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Current Issue
2013 Vol.30 Issue.5,
Published 2013-09-15
Article
Article
1
Effect of Preparation Parameters on the CO Low-Temperature Oxidation Performance of Au/TiO
2
Catalysts
LIU1 Ya-Qiong, Lyu Qian2 , MENG Ming1
The support TiO
2
and its supported catalysts Au/TiO2 were synthesized by sol-gel and depositionprecipitation method, respectively. The effect of several preparation parameters on the activity of the catalysts，such as calcination temperature, gold loading, pH value of reaction solution, kinds of precipitation reagents and presence or absence of Cl
-
ions, were investigated. The preparation parameters were optimized by using ambient CO oxidation as probe reaction. In addition, the thermal stability of the optimized catalyst 1.0% Au/TiO
2
was also investigated. It is confirmed that the optimal calcination temperature is between 200—350 ℃; the best pH value and precipitation reagent are 9 and NaOH, respectively; when the gold loading is in the range of 0.5%—5.0%, the higher gold contents the better catalytic activity and the higher thermal stability. The presence of Cl
-
ions leads to an obvious decrease of the catalytic activity of Au/TiO
2
. The results of circular tests using different concentration of CO on the optimized Au/TiO2 catalysts showed that the CO conversion was always 100% at ambient temperature even after undergoing three cycles and a continuous reaction of 2 160 min.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 1-6 [
Abstract
] (
3787
) [
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1KB] [
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1456KB] (
1473
)
7
Preparation of ZrB
2
Nano-Powders by Novel Sol-Gel Technology
CHEN Ya-Lu, HUANG Zu-Bin, ZHANG Mei-Yu, CHEN Shuo, LI Min-Min, JI Hui-Ming
A stable and homogeneous Zr-B-C mixed sol system was obtained through sol-gel process using ZrOCl
2
, H
3
BO
3
and sucrose as raw materials. Citric acid (CA) was adopted as complexing agent and polyethylene glycol (PEG600) was added in the system as dispersant. The transformation of sol to gel was achieved by adding ammonia water into the mixed sol drop by drop. Near-spherical ZrB
2
particles with diameter of 40 nm were synthesized by carbonthermal reduction reaction at 1 500 ℃. XRD, SEM and other analysis methods were applied to study phase composition and microstructure of the nanoparticles as prepared. The effect of CA-complexation technology on the sol was also discussed in this paper. The results showed that stable Zr-B-C mixed sol system can be obtained when the molar ratio of Zr to CA is 3; pure and phase composition controllable ZrB
2
powder can be prepared by increasing the molar ratio of B to Zr; dispersibility of the ZrB
2
nanoparticles was better when 1.0%PEG was added.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 7-10 [
Abstract
] (
2736
) [
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1KB] [
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1165KB] (
1626
)
11
CO
2
Absorption Performance of Li
4
SiO
4
Prepared from Coal-Kaolin
LIU Yu-Lan, DING Tong, MA Zhi, QI Xiao-Zhou, ZHANG Hui
Lithium orthosilicates (Li
4
SiO
4
) is a hightemperature CO
2
sorbent. It separates CO
2
from gas mixture based on a chemical reaction. In this paper, we have prepared Kaolin-Li
4
SiO
4
successfully. With silicon dioxide made from the waste residue of acid processing coalkaolin and lithium carbonate as raw materials, KaolinLi4SiO4 was prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction. The microscopic morphologies of absorbents were viewed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The performance of CO
2
absorption was measured with a thermogravimetric analyzer (DTA-TG). The result indicated that the material exhibited good ability to absorb CO
2
, the biggest absorption capacity was up to 31.07% (mass fraction). Compared with the Li
4
SiO
4
prepared with commercial SiO
2
as silica source, the CO
2
absorption of Kaolinlithium silicate was faster at low temperature. So Kaolinlithium silicate has a significant advantage of CO
2
absorption at low temperature.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 11-15 [
Abstract
] (
1565
) [
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1KB] [
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1331KB] (
1608
)
16
Pretreatment of Corn Cob with HNO
3
/HCl and Ethanol Production by Simultaneous Saccrification and Fermentation
LIU Xiao-Juan-1, WU Xiao-Bin-1, ZHENG Wen-Yao-2, ZHANG Yi-Min-1
HNO
3
/HCl was used to hydrolyze corn cob for sugar releasing. The optimizum conditions were obtained by using orthogonal experiment, with the reaction temperature of 120 ℃, reaction time of 30 min and solid loading of 15%. Taking the pretreated corn cob as substrate, ethanol was produced by simultaneous saccrification and fermentation and the effects on fermentation were investigated. The results showed that the suitable fermentation conditions were reaction temperature of 37 ℃，pH 5.0, enzyme loading of 30 FPU/g substrate, yeast concentration of 10% (w/v), fermentation time of 72 h and with the solid loading of 150 g/L, the final concentration of ethanol was 41.4 g/L, which was 76.8% of the theoretical yield.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 16-20 [
Abstract
] (
1822
) [
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1KB] [
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1715KB] (
1742
)
21
Screening of a Flocculant-Producing Bacterial Strain and Study on Its Flocculating Activity
HAO Jian-An, YANG Bo, JIANG Tian-Xiang, ZHANG Xiu-Zhi, ZHANG Xiao-Qing, ZHANG Ai-Jun, WANG Jing, ZHANG Yu-Shan
Flocculants were commonly used agents in seawater purification. Seawater flocculants were hot spot research area. In this study, we collected samples from Bohai Gulf. Plate dilution method was applied to isolate bacteria. Improved detection method was developed to screen flocculating active strains. A bacterial strain with high flocculating activity was found. The strain was identified as
Bacillus licheniformis
by 16S rDNA test and biolog test. It was nominated as
Bacillus licheniformis
dhs-36 ultimately. According to the flocculating rate analysis of culture, supernatant and broken cell product, we found the flocculating activity of the strain was only in fermentation supernatant. Flocculating active curve showed the strain had best flocculating activity after two days. Following the stability test of flocculating activity, we found the flocculating activity of the strain was sensitive to pH. The strain could only maintain flocculating activity while pH varied from 6 to 10. But it could maintain flocculating activity while temperature varied in a wide range. The flocculating active substance was identified as protein by saccharide, protein, lipid, and nucleic acids qualitative test. High flocculating activity, convenient collecting method of flocculating active substance made this bacteria a promising material in seawater treatment.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 21-25 [
Abstract
] (
1643
) [
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1KB] [
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1315KB] (
1755
)
26
Latest Advances of Microbial Production of Succinate
YANG Jian-Gang, ZHU Nian-Qing, CHEN Tao
Succinic acid has a huge potential market with wide applications in chemical, food, medicine industry, and so on. Biobased succinate production has attracted much attention in recent years for many reasons such as low price, low pollution or renewable resources. Focusing on the latest achievements in succinate production, this review systematically summarized the focus of the researchers’ attentions nowadays, especially for metabolic engineering and fermentation optimization of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. At last, guidelines for future studies are also proposed.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 26-32 [
Abstract
] (
1535
) [
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1KB] [
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1854KB] (
1723
)
33
Synthesis Technology of Rose Oxide
WU Yan, QI Xin, GU Zheng-Yan
In order to synthesize rose oxide (Ⅰ), three step reactions were used, which involved oxidationreduction reaction and cyclization. In the first two steps， the 3,7-dimethyl-oct-5-en-1,7-di-ol (Ⅱ) and 3,7-dimethyl-oct-7-en-1,6-diol (Ⅲ) are synthesized from
β
-citronellol. Finally, the rose oxide (Ⅰ) was cyclized from Ⅱ and Ⅲ with acidic catalysts. Dosage of hydrogen peroxide, molar ratio, type and dosage of catalyst and reaction time were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the yields of mixed diols (Ⅱ and Ⅲ) and rose oxide (Ⅰ) are 95% and 41.5% respectively, and the total yield is 39.4%.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 33-36 [
Abstract
] (
1433
) [
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1KB] [
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1531KB] (
2188
)
37
Synthesis and Evaluation of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide Based on Complex Initiation System
SONG Hua 1, 2 , WANG Zhong-Yuan 1, DING Wei 1, WU Wen-Xiang 3, LI Feng 1, 2
The copolymer (sulfonated polyacrylamide) of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were synthesized by using a complex initiation system which contains the redox initiator (ammonium persulfate and formaldehyde sulfoxylate sodium sulfite) and watersoluble azo initiator (azobisisobutylamidine hydrochloride). The effect of redox ratio, complex initiation ratio, reaction temperature, pH of the system, monomer concentration on the apparent viscosity of polymer solution were studied and the temperature tolerance and salt resistance were evaluated. The results showed that the SPAM had better temperature tolerance and salt resistance performance than industrial partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM 3.5×10
7
).
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 37-41 [
Abstract
] (
1580
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
1560KB] (
1721
)
42
Particle Size Distribution and Synthesis of Lithium Iron Phosphate by Sol-Gel Method
WANG Bao-Wei, YANG Mei-Lin, CHOU Peng
Olivine-type lithium iron phosphate was synthesized by sol-gel method. The preparedLiFePO
4
samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and laser particle size analyzer. The effect of the factors on particle size distribution, structure and morphology was investigated, and the suitable conditions were obtained as follow: pH of gelation preparation was 3.57, calcination temperature was 800 ℃, calcination heating rate was 7 ℃/min, the ratio of ［CA］/［Fe
2+
］ was 3.5∶1.0. The influence mechanism of different factors on particle size distribution of lithium iron phosphate was analyzed. Reaction process mechanism and calcination process mechanism were mainly explored.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 42-47 [
Abstract
] (
3105
) [
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1KB] [
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1979KB] (
1630
)
48
Effect of Preparation Conditions on Properties of Polyamide Wax Rheological Modifier
LI Bin, CHENG Fa
The effects of particle size of polyamide wax power and the types of activators on the rheological properties of coating improved through polyamide wax rheological modifier were studied. The results showed that fully grinding of polyamide wax would make the performance of rheology better in epoxy resin system than that without any grind of polyamide wax. The influence of rheological properties were investigated through the addition of activators including
n
-butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and methanol to polyamide wax, and it was found that the touch rheological properties in the epoxy resin system had a higher low shear viscosity and lower high shear viscosity when polyamide wax slurry activated was compounded by ethanol and isopropyl alcohol with ratio of 5∶7.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 48-51 [
Abstract
] (
2171
) [
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1611KB] (
2489
)
52
IF
5
Preparation Technics by GasSolid Reaction
LIU Chun-Xue, CUI Xue-Wen, HAO Shu-Hai
IF
5
was prepared with I2 and F2 by gas-solid reaction, the flow rate of F2 is 28—30 L/min and reaction pressure is under -0.01 MPa. The influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of reactants and adding amount of I2 were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions of preparing IF5 were: reaction temperature between 80—100 ℃, molar ratio of F2 to I2 is 6∶1, adding amount of I2 was 10 kg in 100 L reactor. Under these conditions，the biggest yield of IF
5
could reach 87.32% with purity of 99%.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 52-54 [
Abstract
] (
1394
) [
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1KB] [
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1420KB] (
1814
)
55
Modeling and Experiment of Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption Process for N
2
and CH
4
Separation
YANG Hua-Wei, ZHANG Zheng-Wang, ZHANG Dong-Hui
The three bed vacuum pressure swing adsorption experiment for nitrogen and methane separation was studied with the coconut shell activated carbons as adsorbent. The adsorption and replacement pressure was 0.5 MPa, and the desorption pressure was -0.08 MPa. 30% Methane was concentrated to 80—98% with the recovery of 65%—96%. The influence of outlet flow rate in the adsorption and replacement steps for the purity and recovery of methane were also studied. Aspen Adsorption software was used to establish the model, the simulation results and the experimental results were approximately the same. Simulation process was able to provide the basic design parameters of the industrial plants for methane enrichment.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 55-60 [
Abstract
] (
4726
) [
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1KB] [
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1793KB] (
2475
)
61
Simulation and Optimization of Recycling Process for Exhaust Gas with Ethanol
NIAN Li-Jun 1, HAN Yue-Zhi 1, WANG Zhen 2, GAO Rui-Chang 2
The absorption-desorption process for recovery of ethanol from exhaust gas was studied by simulation with AspenPlus. UNIFAC model and Wilson model were selected for predicting equilibrium relationship of absorption tower and desorption tower respectively, meanwhile, the process parameters were optimized. The optimal parameters of towers were proposed: the theoretical total plate number of absorption tower is 25, the liquid gas ratio is 0.24 L/m
3
, the mass fraction of ethanol from overhead exhaust gas is 28×10
-6
which is operated under room temperature and atmospheric pressure, the recovery rate of ethanol is close to 1 at column bottom. The theoretical total plate number of desorption tower is 20, the reflux ratio is 3, the raw material is fed at 10th plate. A top product of acetone with 91.7% concentration could be obtained and a bottom product of almost pure water can be recycling applied as absorbent water after cooling. These results are useful for construction design and improvement.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 61-64 [
Abstract
] (
1684
) [
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1KB] [
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1732KB] (
1867
)
65
Study of FEP/GBased Heat Conductive Hollow Fiber and Its Heat Exchanger
FAN Han-Han1, 2 , 3 , WANG Yue1, 2 , 3 , LI Bao-An1, 2 , 3
Common heat exchangers can not meet the demands of some special areas, such as wastewater treatment of chemical industry, acid and alkali salt circulation equipment. Therefore, there is a great value of the application of plastic heat exchanger and it has been greatly developed in recent years. In order to improve the overall efficiency of heat exchanger and the maximum service temperature of the plastic heat exchanger, graphite is used as filler and the FEP was mollified with it. In this paper, we make the hollow fiber by composite material with small diameter, thin wall and good thermal conductivity. And the heat exchangers were made by the heat conductive hollow fibers. This paper mainly discussed the formula of the composite material and the influences of preparation process on hollow fibers’ mechanism and thermal properties. Testing of “water to water” heat exchanging was made by self-made conductive hollow fiber heat exchanger to study the influence and regularity of the heat exchanger performance by changing the fluid process and flux. The result shows that the heat exchangers made by FEP with graphite composite has low cost, light weight, easy installation and transporting. They have thermal conductive material high fill rate per unit volume and great heat exchange performance.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 65-70 [
Abstract
] (
4579
) [
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1KB] [
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2478KB] (
1737
)
71
Separation of Methano1-Toluene by Extractive Distillation
ZHANG Luan, ZHANG Jin-Wei, ZHU Hong-Ji, BAI Peng, LI Bo, SUN Chang
1, 2-dimethylbenzene was chosen as solvent through UNIFAC group contribution method and its effect was verified by vaporliquid equilibrium experiment. The effectiveness of the selected solvent was investigated by batch extractive distillation experiment. The results show that 1, 2-dimethylbenzene can increase the relative volatility significantly. The batch extractive distillation was carried out in a packed column of 30 theoretical plates. With the constant reflux ratio of 3 and the solvent mole ratio of 1∶1, the product mole fraction of methanol reaches 99.688%.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 71-75 [
Abstract
] (
3280
) [
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1KB] [
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1818KB] (
2984
)
76
Purification of Natural Nicotine by Vacuum Batch Distillation
DING Zhi-Wei1, 2 , JIA Peng-Fei3, TANG Heng-Dan3, WANG Ji-Hong3
Because of big loss and low purity of product in traditional refining process for extraction of natural nicotine, an innovative method for purification of nicotine by vacuum batch distillation was studied. And the suitable operating conditions were obtained. The distillation process included two stages as follows: In solvent recovery stage, the appropriate pressure was 50—100 kPa and reflux ratio was 2—4, respectively, and the recovery of chloroform was 88.7%. While in nicotine refining stage, the suitable operating pressure was not more than 0.5 kPa, the reflux ratio was 3—5. And the purity (mass fraction) and yield of nicotine was more than 99.5% and 74.0%, respectively. The method to refine nicotine is steady, convenient for control and easy to be realized in industrialization.
2013 Vol. 30 (5): 76-79 [
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] (
1594
) [
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1745KB] (
2124
)
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