PANI composite films contained two kinds of crystals and the crystal structure of CdSe/PANI composite films didn't alter with the changes of its thickness. The luminescence spectrum showed that photoluminescence properties of CdSe/PANI composite films were greater than those of the CdSe films and PANI films. Compared with CdSe film,the existence of PANI in composite films had a role of the carrier and significantly enhanced the photoluminescence properties of CdSe,and led to the photoluminescence emission peak position red-shifted obviously.

The cationic polymerizations of pure components simulated C9 fraction were carried out in the presence of various active components in the polymerization systems. The effects of active components content on the properties of C9 petroleum resins were investigated. The C9 petroleum resins with different dicyclopentadiene content were characterized by FI-IR. The results showed that the increasing content of indene and dicyclopentadiene both improved the softening point. However, dicyclopentadiene took part in the copolymerization and introduced unsaturated double bonds into C9 resin. The thermo-oxidative degradation of unstable double bonds contributed to the color of petroleum resins.

N,N'-Di-sec-butyl p-phenylene diamine (DBPD) was prepared from p-nitroaniline and butanone catalyzed by Cu-Cr-La/γ-Al₂O₃ in autoclave. The effects of the selection of catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time, reaction pressure and the ratio of the reactants on the reaction were investigated. The optimum reaction condition for synthesis of DBPD was as follows: reaction temperature was 180 ℃, reaction time was 10 h, reaction pressure was 3.5 MPa, the mass ratio of p-nitroaniline and butanone was 1:4. The best reaction condition resulted in the target product with 97.0% purity and the conversion of p-nitroaniline was 100%. The catalysts could be reused three times without any significant loss in activity. On the basis of experiment in the laboratory, pilot experiment was carried out successfully.

The liquid holdup distributions of four kinds of TH-VST with different angles and one kind of RH-VST with the same structure parameters are experimentally studied with the air-water system in the 1 500 mm×400 mm quadrate column. The experimental results show that the non-uniform degree of the TH-VST have better performance than that of RH-VST. At the same condition the non-uniform degree decreased and then increased with the increase of the angle of Trapezoidal hole and F_o-factor. It increased with the liquid weir load. Based on the experimental data, the angle range of Trapezoidal hole which have good flow distribution performance was determined. The correlative equation was obtained for the non-uniform degree, the result can be applied in the engineering design.

A ternary composite of graphene/PANI/MnO₂ was successfully prepared by π-π conjugate adsorption method followed by liquid-phase coprecipitation method. The effect of PANI to ternary composite was discussed. SEM and XRD results show that the addition of suitable amount of PANI can effectively improve the dispersion of MnO₂, decrease the particle size and increase the porosity. Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance method show that ternary composite with suitable amount of PANI has a higher specific capacitance value and a very good cyclic stability, even after 3 000 cycle, the capacitance is still 92.7% of the original value.

Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, and glucose are explored as additives in anolyte for vanadium redox battery(VRB), respectively. The effects of additives on anolyte are studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and stability test. The CV results indicate that glucose, which is one of the poly-hydroxy organic compounds, can improve oxidation peak current; oxalic acid containing multiple-carboxyl can improve reduction peak current; tartaric acid, which contain both poly-hydroxy and multiple-carboxyl, can both improve oxidation peak current and reduction peak current. Meanwhile tartaric acid can enhance the stability of V⁵⁺, which may due to the interaction between tartaric acid and vanadium ion. The EIS results indicate that the electrochemical activity of anolyte is improved by adding tartaric acid, which can reduce charge transfer resistance and solution resistance.

The lithium/thionylchloride batteries have been widely used in the fields of national economy, especially in the field of national defense, due to its high energy density. Because of the activity of lithium, the battery capacity of thionylchloride cells would decrease when keeping at high temperature. The decays of capacities increase with the time of storage, and the degree of attenuation is not the same after different time. In this paper the performance of lithium/thionylchloride batteries after high temperature storage is studied. The discharge capacity is 2 151 mAh and 1 744 mAh when the battery was discharged at 0.01C after storage at 60 ℃ for 7 d and 35 d. While the battery was stored at 40 ℃ and 60 ℃ for 21 d, it can release 2 294 mAh and 1 974 mAh. The results showed that the decays of both capacity and discharge platform were improved with increasing of both temperature and storage time. However, the impedance of cells increased with the increasing for both temperature and storage time. Furthermore, the open-circuit voltage of cells increases with the time of storage.

During the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials for microbial fermentation, a wide range of inhibitors were generated, including furans, phenols and weak acids etc. These inhibitors would inhibit the cell growth and sugar utilization of fermentation microorganisms. In this study, three typical inhibitors, furfural, phenol and acetic acid, were used to investigate their influence on the genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae SyBE001603. The tolerance of strain to the three inhibitors when using cellobiose or glucose as the sole carbon source was evaluated. It indicated that furfural could inhibit both the cellobiose and glucose utilization capability of the strain, and more severe inhibition occured with higher furfural concentration. At a phenol concentration less than or equal to 0.5 g/L, the cellobiose utilization was facilitated, while at the phenol concentration of 1.5 g/L, the cell growth and cellobiose utilization were strongly inhibited. Acetic acid exhibited significant inhibition on the cell growth and the cellobiose utilization, and the cellobiose consumption rate and ethanol productivity were strongly reduced as the acetic acid concentration increased. However, when using glucose as the sole carbon source, acetic acid (0.5~4.0 g/L) would accelerate the glucose utilization. In addition, it was observed that the synergistic inhibition effects of multiple inhibitors were more severe than that of single inhibitor.

A 3.5 kb rib operon of Bacillus subtilis 168 was amplified by PCR and cloned into different copy number of plasmids, including pSC101, p15A and pBR322. The resulting plasmids, pSC101-BSrib, p15A-BSrib and pBR322-BSrib, were transformed into Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655. The results showed that, in shaking-flask fermentation, the riboflavin titer was higher as the plasmid copy number increased. Then the fermentation conditions of E. coli K-12 MG1655 ECX3 were optimized. It was founded that the optimum culturing conditions for producing riboflavin were adding 0.1 mmol·L^-1 IPTG and incubating at 42 ℃. Under above condition, strain ECX3 produced 251.4 mg·L^-1 riboflavin in LB medium with 10 g·L^-1 glucose. Finally, we decreased bifunctional riboflavin kinase/FMN adenylyltransferase (encoded by ribF gene) activity to reduce the conversion of riboflavin to FMN and FAD by a scarless gene manipulation method. The final riboflavin production strain ECX4 produced 292.3 mg·L^-1 riboflavin in shaking-flask experiments.

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) separation method with UV photodiode-array detection has been developed for the simultaneous determination of dimethyl oxalate and oxalic acid. The chromatographic analysis was carried out after their elution with acetonitrile and phosphoric acid solution (pH=2.7) whose volume ratio was 60:40 from C18 stationary phase (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.7 mL/min for the whole run. The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. Effects of pH and other conditions on the separation were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the liner correlation coefficients of oxalic acid and dimethyl oxalate were 0.9996 and 0.9998, respectively. The relative standard deviations were 0.8%—1.0%. This method was suitable for the determination of dimethyl oxalate and oxalic acid.