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Current Issue
2011 Vol.28 Issue.4,
Published 2011-07-15
Article
Article
1
Preparation of Nano-Crystalline SmFeO
3
Film and Its Gases Sensitivity to Gasoline-Methanol Mixture
SHEN En-Hua, JI Hui-Ming, TANG Xu-Wen, ZHANG Hua
Perovskite type SmFeO
3
film was synthesized by a modified solgel method using soluble inorganic salts of Sm(NO
3
)
3
·6H
2
O and Fe(NO
3
)
3
·9H
2
O as raw materials. Based on the synthesized nano-crystalline SmFeO
3
films, indirectly heated gas sensors were fabricated. The changes of precursor during sintering were analyzed by TG-DSC. The crystal phases were characterized by XRD, and the film surface topography were performed by SEM. The experiments showed 30 nmcrystalsize SmFeO
3
of perovskite type with uniform particle size was obtained when the sintering temperature was 750 ℃. The sensitivity tests of the sensors to gasolinemethanol mixture gases showed: SmFeO
3
materials had a good sensitivity to gasoline-methanol mixture gases with 15%—85% methanol, and both the response time and the recover time were less than 5 seconds. This work provides the foundation to promote the applications of gasolinemethanol mixture fuel to automobile.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 1-4 [
Abstract
] (
3405
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
1647KB] (
1903
)
5
Relationship Between Toluene Adsorption Capacity and Pore Structure of Activated Carbon
LIU Wei, LI Li-Qing, LIU Zheng, SUN Zheng, YAO Xiao-Long, GU Qing-Wei, SHI Rui
Characterization of four activated carbons (which were chosen from four companies) were tested by nitrogen adsorption, toluene adsorption experiments were carried out at the concentration 7.537 g/m
3
, temperature 298.15 K. The adsorption of toluene can be correlated with pore volume and specific surface area of activated carbon. Linearregression analysis between the pore volume of different aperture and the adsorption capacity for toluene was conducted and checked by linear correlation R. The results showed that: Nitrogen isotherm adsorption indicated that these four activated carbons all had microporous adsorption characteristics; both pore structure and specific surface area of activated carbon could directly influence toluene adsorption capacity, toluene adsorption capacity increased with pore volume and specific surface area of activated carbons. Linear relationship between pore volume and toluene adsorption capacity was obvious, and the linear dependency Rwas the biggest when aperture was 0.8—2.4 nm.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 5-10 [
Abstract
] (
5030
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
1910KB] (
2575
)
11
Amine-Functionalized Mesoporous Materials as Carriers for Adsorption and Controlled Drug Delivery of Ibuprofen
CHEN Lei, ZHANG Fan, SHAO Xin-Chao, LIANG Jun-Hu, SONG Li-Juan
Mesoporous materials were modified with amine groups after synthesis, the functionalized MCM-41 and SBA-15 were investigated as matrix for adsorption and controlled drug delivery. The structure, composition and framework of the matrix were characterized by infrared spectrometer (IR) and intelligent gravitation analyzer (IGA). MCM-41-NH
2
showed higher loading capacity of IBU than SBA-15-NH
2
. Releasing experiments showed, IBU released more slowly from two medium at pH=2.0, and released more slowly from S-NH
2
-IBU than that from M-NH
2
-IBU, while faster from S-NH
2
-IBU than that from M-NH
2
-IBU at pH=4.0. But IBU released relatively faster at pH=7.4, IBU released faster form S-NH
2
-IBU than that from M-NH
2
-IBU. Different releasing rates may result from the different morphology and pore structure of the carrier particles.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 11-15 [
Abstract
] (
5209
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
1103KB] (
2118
)
16
Technology and Kinetics of Leaching Al from Mixed Explosive
JI Wen-Su, DING Yu-Kui, LI Jin-Ming, TAO Qing-Qing
The technology and reaction kinetics of leaching Al from the mixed explosive were investigated. The effects of temperature, H
2
SO
4
concentration, size of explosive and stirring strength on reaction were discussed. The results show that suitable extraction technology is: reaction temperature between 40 ℃ and 50 ℃, sulfuric acid concentration 0.8 mol/L, size of explosive 50 meshes. The process of leaching Al can be described by shrinking unreacted core model and meet kinetic equation g(
x
)=1-(1-
x
)
1/3
=
kt
. The leaching kinetics was contolled by chemical reaction, and appearance activation energy is 42.392 kJ/mol. Linear regression analysis was applied and found that the apparent reacting rate constant was directly proportional to the concentration of H
2
SO
4
(
c
0
) and the size of explosive(1/
r
0
2
).
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 16-21 [
Abstract
] (
3223
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1725KB] (
1998
)
22
Metastable Equilibrium of Nitrate in Quaternary System Na
+
, K
+
// NO
3
–
, Cl
–
-H
2
O at 298 K
LIU Na, FENG Ting, HUANG Xue-Li
Metastable equilibrium of univariant curve of NaNO
3
-KNO
3
and the influence of humidity in the quaternary system Na
+
, K
+
//Cl
-
, NO
-
3
-H
2
O were studied at 298 K by isothermal evaporation method. According to the experimental data, metastable equilibrium didn’t occur obviously in the univariant curve of NaNO
3
-KNO
3
not only at lower humidity but also at higher humidity.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 22-25 [
Abstract
] (
1740
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
584KB] (
1928
)
26
Optimization of Extraction of Coix Seed Oil and Kinetic Models
YUE Li, ZHAO Wen-Ying, WEN You-Ying, HUANG Qiao-Yan
The orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of ultrasoundassisted extraction of coix seed oil, and the mathematic model was built to fit the experimental data. The results showed the optimal extraction conditions were: the size of coix lacrymajobi was 0180 mm; temperature was 60 ℃; the ratio of material to liquid was 1.0∶55; the extraction time was 50 min, and the yield of extraction was 6.348%, RSD=1.76%(
n
=3). The kinetic model is ln
C
=
λ
+
γ
ln
t
, the linear correlation coefficient (
R
) is greater than 0.9966 The regression of the mathematical model is effective and can be applied to controlling the extraction process optimization of coix seed oil.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 26-29 [
Abstract
] (
2123
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
643KB] (
2097
)
30
Process Improvement on Synethsis of 2-Methyl-4-Trifluoro-Methyl-5-Thiazolyl Acid
XIAO Jie, LI Wei, ZHOU Xue-Qin, LIU Dong-Zhi
2-chloro-4, 4, 4-trifluoro-acetyl ethyl acetate 3 was obtained by 4-trifluoroacetyl ethyl acetate 2 and sulfuryl chloride, 2-methyl-4-trifluoro-methyl-5-thiazolyl acid 1 in total yield of 72.3% was obtained by acidification of 2-ethyl-4-trifluoro-methyl-5-thoxycarbonylthiazole 4 which was synthesized by 3 and thioacetamide in acetonitrile with triethylamine. The structure of 1〖 was confirmed by
1
H NMR, IR and MS.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 30-33 [
Abstract
] (
1892
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
683KB] (
2118
)
34
Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethylene over WO
3
/HZSM-5
HU Tong-Yu, GUO Cui-Li, ZHANG Jin-Li
A series of WO
3
/HZSM-5 catalysts with different WO
3
loadings were prepared by impregnation method. The effects of WO
3
loadings and reaction conditions on dehydration of ethanol to ethylene were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorptiondesorption and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). The results showed that doping a small quantity of WO
3
would not destroy the framework structure of HZSM-5 while the surface acidity greatly changed. The activity for ethanol dehydration depended on the acid sites on the catalyst surface, and the increasing the ratio of weak acid sites to strong acid sites would improve the activity for ethanol dehydration. The best catalytic performance was obtained over 10% WO
3
/HZSM-5. Under the optimized reaction temperature of 300 ℃and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 9.8 h
-1
, the ethanol conversion and the ethylene selectivity of 10% WO
3
/HZSM-5 were up to 100%.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 34-38 [
Abstract
] (
2262
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
981KB] (
1921
)
39
Preparation of Epichlorohydrin from Biomass Glycerol
Ou Lan-Ying , LAN Zhi-Li, YIN Du-Lin, LI Shun
Epichlorohydrin was prepared by chlorination and cyclization from biomass glyserol When phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid resin, acetic acid, acetonitrile and adipic acid were used as catalysts respectively, effects of reaction time, temperature, catalyst composition on the yield of intermediate dichloropropanol and the reaction rate were investigated And the catalytic mechanism was also discussed. The results show that the combination of adipic acid and acetonitrile is the best catalyst. On the cyclization of dichloropropanol to epichlorhydrin, the effects of different solvents such as water, toluene, n-butyl ether, n-octanol and ethylene dichloride were studied, and the optimum reaction temperature 95 ℃ and time 2.5 h of the cyclization were obtained, the yield of epichlorohydrin was up to 95% in solvent toluene.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 39-43 [
Abstract
] (
2372
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1546KB] (
1985
)
44
Optimal Extraction of Polysaccharides Polygonatum by Cellulase with Central Composite Design-Response Surface Methodology
LI Zhi-Hui, HUANG Shan, YU Na, GONG Yan-Ling
Based on central composite design and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction of Polygonatum polysaccharides by cellulase was investigated Experiment factors and levels were firstly selected by one factor tests Independent variables were the enzymolysis temperature, the pH of extracting media and the ratio of liquid, and dependent variable was extraction rate of polysaccharides in Polygonatum. Nolinear mathematic models were used to analysis the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process of extraction. Regression coefficients of binomial fitting complex model was 0.957 4, under the optimal extraction process of enzymolysis with 0.50% enzyme concentration for 120 min under 49 ℃, and 7.2 times the amount of water at pH 4.6. The yield of crude polysaccharides of Polygonatum extracted by cellulase was（16.3±0.5）% under the optimum conditions. The established model can describe the relationship between factors and index， and the outcome of prediction is good.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 44-49 [
Abstract
] (
2086
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
2292KB] (
2050
)
50
Immobilization of Acid Urease
Li-Hui-Juan , CAO Zhi-Kun, GAO Jun, YU Jian-Yong, LIU Guo-Hua
Acid urease of
Alcaligenes faecalis
was immobilized onto the gelatin crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Immobilization conditions and enzymatic properties of acid urease were determined. The optimum conditions of immobilized urease were as follows: gelatin content 15%, glutaraldehyde volume fraction 0.3%, absorption time 4 h, crosslinking time 20 min, crude enzyme volume 4 mL. Enzymatic characterizations of immobilized and free urease showed that the optimum temperature was 50 ℃ and 30 ℃, the optimum pH value was pH 4.0 and pH 5.0, respectively. Compared with free enzyme, the immobilized urease was more fit for dealing with urea waste water.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 50-54 [
Abstract
] (
1901
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
0KB] (
383
)
55
Treatment of Saline Sewage by Three-Dimensional Electrode
ZHAO Jin, WANG Jing, ZHANG Yu-Shan, WANG Shu-Xun
At present, it is concerned how to treat sewage produced by sea water direct utilization and saline sewage by the other industries. The treatment effect of saline sewage by threedimensional electrode reactor filled with activated carbon was investigated in this paper. The effects of voltage, electrolysis time, the original pH value and the dosage of insulating particle on the removal efficiency were analyzed. Results showed that it was feasible to remove COD
Cr
from saline sewage by threedimensional electrode reactor filled with activated carbon. The removal of COD
Cr
was above 80% when the voltage was 12 V, the electrolysis time was 60 min, pH value was controlled between 6—8, the mass ratio of activated carbon to glass bead was 2∶1. The experimental results can give reference for the further study on high effect treatment of saline sewage in theory.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 55-58 [
Abstract
] (
4802
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
1274KB] (
1829
)
59
Preparation of EVA Hot Melt Adhesive with Flame Retardant
JING Peng, LIU Feng, WANG Xiao-Lei, HUANG Wei, CONG Yu-Feng
The inorganic flame retardant was surface modified to enhance compatibility and dispersion within the polymer. The modified flame retardant was filled to the EVA systems and the flameretardant and mechanical properties were determined to optimize flame retardants and the addition amount. The other composition filled in the EVA hot melt was also analyzed and eventually optimal addition ratio was obtained for a green flame retardant EVA hot melt adhesive. Experimental results show that the optimum composition in flame retardant is as follows: EVA 45% (mass percentage, the same below), hydrogenated C5 petroleum resin 35%, paraffin 75%, SBS 1%, CaCO\-3 5%, flame retardants 5%, plasticizers 1%, antioxidant 05%. The prepared hot melt adhesive product can meet the domestical industrial standard, and have two major advantages of environmental protection and inflaming retarding. Therefore it will be well applicated in the fields of wood flooring, carpet and the bonding of materials with upper fire performance demanding.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 59-63 [
Abstract
] (
2805
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
969KB] (
1958
)
64
Simulation and Analysis of Condensate Recycling Process in Urea Process
DING Su-Wen, YE Feng, JIA Xin-Hai, JIE Guang-Yan, WU Ying
The hydrolytic process of urea process condensate was simulated by chemical simulation software PROII, and a suggestion of unity of the two towers to the transformation of original flow device was proposed based on simulation calculation. Compared with the old process, the new process not only can achieve process indicators requirement of urea hydrolysis, but also has several advantages, including smaller area, simpler operation, less equipment investment and lower energy consumption.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 64-68 [
Abstract
] (
4097
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
1982KB] (
1899
)
69
Progress in Preparation of Magnesium Hydroxide Powder from Concentrated Seawater and Brine
DONG Ze-Liang, ZHANG Yu-Shan, HUANG Xi-Ping, WANG Li-Cong, GUO Shu-Yuan, CAO Dong-Mei
China has abundant concentrated seawater and brine resources，their low utilization rate causes serious resources waste and environmental pollution．It is an important issue for comprehensive utilization of concentrated seawater and brine to develop effectively the magnesium resources in them．In this paper the preparation of magnesium hydroxide powder from bitter brine，salt brine or concentrated seawater were summarized considering the reasonable utilization of concentrated seawater and brine resources，and the current domestic and foreign research focusing on the development of magnesium hydroxide powder were analyzed.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 69-73 [
Abstract
] (
2946
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
685KB] (
1903
)
74
Progress in Enhanced Technologies in the Oxidative Desulfurization of Diesel
LI Yue, YANG Li-Na, LIU Zhi-Hua, XU Jun-Bo
The oxidative desulfurization of diesel is a simple process with high economic value and has attracted much attention of researchers. The recent progress in enhanced technologies in the oxidative desulfurization of diesel and its application were reviewed. The enhanced technologies mainly include ionic liquids oxidation desulfurization, ultrasonic oxidation desulfurization, microwave oxidation desulfurization, oxidation desulfurization in the external magnetic field, photocatalytic oxidation desulfurization and electrochemical oxidation desulfurization. The advantages and disadvantages of each enhanced technology were introduced. It is proposed that ionic liquids oxidation desulfurization is a green, efficient desulfurization process. The theoretical research should be further strengthened to build the foundation for industrial production.
2011 Vol. 28 (4): 74-78 [
Abstract
] (
4330
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
616KB] (
1853
)
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