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Current Issue
2022 Vol.39 Issue.4,
Published 2022-07-15
0
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 0-0 [
Abstract
] (
274
) [
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1KB] [
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802KB] (
2692
)
1
Continuous-flow synthesis process of C.I. Pigment Red 146
WANG Xudong, ZHOU Xueqin, TONG Liyin, LIU Dongzhi, LI Wei
With 3-amino-4-methoxybenzanilide(Red base KD) as diazonium component, N-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthalene amide(Naphthol AS-LC) as azo-coupling component, the tubular micromixer was applied to carry out diazotization and azo-coupling reaction, respectively, for the continuous-flow synthesis process of Pigment Red 146. The temperature, the amount of hydrochloric acid of diazotization and the temperature, pH of azo-coupling reaction were optimized. As a result, continuous-flow synthesis process was carried out at 20 ℃,
n
(HCl)∶
n
(Red base KD)=2.5∶1.0, the yield of pigment reached 97.0%, color property Δ
E
<1, and particle size was significantly smaller than that of the batch process. Compared with batch process, continuous process not only increases the yield of pigment, but also reduces the energy consumption and material cost, improves production efficiency, so it has broad prospect for industrialization.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 1-8 [
Abstract
] (
317
) [
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1KB] [
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3666KB] (
1251
)
9
A stable Ru-based ionic liquid as a catalyst for hydrochlorination of acetylene in liquid phase
YAO Shikang, ZHANG Xubin, WANG Fumin, REN Yanfei
In order to improve the catalytic activity and stability of liquid-phase acetylene hydrochlorination, a novel ruthenium(Ru) based ionic liquid was prepared as a catalyst for the liquid-phase reaction. We have studied the effects of types of ionic liquids on the catalytic activity and a kind of hydrochloride with the best activity was selected, which was prepared using N-methylpyrrolidone and HCl in one step [Hnmpo]Cl. The [Hnmpo]Cl-RuCl
3
was prepared and the optimized reaction conditions were that reaction temperature is 170 ℃, a gaseous space velocity(GHSV) of acetylene at 50 h
-1
,
V
(HCl)/
V
(C
2
H
2
)=1.15 in feed, and the activation time of filling with HCl is half an hour before reaction. The conversion of acetylene was 89.6% and the selectivity of vinyl chloride was over 99.5% within 140 hours. Through characterization and theoretical calculations by TGA, FTIR, ESI-MS, XPS, it was confirmed that there was a strong interaction between the cation and anion of the ionic liquid, and its specific form of existence was confirmed. The amount of carbon deposition in the reaction process was only 0.51%, which showed a strong stability. The RuCl
3
(0.007 5 mol·L
-1
)-SnCl
2
(0.022 5 mol·L
-1
)/[Hnmpo]Cl was prepared. At the same reaction conditions, the life tests showed that the conversion of acetylene remained above 96.1% after 700 hours of reaction time. Through analysis and theoretical calculations by ICP-OES, XPS UV-Vis, it was found that the active species Ru had almost no loss before and after the reaction and the key to determine the catalytic stability was to keep the content of high valence Ru
n
+
(3≤
n
≤4) at a high level. According to the theoretical calculations, it was found that the introduction of SnCl
2
provided new Cl atom coordination for Ru, enhancing the adsorption and activation ability of ionic liquid catalyst for HCl. The valence state of Ru species was stabilized and the reduction deactivation caused by excessive C
2
H
2
was prevented. Therefore, the bimetallic ionic liquid had more excellent catalytic activity and stability. And the mechanism of cyclic catalytic reaction was proposed.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 9-21 [
Abstract
] (
254
) [
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1KB] [
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12513KB] (
657
)
22
Synthesis and characterization of novel polyethylene-
g
-poly（lactic acid） graft copolymers
CAI Hao, WANG Xing, CHEN Xiangjian, ZHANG Kunyu, PAN Li
Herein, a series of novel polyethylene-
g
-poly(lactic acid) graft copolymers were synthesized by combination of coordination polymerization and ring-opening polymerization methods. Using ethylene, hexene and omega-undecylenyl alcohol random copolymer as main chain, we successfully introduced the bio-polyester PLA as the side grafting chain initiated by hydroxyl group. By optimizing the reaction conditions and monomer ratio, the main chain structure and side chain length of the graft copolymer can be adjusted accordingly. The DSC and TGA results showed that introduction of PLA grafts confined the crystallization of PE in the main chains, which was beneficial for the ductility and processability of the copolymers. More interestingly, the break elongation of the graft copolymers increased by the PLA grafting chains. The thermal stability of the graft copolymers was mainly controlled by the main chain polyolefin. The graft copolymers showed widely potential application in toughening PLA and compatibilizing agent for the polyester blends.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 22-29 [
Abstract
] (
254
) [
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1KB] [
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4873KB] (
1329
)
30
Study on isobutane dehydrogenation catalyzed by Pt-In supported on hollow microsphere alumina
WANG Jiameng, LIU Fanji, SONG Zhen, HAN Mingxun, ZHANG Xiqing, LI Xiangxiang, ZHANG Lihong
In view of the problems of easy sintering and carbon deposition in isobutane dehydrogenation catalyst, two kinds of different alumina supports prepared by hydrothermal method were developed, which were used as the support of Pt-In catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation. The effects of the catalytic behavior on the dehydrogenation of isobutane were studied. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, NH
3
-TPD, XPS, TG-DTA and low temperature N
2
adsorption-desorption. The results show that the porous hollow microsphere alumina-supported Pt-In catalyst constructed from nanosheets has smaller Pt nanoparticles, low surface area, strong Pt-In interaction, high In
3+
/In
0
ratio and lack of strong acid sites, thereby achieving excellent isobutane dehydrogenation performance, the selectivity and yield of isobutene are as high as 93.5% and 40.3%, and the isobutane conversion can be stabilized at 43.0%. And the metal particles after reaction have no agglomeration and sintering phenomenon, showing excellent sintering and carbon deposition resistance.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 30-38 [
Abstract
] (
249
) [
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1KB] [
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12533KB] (
818
)
39
Continuous circulation system for cesium separation in acid waste liquid
LYU Huiyun, ZHAO Jingyu, JIAO Han, NA Ping
Aiming at the separation and enrichment of Cs
+
in the radioactive waste liquid produced by the process of recovering U and Pu in nuclear industry, a continuous electrodialysis enrichment and separation technology(CEEST) was designed. A series of Na[Co
9
-POM] materials were synthesized by a hydrothermal method at different temperatures, meanwhile the materials were characterized by SEM, XRD and other methods. The products' Cs
+
separation ability were evaluated. The effects of different constant current, pH of solution and the presence of coexisting ions on the Cs
+
separation process were studied. The Na[Co
9
-POM]-120 showed the best Cs
+
separation and recovery ability. More than 96% of Cs
+
could be separated and collected in highly acid condition(pH < 1) under 0.03 A current in about 150 min. The presence of coexisting ions had little effect on the separation of the Cs
+
. Therefore, a comprehensive continuous circulation system for Cs
+
separation was proposed, which successfully achieved the separation of the Cs
+
in acid radioactive waste liquid and its application advantages in industry were analyzed.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 39-49 [
Abstract
] (
255
) [
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1KB] [
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6411KB] (
925
)
50
Online characterization of seed preparation and investigation on hydrolysis kinetics of TiOSO
4
solution
WANG Kun, LU Ruifang, DANG Leping, HAO Lin, WEI Hongyuan
In view of difficulties in seed characterization, Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement(FBRM), ReactRaman and Dynamic Light Scattering were applied for the first time to detect the changes in composition and particle properties of the solution during the preparation of seed, and a proper aging time of the seed crystal with rapid nucleation as the sign of critical time is obtained. Effects of volume and aging time of seed on the kinetics of hydrolysis were investigated. It turns out that hydrolysis rate and conversion are improved when the volume of seed increases or aging time of seed is prolonged before rapid nucleation. The kinetics curve fits well with Avrami nucleation-growth equation.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 50-56 [
Abstract
] (
297
) [
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1KB] [
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5679KB] (
1227
)
57
Improving the light component of alcohol ketone tar by hydrodynamic cavitation
ZHU Ying, ZHAO Zhixi, LU Na, MA Fengyun, YE Yufang, SU Zhi
In order to improve the utilization rate of alcohol ketone tar, which was a by-product in the production of adipic acid, in this study, hydrodynamic cavitation technology was used to increase the content of light components in alcohol-ketone tar at ≤160 ℃. The effects of temperature, inlet pressure,
V
(methanol)∶
V
(water) mixed content, pH and cycle time on the lightweight of alcohol-ketone tar were investigated by single factor experiments. On the basis of single factor experiments, orthogonal experiments were used to determine the optimal operation conditions. When the temperature is 80 ℃, the inlet pressure is 2.5 MPa, the mixed content of
V
(methanol)∶
V
(water) is 1.0∶1.0, the pH is 4, and the cycle time is 70 min, the percentage change of fractions at ≤160 ℃ is 37.62%. In addition, the energy utilization in the process of hydraulic cavitation was calculated. When the inlet pressure is 2.5 MPa, the cycle time is 70 min, the total energy used to dissipate the actual energy is 5.78×10
6
kJ·m
-3
.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 57-64 [
Abstract
] (
255
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
2262KB] (
959
)
65
Experimental study on degradation of methylene blue wastewater by capillary microreactor
WANG Dong, XIA Xiaolu, LIU Huiyang, SHI Sai, YU Junnan, YU Jianfeng
In order to improve the efficiency of Fe
2+
activated sodium persulfate(SPS) to degrade methylene blue(MB), a capillary microreactor was designed. Compared to magnetic stirring and static reaction system, the effect of pH of MB and FeSO
4
mixture, FeSO
4
concentration, SPS concentration, feed flow rate and capillary length on the degradation rate of MB in the capillary microreactor were studied. The results showed that with the increase of the pH of the mixture of MB and FeSO
4
, the degradation rate of MB first increased and then decreased; with the increase of FeSO
4
concentration, the degradation rate of MB first increased and then decreased; when the SPS concentration increased from 0.2 mmol·L
-1
to 1.8 mmol·L
-1
, the MB degradation rate increased significantly. If the SPS concentration continued to increase, the MB degradation rate increased slowly. With the increase of feed flow rate and water bath temperature, the degradation rate of MB increased. With the increase of capillary length and the decrease of feed flow rate, the degradation rate of MB increased. Under the same reaction conditions, the oxidative degradation performance of the capillary microreactor is better than the magnetic stirring and static reaction system. When the concentration of MB is 0.2 mmol·L
-1
, pH of the mixture of MB and FeSO
4
is 3, FeSO
4
concentration is 1.4 mmol·L
-1
, SPS concentration is 1.8 mmol·L
-1
, feed flow rate is 1 mL·min
-1
, and capillary length is 6.32 m, the MB degradation rate can reach 85.92%.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 65-70 [
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] (
226
) [
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1KB] [
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2248KB] (
827
)
71
Adsorption of arsenic ions from water by biomass derived materials: A review
YIN Huiqing, GUO Cheng, HU Jia, GAO Xiangpeng, LI Mingyang
The removal of arsenic contamination is still one of the most important challenges and has attracted worldwide attention. The adsorption process is simple and has high adsorption potential, biomass material has the advantages of ubiquitous, abundance and reproducibility, so biomass adsorption method has been widely used in arsenic removal. In this paper, the study on the treatment of wastewater containing arsenic by biomass adsorption method is introduced from the existing form of arsenic, the oxidation adsorption of As(Ⅲ), the modification of biomass materials and the adsorption mechanism. Finally, from the perspective of research and application, the future research direction of biomass materials adsorption of arsenic is proposed.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 71-82 [
Abstract
] (
273
) [
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1KB] [
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1543KB] (
1305
)
83
Development strategy of high energy density aqueous organic flow battery
XIAO Wentao, HUANG Chengde
The aqueous organic flow battery has been developed rapidly since its appearance in 2014, especially in recent years, after the degradation and dimerization of organic electroactive substances have been initially solved, and this type of redox flow battery is expected to be a candidate for large-scale energy storage systems. However, the problem of low energy density limits its commercialization process. This article mainly introduces in detail the five method of increasing the energy density of aqueous organic redox flow batteries, such as tailoring the molecular structure, the application of "interaction-mediating" strategy, the use of polymer electroactive materials, the application of redox-targeting reactions and modification of the electrode surface from three aspects: increasing solubility, expanding electrochemical window and increasing the number of electron transfers. At the same time, the strategy to further increase the energy density of aqueous organic redox flow batteries is briefly prospected.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 83-93 [
Abstract
] (
263
) [
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1KB] [
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2696KB] (
1200
)
94
A numerical simulation of static feed alkaline water electrolysis
FEI Hongda, GE Sheng, MIN Luofu, GAO Feng, WANG Yuxin
With the advantages of sustainability, green and clean, and high energy density, hydrogen will be an important part of the energy system in low-carbon society. Using water electrolysis technology to convert renewable energy into hydrogen is an ideal way of hydrogen production. A two-dimensional numerical model of static feed alkaline water electrolysis(SFAWE) was developed for the first time in this study, taking into consideration the transport of mass, momentum, heat, charge, and their coupling with electrochemical reactions. The polarization curves under different temperatures of feed water are in fine agreement with experimental data. The rise of cell voltage due to activation, concentration polarization and ohmic loss was analyzed. The impact of the driving force and resistance of water supply on electrolysis performance was investigated. It is shown that the activation overpotential associated with the water content of the KOH electrolyte takes a considerable part in the total voltage rise, indicating the impact of water transport on the electrolytic performance. The reduction of water vapor transport resistance to the cathode and the KOH content of the electrolyte layer being slightly higher than the 30%(mass fraction) industry standard both could improve electrolysis performance. But the current density, the KOH content of the electrolyte layer, the thickness of the cathode gas gap layer and the feed water temperature should match each other to ensure that the system is under suitable operating conditions.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 94-105 [
Abstract
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269
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3561KB] (
1458
)
106
Influence of reflective inlet component on flow uniformity of gravity oil-water separator and structural optimization
LI Quan, WANG Zongyong, LIN Ruting, LI Hang, LIU Jiadong
In order to explore the influence of the structural parameters and installation methods of the reflective inlet component on the flow uniformity of the gravity oil-water separator and determine the optimal structural parameters, the Fluent software is adopted to numerically simulate the oil-water separator. The results show that as the jet distance
d
, the inflow angle
θ
and the vertical position of the inlet port
h
increase, the average uniformity of flow rate
N
increase first and then decrease. When
d
=0.075
D
,
θ
=90°,
h
=0.25
D
respectively, the maximum value of
N
is obtained, and the uniformity of the flow field of the bottom device is better than that of the top device. As the inflow Reynolds number(
Re
i
) increases, the uniformity of the flow field gradually deteriorates; the uniformity of the flow field of the bottom-mounted reflective inlet component is better than that of the down-tube box-type inlet component; the optimal value under a single parameter of the reflective inlet component is not much different from the optimization result of response surface analysis, the optimized parameters are as follows:
h
=0.25
D
,
d
=0.07
D
,
θ
=90°.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 106-115 [
Abstract
] (
227
) [
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1KB] [
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8969KB] (
879
)
116
Aggregation behavior of nonionic Gemini surfactant molecules in water
WANG Hui, XU Jinjie, DANG Leping, WEI Hongyuan
In this study, the aggregation behavior of nonionic Gemini surfactants in aqueous solution and the distribution of surfactant molecules at water-air interface were studied by combining experimental and dissipative particle dynamics simulative methods. The results show the monomer and polymer-cluster of the α, α'-[2, 4, 7, 9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4, 7-diyl]bis[
ω
-hydroxyl-poly(ethylene oxide)] with 10 EO per molecule(S-10) coexist in solutions with low concentration. With the increase of concentration, the surfactant molecules agglomerate into spherical micelles and increase in size. When the size of spherical micelles increases to a certain extent, they cannot exist stably and agglomerate into rodlike micelles. At the water-air interface, the surfactant molecules either lie vertically or horizontally at the interface, but with the increase of concentration, hydrophobic groups are vertically arranged when being inserted into the air while the EO segment shows an irregular zigzag distribution in water. With the increase of EO chain segment in length, the minimum adsorption molecular cross-sectional area of S-4, S-10 and S-30 gradually increase. This is why the wettability of the EO segment decreases as its length grows. The method of combining experiment and simulation provides a new idea for studying the aggregation behavior of nonionic Gemini surfactants, and the accuracy of the experiment can be quickly judged by the simulation results.
Guide:
2022 Vol. 39 (4): 116-126 [
Abstract
] (
225
) [
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1KB] [
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18435KB] (
1099
)
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