Hydrogenation and ring opening of decalin over low n(Si)/n(Al) ratio acid catalysts HY[n(Si)/n(Al)=3.2], Beta [n(Si)/n(Al)=9.7]zeolite and bifunctional catalysts Pt-HY, Pt-Beta was investigated in a autoclave stirred reactor. The influences of pore structure, acidity, Pt addition and reaction temperature on the catalytic conversion of decalin and the products selectivity were studied. A higher conversion of decalinand yield of dehydrogenation condensation products (DHC) were obtained on Beta zeolite due to its strong BrØnsted acidities. An enhancement of isomerization and initial ring opening rates was observed in the presence of platinum, resulting in an increased conversion of decalin and ring opening products/isomers ratio (ROP/Iso). Meanwhile, the dehydrogenation-condensation reaction was restrained over the Pt-Beta catalyst. As the reaction temperature increased, the initial activity of the catalysts and the conversion of decalin increased. A decreased selectivity of isomers and ring opening products and increased ROP/Iso were observed on HY zeolite.

In this paper, the calcium-based sorbent was synthesized through the template method. The carbon sphere prepared by hydrothermal technique was selected as the template, followed by the hydrolysis of urea on the surface of the sphere. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the cyclic adsorption performance of the sorbent at 600℃ was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The suitable hydrothermal time and the temperature for hydrolysis were 6 h and 80℃, respectively. The sorbent exhibited excellent performance with a high initial capacity of 74% and kept nearly unchanged for 15 cycles.

Ni₂P/SiO₂ was prepared by temperature programmed reduction from SiO₂-supported nickel phosphate. The influence of precursor calcination temperature on the structure and performance of Ni₂P/SiO₂ catalysts for deoxygenation of methyl laurate to undecane and dodecane was investigated by means of H₂-temperature programmed reduction(H₂-TPR), X-Ray diffractions(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), N₂ adsorption, CO adsorption and NH₃-temperature programmed desorption(NH₃-TPD). With increasing calcination temperatures of the precursors from 400℃ to 800℃, the specific surface area and the pore volume of the Ni₂P/SiO₂ catalyst first remained unchanged and then decreased, Ni₂P crystallite size increased and catalyst acidity decreased. In addition, in the deoxygenation of methyl laurate, the deoxygenation activity of the Ni₂P/SiO₂ catalysts first increased and then decreased. The Ni₂P/SiO₂ catalyst which was prepared from the precursor calcined at 500℃ had higher deoxygenation activity. In addition, the molar ratio of undecane and dodecane did not change obviously at low calcination temperature of precursor and then decreased at high calcination temperature of precursor. The calcination temperature of precursor affected the deoxygenation pathway of methyl laurate on the prepared Ni₂P/SiO₂ catalyst. The deoxygenation pathway is mainly determined by the Ni₂P crystallite size and catalyst acidity.

The synthetic technology of 4-sulfamoylaniline with acetyl aniline via chloro-sulfonation, amination and hydrolysis process was improved. The hydrogen chloride gas generated in the chloro-sulfonation process was absorbed into 30% hydrochloric acid and the hydrochloric acid could be sold as by-product to make profits; one part of the spent acid generated in the chloro-sulfonation process was used to adjust the pH of reaction mixture after the hydrolysis process, the other was used for the acidification process of dihydroxynaphthalene in our company; the 4-sulfamoylaniline solution was concentrated to increase the product yield, and the final 4-sulfamoylaniline mother liquor was used for the decomposition reaction of chloro-sulfonation products; most of the inorganic salts generated in the concentration process of 4-sulfamoylaniline mother liquid was sodium chloride, which could be used as frozen brine;the condensate water generated in the concentration of 4-sulfamoylaniline mother liquid was used to wash ASC. After the improvement of synthetic technology, the yield of 4-sulfamoylaniline was increased from 69.0% (for industry) to 72.5%, the cost was decreased correspondingly and the less waste was discharged.

In this work, supported nickel-based perovskite catalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method, and its catalytic activities for ammonia decomposition were evaluated. The structure and surface properties of catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, BET and TEM. The results show that the catalyst of LaNiO₃/MCM-41 has good catalytic performance. The effective active sites are increased and the catalytic performance is improved. The catalyst of LaNiO₃/MCM-41 with the loading of 20% NiO has better catalytic performance than that of single LaNiO₃. Not only the catalytic activity can be improved, but also the amount of active component is greatly reduced, thus the production costs are lowered. Above all, LaNiO₃/MCM-41 is promising for application.

In this paper, atorvastatin calcium form I was prepared from atorvastatin lactone. Form Ⅱ was obtained through the slurring experiment of form I. Forms I and Ⅱ were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, KF water content analysis, thermal analysis and isothermal moisture absorption analysis. The results indicate that forms I and Ⅱ are both trihydrate; Form I contains two channel water and one isolated site water in its crystal lattice; Form Ⅱ is channel hydrate.

Ethylene-Vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) is easy to burn and the combustion products contain large amounts of carbon monoxide. Mn-Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like compound intercalated by the carbonate anions, stearate anions, borate anions, dodecyl sulfonate anions and the mixture of these anions were prepared by microwave crystallization method. FT-IR and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the samples were synthesized successfully. Then, the modified hydrotalcite and EVA were combined to constitute the composite material, whose flame retardant performance and mechanical properties were further investigated. The results showed that the modified hydrotalcite was favorable to the flame retardant performance of EVA while the varied anions and their mixtures affect the elongation at break and tensile strength of EVA.

An improved two-step method was introduced to prepare zeolite beta membranes, by which the seeding layer was firstly spin-coated on α-Al₂O₃ support and then it was crystallization in synthesis gel without fluoride and flowed with fluoride at 140℃ for 7 days successively. The beta zeolite membrane with thickness of about 3 μm is smooth and continuous, prefering to (h0l) orientation, covering the support completely and grasping the support firmly. After removing the organic template under 450℃, the quality of the membranes was evaluated by means of pervaporation tests. The experiments suggested that the membranes almost had no defects.

Thermal management is important to ensure the safe operation and prolong life-span of a lithium-ion battery pack. In order to realize efficient thermal management of lithium-ion battery pack, a novel cooling method coupling metal fins and air flow is proposed. A three-dimensional-dynamic model is used to simulate the temperature profile in a lithium-ion battery. It is shown that the coupling of metal fins and air flow is much more superior to common air cooling in terms of controlling the maximum temperature of the battery and decreasing the energy consumption. The mechanism of cooling enhancement by fins is discussed. The thermal conductivity of the fins proves to be a critical factor which determines the cooling effect.

In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) was applied for shell-side heat transfer and flow resistance analysis of shell-and-tube heat exchangers with non-continuous helical baffles. Heat exchangers with three helical angles and two types of tubes were experimentally investigated. One of the commonly used types of neural networks, the multilayer perception (MLP), was trained with limited experimental data. The genetic algorithm (GA) was employed to optimize the initial weights and biases of the MLP network, which showed more accuracy in prediction. Different network configurations were also studied to search for a relatively better network for the prediction. Comparisons with the correlations demonstrate the superiority of the MLP-GA network. Furthermore, the network yielded agreeable results when it was used for predicting the shell-side heat transfer rate and pressure drop outside the range of the experiments. It is recommended that the MLP-GA combined method might be used to predict the thermal and hydraulic performance of shell-and-tube heat exchangers with helical baffles.

In order to meet the demand for the development of the solar industry, this paper proposed a new type of polycrystalline silicon reduction furnace. The new reduction maked several improvements on the basis of the traditional Siemens reduction furnace: 1)Add heat pipes with highly polished outside faces; 2)Add a sleeve inside the furnace at the central outlet; 3)Add three interpolation inlets. The velocity and temperature fields were simulated by using computational fluid dynamic method. The simulation result of the flow field showed that the sleeve structure played an important role in collecting reductive gas making it easier to come through the central outlet; the result of the temperature simulation showed that the interpolation inlet promoted the update of the reductive gas at the top of the furnace; the highly polished surfaces of the thermotube reflected heat radiation by silicon rod, reduced the environment temperature of the reduction furnace,prevented the production of silicon powder successfully and was more conducive to the growth of silicon rods.

Attrition of vapor-liquid-solid flow against the wall of a graphite heating tube was experimentally studied in the three-phase fluidized bed evaporator with signal acquisition and processing system. Time series data of vibration acceleration of the tube were acquired. Standard deviation and kurtosis of the vibration signals were analyzed to evaluate the radial collision strength of solid particles on the tube wall. The relationship between measured circulating flow rate and axial friction impact degree of solid particles against tube wall was also studied. The weight and elemental analysis of the attrition products were analyzed. Combined with the results mentioned above, the influence factors of wear rate of graphite tube wall impacted by glass beads were discussed. The main results are as follows. The mass wear rate of graphite tube wall increases with the increase of heating steam pressure and solid holdup. Under the same conditions of steam pressure and solid holdup, the wear of graphite tube is more serious for the smaller diameter of particles. Kurtosis of acceleration signals shows that the impact frequency of particles on the wall of tube is the main influence factor of wear rate of graphite tube wall. The results of this study can provide some guidelines for the application of three-phase fluidized bed heat exchanger technique to system of graphite tube heat exchanger.

To establish the relationship between rotating speed of the rotor of hydro-drive rotary energy recovery device(HRERD) used in seawater desalination process and system flow, this article theoretically and experimentally derived the changing rules of rotating speed of a HRERD with specific geometric dimensions. The momentum theorem was utilized to establish the relationship between kinetic moment of the rotor caused by fluid's hydraulic impact and rotating speed. Newton's law of viscosity was utilized to establish the relationship between resisting moment of peripheral and end faces of the rotor caused by fluid's viscous drag and rotating speed based on infinitesimal method. Then the equilibrium relation between the kinetic and resisting moment of the rotor at its stable phase was utilized to derive a theoretical formula between rotating speed and system flow. Theoretical and experimental rotating speeds at 4.4 m³·h^-1, 5.0 m³·h^-1, 6.0 m³·h^-1, 7.1 m³·h^-1 were then compared and analyzed. Results show that the theoretical rotating speeds are slightly larger than the experimental rotating speeds, and the relative errors between them are no more than 12%. This article also analyzed and explained the reasons for the relative errors.

Silicone thermally conductive gaskets were prepared using two-component RTV-silicone rubber as the matrix, Al₂O₃ and Al(OH)₃ as the fillers. Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the gaskets were tested, and factors that affect the amount of oil bleeding were analyzed. The results showed that thermal conductivity and hardness of silicone rubber increased with fillers content increased, however oil bleeding decreased. When adding the same amount of fillers, the ratio of functional group r[r=n(Si-Vi)/n(Si-H)] value had great effect on the oil bleeding of silicone thermally conductive gaskets. The effects of four different r values on oil bleeding were investigated, and the amount of oil bleeding increased with r values increased. When r was 3.25, incomplete crosslinking phenomenon occurred. When r value was the same, the gaskets with high crosslink density had low amount of oil bleeding.

The molecule structure, properties and the protection mechanism of polyaniline (PANI) are reviewed. The protection mechanism of polyaniline may be ascribed to its barrier, passivation and high oxidation potentials. The reversible oxidation state changes of PANI between reductions, oxidation states may be helpful to metallic passivation. The metallic passivation facilitated by PANI can induce a dense passive oxide layer on the surface of the metal which prevents the metal from further corrosion. And polyaniline can increase the oxidation potential and decrease the dissolution rate of the metal by oxidizing itself. So, polyaniline can be used as the corrosion inhibitor, coating and the composite coating additive to protect the metal from erosion. The progress of polyaniline and its derivatives in the corrosion protective field is discussed and what needs to be done more deeply concerning polyaniline is proposed.

Compact layers used to prevent the electron recombination are introduced onto the fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)glass by a spin-coating method. Dodecylamine hydrochloride as morphology control agent for the synthesis of 8-10 nm TiO₂ compact layer particles via sol-gel method is developed. The short-circuit current density (J_sc) and solar energy conversion efficiency (η) are improved by 15.1% and 25.6%, respectively, after introducing the compact layers to DSSCs from our prepared TiO₂ sol via the spin-coating method, and no significant changes observed in the open-circuit potential (V_oc) relative to the traditional DSSCs without the compact layers. The remarkable improvements of J_sc suggest that such compact TiO₂ layers which functioned as blocking layers are effective in suppressing the recombination process between the redox electrolyte and the conductive FTO surface.

The process of purifying lipoic acid in water was studied in this paper. The surface activity of lipoic acid sodium was detected, which had a great effect on preparation of solvent-free lipoic acid. When the concentration of lipoic acid sodium was above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), micelles would be formed. Lipoic acid was wrapped up in the micelles, which was not conducive to crystallization and the polymerization of lipoic acid could be performed more easily. When the concentration of lipoic acid sodium was reduced to below the CMC by adding more water, the yield of lipoic acid would be increased obviously. The CMC of lipoic acid sodium was 0.253 mol/L which was measured by the conductivity method, and the corresponding quantity of water was 19.2 times. The result was in agreement with the best quantity of water in the purification experiments.