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Current Issue
2010 Vol.27 Issue.5,
Published 2010-12-08
Article
Article
377
Synthesis of PE-b-PEO Block Copolymer and Its Pervaporation Separation of Aromatic/Aliphatic Mixtures
DU Yu-Sheng, ZHANG Chun-Qing, LI Zhan-Sheng, LI Yang
The poly(ethylene-b-ethylene oxide)(PE-b-PEO) block copolymers with various degrees of polymerization for PEO were prepared by hydrogenation of poly(butadiene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers(PB-b-PEO),which were synthesized by anionic polymerization.The copolymers were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography(GPC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR).The block copolymer membranes were prepared by hot press moulding and were applied in the pervaporation separation of toluene/heptane mixtures.The effect of degree of polymerization for PEO on the performance of the membrane was investigated.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 377-380 [
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381
Preparation and Properties of Blend Microspheres of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Sodium Alginate
FENG Chao-Yang, CUI Yuan-Yuan, KANG Xiao-Mei, CHENG Li-Ping, ZHANG Zhi-Bin, LU Qun-
Novel PVA-SA based microspheres,prepared by polymers solution blending method,were developed for the delivery of drug.The parameters such as the concentration of SA,PVA and CaCl
2
,mass ratio of PVA to SA and dry method were adjusted to improve the properties of blend microspheres.The water content,swelling rate,drug loading rate,entrapment efficiency and PTIR analysis were carried out to characterize the composite microspheres.The effects of the ratio of PVA to SA of blend microspheres on the sustained release behavior were also discussed.The results show that,when SA concentration is 6%,PVA concentration is 10% and CaCl2 concentration is 5%,and the mass ratio of PVA and SA is 1∶3,blend microspheres with excellent properties can be prepared.The microspheres have high drug loading rate of 30.24%,entrapment efficient of 90.11%,good sustained release behavior and may be used as a special drug delivery system.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 381-386 [
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387
Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles from Ethyl Silicate in Reverse Microemulsions
FAN Yan-Ling, LIU Yi-Fang, LV Xue-Li , MENG Fan-Cheng, SHI Meng-Qi, ZHANG Xiang-Lan
Reverse microemulsion of NP-5 /cyclohexane / water system was prepared,and the ternary phase diagram was drawn.The silica nanoparticles were synthesized by controlling hydrolysis of ethyl silicate(TEOS) in the recerse microemulsion.The effects of H2O /NP-5 molar ratio(R) and H2O /TEOS molar ratio(H) on the size of the resulting silica particles were studied.The morphologies of prepared samples were characterized by SEM,and the size and particle distribution were confirmed by laser granulometry.The results show that the synthesized particles are amorphous sphere silica particles with the size of 200—500 nm.The average particle size of silica determined by laser granulometry is increased with both increasing R and H.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 387-390 [
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391
Thermal Equilibrium and Characters of Fluid Resistance in CH_4-CO_2 Reforming Reactor
ZHANG Yong-Fa, WANG Li-Xiu
Based on the properties of carbonaceous catalyst,composition of feed gas and the size parameters of reforming reactor,heat and material balance of reactor were established.Because of irregular carbonaceous catalyst with size distribution,the fluid resistance in reforming reactor has been studied.The results indicate that: 1) The generated heat of CO and H2O is the main source of release of heat,accounting for 71.03% of heat input.The main heat absorption reaction is the transformation of CO2 and CH4,whose heat is about 33.54% of heat output.The heat of high temperature gases is about 54.11% and heat dissipation is 13.51%;2) Fluid resistance of carbon catalyst beds is the main part of the fluid resistance in reforming reactor.The bigger carbonaceous catalyst particle is,the smaller fluid resistance of carbonaceous catalyst bed is.The best granulometric composition of carbonaceous catalyst is 25—35 mm of 80%,15—25 mm of 15% and 5—15 mm of 5%,and fluid resistance of carbonaceous catalyst bed is 313.5 Pa /m.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 391-396 [
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397
Study on Gas Holdup of the Riser in the Three-Phase Multi-Compartment Airlift Loop Reactor
SUN Shou-Hua, LU Meng-Meng, LIU Yong-Min
The effects of superficial gas velocity and solid loading on gas holdup of the riser were investigated for the system of air-water-(K-resin) particles in multi-compartment airlift loop reactor,comprising a vertical column divided into four channels.The results showed that the gas holdup of one specified riser increased obviously with the increasing of the superficial gas velocity of the one specified channel and decreased slightly with that of other riser.The gas holdup of the riser decreased obviously with the increasing of the solid loading.Under the bubble flow regime,the model of the gas holdup of riser was established based on the drift-flux expression.The average relative error of gas holdup of the riser between calculated values and experimental values was 6.429%.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 397-401 [
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402
Synthesis of N-butyl Acrylate Catalyzed by Hβ Zeolite
WANG Bao-Yu, CUI Xiao-Yan, SHEN Jian
N-butyl acrylate was synthesized with Hβ zeolite as catalyst and acrylic acid,butanol as raw materials.The effects of catalyst roasting temperature,reaction time,reaction temperature,raw material mole rate and amount of catalyst on the coversion of acrylic acid were studied.The results showed the conversion of acrylic acid was 57.99% under the optimum condition of roasting temperature 450 ℃,reaction time 2 h,reaction temperature 160 ℃,the mole ratio of butanol to acrylic acid 2,mass fraction of catalyst 0.08 based on raw materials.The reusing experiments showed that Hβ zeolite was stable.The catalyst,as one of the solid acid catalyst,is suitable for synthesis of N-butyl acrylate.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 402-405 [
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406
Solvent Selection for Separating N-ethylethylenediamine-Ethylenediamine System by Extractive Distillation
HUANG Xue-Li, LI Yong-Xia, OU Chuan-Qi , LI Hui
Based on modified UNIFAC model and MATLAB,a program has been developed for calculating the relative volatility of extractive distillation.According to the basic principle for selecting solvent for separating azeotrope system by extractive distillation,the soluble capacity,the relative volatility and the regenerative performance of solvent,the suitable solvents for separating ethylenediamine-N-ethylethylenediamine system by extractive distillation have been determined.The results show that the suitable solvents are ethylene glycol and glycerol,in which glycerol is better.When ethylene glycol and glycerol are solvents,N-ethylethylenediamine will become volatile component.At the same time,the effects of different raw material compositions and solvent ratio on the relative volatility were discussed.The results show that solvent ratio is one of the most important factors.The bigger the solvent ratio is,the greater the relative volatility of system is.The effect of raw material composition on relative volatility is weak.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 406-410 [
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411
Influence of Additives on the Generation Characteristics of CO_2 Hydrate
YU Hui-Jun, WANG Shu-Li, SONG Qi
CO2 gas is responsible for greenhouse effect.Putting CO2 into seabed with the hydrate method can reduce CO2 gas and greenhouse effect,and not pollute environment.Consequently,the generation characteristics and physical property of CO2 hydrate,how to reduce its phase equilibrium point and accelerate formation rate are investigated.Based on experiments,the effects of the concentrations of additives SDS,SDBS,SDS-SDBS complex on CO2 hydrate phase equilibrium point were analyzed.The experimental results show that CO2 hydrate phase equilibrium point varies with temperature,the type and concentration of additives.Even in the same type,the optimum concentration also varies with temperature.The generation characteristics of CO2 hydrate had been analyzed simply and summarized.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 411-414 [
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415
Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Frutus aurantii immaturus by Pressurized Liquid Extraction
ZHU Qing-Shu, ZHAO Wen-Ying, JIN Qing, ZHANG Dan-Dan, WEN You-Ying
The extraction process of flavonoids from Frutus aurantii immaturus using pressurized extraction(PE) was studied and compared with reflux extraction.Parameters affecting PE procedure such as the concentration of ethanol,solid-liquid ratio,temperature,pressure,time,and material size were discussed and optimized by orthogonal test.The results show that the optimized conditions are as follows: the extraction solvent is 40%(v /v)ethanol aqueous solution,the material size is 60 mesh,ratio of mass of raw material to volume of extraction solvent is 1∶ 20,extraction temperature is 130 ℃,extraction for 20 min under pressure of 500 kPa.The recovery of extraction could reach 4.16 ﹪ with the extraction rate of 2.08 mg /(g·min).With reflux extraction under the same solid-liquid ratio of extraction solvent,the recovery of extraction is 3.44% with the extraction rate of 0.19 mg /(g·min).PE can obviously increase the recovery of extraction.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 415-419 [
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Experiential Study on Regeneration of Asphalt Curing Agent
HU Yang, DUAN Ning-Ning, WANG Lei, LI Dan-Dong, SHI Wei-Wei, LI Hai-Tao, FAN Bao-Qiang
To address the problem of aging asphalt road,new recycling agent was obtained and was added to the aging bitumen in rotating thin film oven.By contrasting the softening point,penetration and ductility,the optimal and the proper dosage of recycling agent were chosen.Results show that the recycling agent can heal the small fracture in asphalt road.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 420-423 [
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424
Reaction of Selective Oxidation of Toluene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
YANG Mei-Jian, ZHANG Guang-Xin, TAO Min-Li
The solubility of reactants and products were studied in scCO2,and the results showed that the toluene had a high solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide,and toluene-CO2 system could form single phase under the reaction condition.The solubility of benzyl alcohol,benzaldehyde,and benzoic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide reduced with the polarity enhanced.The synthesis of benzaldehyde could be realized in higher selectivity due to the different solubility of the oxidation products.Furthermore,the effect of reaction time,pressure,temperature,and the molar ratio of toluene and oxygen on the reaction selectivity were also studied.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 424-428 [
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429
Application of Single Striping Tower in the Treatment of Wastewater from Lurgi Gasification
MENG Xiang-Qing, MA Dong-Yun
Single tower pressured stripping plant,as a new processing method,was used to treat production sewage from cleaning crude Lurgi gas containing dense phenol and ammoniain the sewage.In the tower,H2S and NH3 in the sewage exist as free molecular state in liquid,and transfer from liquid to vapor under the action of vacuum flash and steam stripping in the bottom of the tower,thus acid gas as CO2,H2S and NH3 are removed in the same pressured tower.Then the treated sewage enters into the follow-up extraction device,in which methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK)is used as extractant.The ectraction is effective because MIBK has a high distribution coefficient of unit phenol and polyphenols.The extractant can be reused after recovery by means of stripping.By new processing method,the content of phenol,ammonia,hydrogen sulfide,and pH values in the treated sewage be can reduced significantly and the cost of production can be lowered.This provides more convenience to the next biological treatment of the sewage.The new processing method is becoming an ecological and effective way for treating sewage from production of Lurgi gas.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 429-433 [
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434
Determination of Vinyl Chloride in Industry Wastewater by Gas Chromatography
MEN Juan, SHI Feng-Hong, XU Wei, CHENG Fa
A method was established to determine vinyl chloride by Shimadzu GC-14B gas chromatography(GC) with FID detector.The test conditions were optimized and the method showed good linearity from 0.005 mg /L to 2.680 mg /L,the limits of detection is 0.005 mg /L,the RSD of standard samples is 2.6%—3.7%,the recoveries of practical samples is 93%—98%.Gas vinyl chloride monomer with high purity was used as standard samples,so the method was convenient and economic.It indicated that for the vinyl chloride wastewater samples which exceeded the detection limit,the recovery of vinyl chloride could be improved by dilution more than by adding extraction reagent.The extraction method of vinyl chloride provides an experimental basis and theoretical support for the determination of vinyl chloride in industrial wastewater.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 434-437 [
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438
Optimum Design of Round Flat Cover of High Pressure Vessel with Double-Cone Seal Ring Based on Matlab
WANG Chong, HE Wen-De, LI Lin-Xin
Based on the nonlinear constraints that the bending stress of diameter direction and the comprehensive stress of double-cone seal ring in dangerous section are not exceed the allowable stress of materials,the center circle diameter Db of round flat cover main bolts and the thickness H were taken as design variables,optimum design model of the minimized volume of round flat cover of high pressure vessel with double-cone seal ring was built up with the tool of optimization with minimal of MATLAB nonlinear constraints(fmincon function).The calculation results of the example show that the optimum design is a more advanced and practical mechanical design method,and it have the certain reference value for the optimum design of high pressure flat cover with double-cone seal ring.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 438-442 [
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Advances in Mechanism for Methanol-to-Olefin Reaction
XIE Zi-Jun, ZHANG Tong-Wang, HOU Shuan-Di
There are many arguments on the methanol-to-olefin reaction as different catalysts and experimental conditions were employed by different researchers.The Carbene mechanism,radical mechanism,carbocationic mechanism and hydrocarbon-pool mechanism are the main popular mechanisms for MTO process in literatures.In this paper,the recent progress in the influence factors and different mechanisms for MTO process were reviewed and analyzed.It is pointed out that the hydrocarbon-pool mechanism is the most acceptable mechanism for MTO process.By applying this mechanism to explain the experimental phenomena,it is further concluded that it is more applicable than other mechanisms.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 443-449 [
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Progress in Bromine Extracting Technology
ZHANG Hui-Feng, WANG Guo-Qiang, CAI Rong-Hua, LIU Wei, YAO Ying, GAO Shu-Bao, ZHANG Yu-Shan
During the past few years,the concentration of bromine in bromine-bearing resource in China is dropping quickly.However,air blow-out technique,as the main extracting bromine technology in China,has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and narrow temperature range of application,and it is not profitable if the concentration of bromine in feed is becoming lower.Hence,aiming at developing an extracting bromine technology with lower energy consumption and wide range of application,some novel techniques,such as ion exchange resin adsorption,gas membrane process,emulsion liquid membrane,agitated bulb membrane absorption and high gravity air stripping technology,are presented.In this paper,based on a brief analysis of current bromine production process including steaming-out technique and air blow-out technique,the progress in some novel bromine extracting technologies mentioned above are reviewed.The advantages and further study directions of these technologies are discussed.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 450-456 [
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Progress in Separation of Rare Alkali Metals Cesium
WANG Ying, ZHANG Yu-Shan, HUANG Xi-Ping
Cesium,a rare alkalicent metal,is of a wide range of applications in modern hi-tech area.The research on cesium attracts more and more attention now.In this paper,the applications and up-to-date extraction separation technology of Cs such as precipitation,ion-exchange,and extraction are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are introduced.It was proposed that the novel extraction reagents and porous ion-exchange materials would be focused on future research for separation of cesium,and the basic research was needed to provide useful information for theoretical and experimental research.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 457-464 [
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Progress on Process Technology of Polypropylene
SHA Yu
Firstly,this article reviews the international and domestic R&D status of catalyst,process technology and product development of polypropylene(PP).According to these development trends,the domestic R&D institutions of polypropylene technology should focus their studies on two cases.One is to develop critical equipment to increase the productivity and to reduce consumption of the energy and raw material,and the other is to strengthen the cooperation of process,product and catalyst research institution to development newly and high-performance PP product.
2010 Vol. 27 (5): 465-470 [
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