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2008 Vol.25 Issue.2,
Published 2008-03-15
Article
Article
95
Electrical Conductivity and Catalytic Reduction of SO_2 by CO over Sulfurized La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3
WANG Qian,MA Zhi
The structure,electrical conductivity and catalytic reduction of SO_2 by CO over sulfurized(La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3)(x=0.0～0.3)were investigated.The results showed that the sulfurized samples of La_(1-x)Sr_xCoO_3 are P-type semiconductor and the effect of catalysts on SO_2 is stronger than that on CO.In reaction mixture,the bigger the adsorptive capacity of SO_2,the higher its catalytic activity over La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)CoO_3;the weaker the adsorptive capacity of SO_2,the lower its catalytic activity over La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)CoO_3.It can be concluded that there is a certain relationship between the adsorptive capacity of SO_2 and catalytic activity of the catalyst.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 95-97 [
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2362
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98
Photocatalytic Degradation of Nitrogen Oxides Using N-Decorated TiO_2 Under Visible Light Irradiation
LIU Shi-xin~1,ZHAO Lin~1,TAN Xin~1,ZHANG Rui~2
In order to utilize visible light in photocatalytic conversion of NO_2,nitrogen atoms were doped in commercially available photocatalytic TiO_2 powders using ammonium carbonate as N source by immpregnating method.The crystal structures of TiO_2 was not changed after calcinations process.Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) indicated that N atoms were incorporated in the bulk phase of TiO_2 as(N-Ti-O) linkages.A significant shift of the absorption edge to a lower energy and a higher absorption in the visible light region were observed.These N-decorated TiO_2 powders exhibited photocatalytic activity for the degradation of NO_2 under visible light irradiation.The sample mixed with 20% ammonium carbonate and calcined at 600 ℃ for 1.0 h showed best photocatalytic activity.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 98-103 [
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104
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Photocatalyst of TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4
SUN Ming~1,TAN Xin~
Using micron-sized Fe_3O_4 as supporter,TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4 coated particles were prepared by an improved sol-gel process.Their magnetic property,phase structure and morphology were characterized by means of VSM,XRD,and TEM.The photocatalytic activity of TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4 was investigated by the photoreduction of Cr~(6+) aqueous solution.The results indicated that the TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4 two-coated particles were composed of SiO_2 mesosphere and TiO_2 crust,and the thus prepared TiO_2/SiO_2/Fe_3O_4 showed better magnetic properties and higher photocatalytic activity than TiO_2/Fe_3O_4 without SiO_2 coating.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 104-106 [
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3128
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107
Effect of Packing on the Mixing Process of Methanol/Vegetable Oil in Horizontal Pipes
MA Jia-yu,WANG Cun-wen,WANG Wei-guo,CHEN Su-fang,ZHANG Jun-feng
The mixing state of methanol/vegetable oil has great influence on the preparation of biodiesel.In this paper the influence of packing on the mixing process of methanol/vegetable oil in horizontal pipes was investigated.The results showed the joining of the packing promoted two-phase mixing,among them,the metal packing was the best,ceramic packing took second place,plastic packing was the worst.The mixing device had better mixing ability than no mixing device and T style mixing device had better mixing ability than Y type mixing device.The mixing state decreased with the increasing molar ratio of methanol/vegetable oil.This can provide guidance for biodiesel continuous production.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 107-111 [
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112
New Technique for Ethyl Nitrite Regeneration
HU Zhong-cai,YIN Dong-xue,HE Cui-ying,MA Xin-bin,LI Zhen-hua
The trickle bed reactor was used to replace the bubble bed reactor for ethyl nitrite regeneration.Inert porcelain and molecular sieve were selected as the filling material for testing the effects of parameters such as mode of gas inlet,reaction temperature and mole ratio of NO/O_2 on conversion of O_2.It was found that inert porcelain is the best filling material for this reaction and the suitable reaction condition is: temperature of 40—60 ℃,mole ratio of NO/O_2 is 6∶1 and content of N_2 is 50%.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 112-115 [
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1813
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116
Adsorption of Toluene on Activated Carbon Fiber Modified by Heat and Fractal Analysis
ZHANG Deng-feng,ZENG Xiang-dong,LU Wen,ZHANG Zhi-yong,WANG Pan-pan,YANG Li-li
In the atmosphere of nitrogen with gas flow of 100 mL/min,the activated carbon fiber(ACFs) were modified respectively under 450 ℃ and 950 ℃ with heating time of 30 min,the modification samples of ACFs were marked as ACF_1,ACF_2.The low concentration of toluene adsorption isotherms of the samples of original ACF_0,ACF_1 and ACF_2 were studied respectively.On the foundation of the toluene adsorption isotherms,the fractal dimensionality(D_f) of three ACFs samples were analyzed according to Mandelbrot fractal theory.Through calculation,the D_f of the three ACFs samples were D_(f,0)=(2.542 5),D_(f,1)=(2.569 2),D_(f,2)=(2.573 4).The reason why heating modification can improve the adsorption capability of ACFs was explained with fractal theory.Finally,the experimental results and the fractal analyses of ACFs property were confirmed with the token data of ACFs samples.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 116-120 [
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121
Effect of pH on Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient of Benzoic Acid Derivatives
MA Shao-na~1,JIA Qing-zhu~
As organic acids,benzoic acid derivatives are common organic pollutants in natural water body.In order to investigate the effects of pH value of water phase on the octanol/water partition coefficient of benzoic acid derivatives,the shake-flask method was used to determine the octanol/water partition coefficient of benzoic acid,o-chloro-benzoic acid,m-nitro-benzoic acid and p-methyl-benzoic acid at different pH value of water phase.The results showed that with the arising of the pH value,the octanol/water partition coefficient of benzoic acid derivatives reduced markedly especially when pH value was in the range of 3 to 5.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 121-124 [
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125
Total Reflux Batch Distillation Columns in Mode of Periodic Liquid Material Exchange
BAI Peng,WU Jun,LI Xiao-feng,WANG Chao,GUO Hong-jie
A new type of operation on batch distillation in mode of conjoint columns was proposed.The feasibility of this new operation was proved by the experiments in which two columns and three columns in periodic liquid material exchange were used as operation unit respectively and the system of ethanol-isopropanol(volume ratio of 1) ethylbenzene-para-xylene(volume ratio of 1) were chosen.The results of the experiments indicated that the new operation of two columns and three columns can obtain the separation effect of relative columns of two and three connected directly,while the whole pressure drop of the new operation is the same as the pressure drop of a single column.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 125-128 [
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129
Pseudo-Polymorphic Behavior of L-Serine in Aqueous Solution
LI Xia,YIN Qiu-xiang,HU Yang,WANG Jing-kang
The solubility of L-Serine in water was measured by laser method.The experimental results show that the transition temperature of the two morphologies of L-serine,anhydrous and monohydrate crystals,is 309.14 K,upon which the anhydrous crystal is stable,while under which the monohydrate crystal is stable.The cooling crystallization and the polymorphic transition processes of L-Serine in aqueous solution were real time monitored by PVM and FBRM.The results show that at a higher temperature,the anhydrous crystals form in club-shaped habit,while the temperature of the slurry was cooled under the polymorphic transition temperature,the club-shaped anhydrous crystals would translate to the hexagonal plate-shaped monohydrate crystals.This translation behavior related to the fact that the monohydrate crystal can form easily due to the hydrogen bonds between the moleculars of L-Serine and water at lower temperature
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 129-133 [
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134
Fluid Dynamics of Jet Stirring Appliance and Its Structure Optimization
WANG Xiao-jing~1,DONG Zhi-qun~1,TANG Ming-jun~2,JIA Hai-yan~2
Kettle structure and jet stirring appliance structure of the photocatalytic reactor were ascertained through the study on flow field required by technical operation and the applying entrainment theory.Simulation result was displayed and analyzed through CFD simulation on the optimized scheme,then the structure of three-dimension jet stirring appliance was proved feasible and its structure parameters were completely reasonable.The efficiency of arsenic removal is apparently improved through the comparison between industry production and experiment.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 134-137 [
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138
Cometabolic Degradation of Pentachlorophenol by Immobile Mixed Bacteria
XIA Liu-yin~1,SUN Yong-li~1,TIAN Qing-ling~2,LI Xin-gang~1
The tolerance ability of four bacteria,such as KTY17,UBA48,AY770,and AY407,for organic pollutant of pentachlorophenol(PCR) was determined and the cometabolic degradation of PCP was investigated.The effects of immobile mixed bacteria with glucose,glycerol,phenol or butanedioic acid as growth substrate on degradation of PCP were compared.Results showed the grains of immobile bacteria mixed with UBA48,AY770,and AY047 showed good degradation ability for PCP,glucose and butanedioic acid were more suitable for supporting the cometabolic degradation of PCP,and the effect of phenol changed with the concentration of phenol.Glycerol definitely restrained the growth of the bacteria and with the concentration increasing,the effect became much noticeable.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 138-142 [
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2705
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143
Preparation of C_2—C_3 Polyhydric Alcohols by Ru/C Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Sorbitol
ZHANG Hong,LIU Zong-zhang,ZHANG Min-hua
Lower polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol,ethylene and propylene glycols,were product in petrochemical traditionally.In recent years,the price of base oil raised gradually,so a mixture of lower polyhydric alcohols derived from biosustainable resources of sugar and higher polyhydric alcohol by catalytic hydrogenolysis were explored in the worldwide.Ru/C catalyst was prepared by the procedure of isometric impregnation.The reduction temperature,reduction time and Ru content of Ru/C were optimized by means of the activity text,temperature program revert(TPR),X-ray diffraction(XRD).It is concluded Ru/C catalyst have a high performance,the selectivities for ethylene glycol(EG),1,2-propylene glycol(1,2-PG),1,3-propylene glycol(1,3-PG),glycerol(GL) were 28.86%,24.25%,10.97%,9.15% respectively.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 143-145 [
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146
Extraction of Polysaccharides from Stigma maydis by Enzyme and Ultrasound
WEI Jing-na~1,ZHU Hong-ji~1,LIN Qiang~2
To improve the extracting ratio of corn stigma polysaccharide,a new process was developed.The optimum condition of enzymeassisted extraction was obtained through orthogonal test,and the effects of ultrasound on enzyme-assisted extraction was investigated.An optimal hydrolysis condition was achieved with the enzyme load of 5% of corn silk at(50 ℃) in water for 170 min.The quantity of polysaccharide was increased by 35.52% after ultrasound treatment.The experiment showed that a combination of cellulase and ultrasound was an effective way for the extraction of polysaccharides from maize stigma.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 146-149 [
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150
Carbon Electrode Applied in Producing Nitrogen Trifluoride by Electrolyte
JI Yan-zhi,WANG Shao-bo,WANG Bin
In order to prolong the useful life of electrode and improve the efficiency of current,and to reduce the pollution of nickel on electrolyte and the cost of producing NF_3,the nickel anode was substituted by carbon anode in the course of producing nitrogen trifluoride(NF_3).In this paper,the technological parameters of producing nitrogen trifluoride is choosed by experiments.Contrast to carbon electrodes,carbon electrode for producing NF_3 is confirmed.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 150-153 [
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154
Improvements of Separating Process in Polycrystalline Si Production by Modified Siemens Arts and Crafts
WEN Ya,HU Yang-dong,SHAN Ting-liang
The separation process about deoxidizing stove tail gas in the modified siemens arts and crafts in polycrystalline silicon production was improved.Aspen plus software was applied to study the separation process of tail gas through combination of different separation method such as rectification,absorption,adsorption,etc,and the separation sequence of tail gas was fixed on, four flow blue prints under moderate operation conditions was put forward.Temperature-enthalpy diagram was used to analyse every flow blue print furtherly,and found that there was little significance for heat matching of the four flows,but the lowest temperature requirement of the separation process was 250 K,which was easy to be realized.Through comparing flow equipment and parameters such as adding quantity of absorbent,operation pressure of major equipments,public works heating and cooling loads etc,the optimal flow blue prints was confirmed for the separation of tail gas.The flow was characterized by moderate operation condition and better separation effect.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 154-159 [
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160
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of High Temperature and Pressure Water
DONG Yan-ping,DONG Xiu-qin,ZHANG Min-hua
Microscopic structure,hydrogen-bond and self-diffusion properties of high temperature and pressure water were investigated by using molecular dynamics(MD) simulation.Moreover,the average geometrical configuration of water molecules at different state were analyzed.It was found that,with increasing temperature,the average number of hydrogen bond in water decreased,and the average geometrical configuration of water molecules changed regularly,bond length became shorter and(H—O—H) angle became larger.The changes were remarkable around the supercritical point.The microscopic structures of sub-critical and super-critical water were different from that of ambient water.The calculated self-diffusion coefficients of water agreed well with the experimental ones within less than 5 percent relative error.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 160-165 [
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166
Simulation on the Natural Frequency of Finned Tubes in Heat-Exchangers
ZHU Yu-feng,TAN Wei,NIE Qing-de
Finned tubes are widely used in heat-exchangers due to high efficiency in the process of heat transfer.Traditionally the natural frequencies of finned tubes are calculated by some approximate methods,however,which have an influence on the precision.FEM was applied to establish the modals of finned tubes with single span and double spans,the natural frequencies and corresponding modal shapes were obtained through modal analysis.Meanwhile,the experimental data on natural frequencies of finned tubes determined by R.D.Blevins were in fairly good agreement with the results of FEM.These can provide a reference on how to determine the natural frequencies of finned tubes,and help to select the finned tubes with appropriate size in the application of engineering.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 166-170 [
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171
Development of Ecological Factors for Nitrosification Denitrification
PU Gui-bing,ZHEN Wei-dong,SUN Ke-wei
The technology of biological nitrogen removal by nitrosification denitrification(ND),which has been developing a few years,is the combination between the oxidation of ammonia and the deoxidation of nitrite.In terms of ecological factors,the development of ecological factors(biological factors and abiological factors) for the ND system was summarized.Moreover,the future application prospect and further study trend of aerobic denitrification were proposed.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 171-176 [
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177
Development and Application of the Flame Retardants for Plastic
JI Wei,WANG Jian,DONG Qun,ZHANG Xue-jia
The mechanism and process of plastic burning were introduced and the basic theory and the category of flame retardants were summarized,especially the application in plastic was discussed.At last,the developing tendency of the flame retardants were prospected.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 177-182 [
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183
Progress in Mechanism of Passivation for Presulfided Hydrogenation Catalysts
GAO Shan-bin~1,DONG Qun~1,LIU Bin~2,KAN Wei~1,WANG Hong-liang~1
By means of passivation process,the self-heating characteristic and stripping of sulfur of presulfided hydrogenation catalysts can be suppressed effectively,the storage and transportation become more convenient and can keep the activity of catalysts.In this paper,the passivation types and mechanism,such as the effect of active site,interaction between carriers and Mo,assistants,etc,on the activity of the passivated catalysts during the process of gas passivation were introduced,and the mechanism of liquid passivation process were discussed simply.
2008 Vol. 25 (2): 183-188 [
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2008 Vol. 25 (2): 189-189 [
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