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Current Issue
2012 Vol.29 Issue.5,
Published 2012-09-15
Article
Article
1
Influence of Si/Al Ratio on Catalytic Cracking of
n
-Dodecane over HZSM-5 Membranes
WANG Ying, LIU Guo-Zhu, CHEN Chen, WANG Li
A series of HZSM5 membranes on the inner surface of stainless steel tubes with different Si/Al ratio were synthesized by secondary growth technique and used for catalytic cracking of supercritical
n
-dodecane. The surface properties of membranes were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (
in-situ
FT-IR). With the increase of Si/Al ratio, the HZSM-5 crystals were gradually crosslinked and the amount of Brnsted sites decreased. The sample with low Si/Al ratio gave a rapid decrease in the conversion of
n
-dodecane at the beginning of the reaction because of the high density of acid sites. An increase in the Si/Al ratio can delay the deactivation of the membranes, resulting in the significant improvement of the catalytic activity. But, the excess increase in the Si/Al ratio caused the decrease in the amount of acid sites and the increase in the density of the zeolite layer on the supports, which is unfavorable for the activity of membranes. The sample with Si/Al ratio of 125 gave the highest catalytic activity and initial stability.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 1-5 [
Abstract
] (
1487
) [
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1KB] [
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438KB] (
2345
)
6
Preparation and Capacitance Performance of MnO
2
/MCNTs Composite
ZHOU Shuai, LI Yu-Long, ZHANG Jing, HUANG Cheng-De
Acid treatment has been used for functionalizing multi-walled carbon nanotube(MCNTs), and then a binary composite of MnO
2
/MCNTs was successfully prepared by in-situ liquid chemical deposition method. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the material were characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM techniques, the electrochemical performances were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed MnO
2
/MCNTs composite oxide electrodes exhibited more excellent electrochemical properties than pure MnO
2
In addition, the diameter and length of the MWNTs influenced the electrochemical properties and surface morphology of MnO
2
/MCNTs.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 6-12 [
Abstract
] (
3345
) [
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1KB] [
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531KB] (
2480
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13
Synthesis of CMCStabilized Fe/Ni Bimetal Nanoparticles for
in situ
Reductive Dechlorination of PCB77
LIU Chang-Guang, ZHAO Lin, DING Shu, TAN Xin, YU Shun-Lei
The CMC-Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were successful synthesized with the monodispersed carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a stabilizer. The various reaction parameters were optimized. Nanoparticles, prepared with
m
(CMC)/
m
(Fe)=5 and
m
(Ni)/
m
(Fe)=0.03 at 25 ℃, showed the best degradation effect of PCB77. Near 94% of reduction efficiency was achieved by CMC-Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles for 48 h treatment, while only about 71% PCB77 was degraded by Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles. The results of XRD showed that the CMC-Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles exhibited the characteristic peaks of elemental iron and the characteristic peaks of iron oxides were not detected. It was indicated that the elemental iron of CMC-Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles was not oxidized in preparation process. The results of particle size analysis were demonstrated that the average diameter of CMC-stabilized Ni-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles was about 23.94 nm, smaller than the particle size of Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (100 nm).
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 13-17 [
Abstract
] (
1625
) [
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1KB] [
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386KB] (
2599
)
18
Synthesis and Characterization of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier
WANG Shu-Mei , GONG Jun-Bo,LI Shao-Hua, DONG Wei-Bing, GU Hui-Ke, FENG Fei
On SiO
2
nanoparticles of about 100 nm prepared by Stober method, additional layer of SiO
2
was formed using non-ionic surfactant block copolymers as template agent. The core/shell nanoparticles could be precipitated out from the solution in the presence of phosphate inducer. Furthermore the template was removed by calcination to obtain the spherical mesoporous nanocarriers with uniform size. The nanocarrier was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area measurements (BET), and nitrogen adsorption and desorption.The average effective size of nanocarriers is about 183 nm with 5.5 nm pore size and a good dispersion（PDI：0.076）. The specific surface area is as high as 158.6 m
2
/g and the pore volume is 0.22 cm
3
/g. These suggest this is a facile method to prepare nano-carriers simply and rapidly.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 18-22 [
Abstract
] (
1999
) [
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1KB] [
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527KB] (
2695
)
23
Measurement and Correlation of Solubility of LiBr in AcetoneWater Mixed Solvent
JIANG Bo, LI Mi-Yi, WANG Li-Sheng
The solubility of lithium bromide in mixed solvents of acetonewater (10%—40% mass ratio of water) was determined at the temperature between 293.15 K and 323.15 K under atmospheric pressure using a static analytical method. The solubilities of LiBr in mixed wateracetone solutions were correlated with the LIFAC model. Interaction parameters were obtained from the correlation. The average relative deviations and average absolute deviations of the calculated values from the experimental data for this system were 0.054 0 and 0.731 3%, respectively .The results show that the LIFAC model can be used to predict solubility of acetone+water+lithium bromide.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 23-27 [
Abstract
] (
2807
) [
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1KB] [
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346KB] (
2564
)
28
Effect of Ultrasound on the Distribution of Four Components of Heavy Oil
GAO Hui-Zhe, DAI Yong-Chuan, HUA Wei, ZHANG Zhan-Jun
The distributions of Saturates,Aromatics,Resins,and Asphaltenes (SARA) four components in the heavy oils are very important to heavy oil processes because they directly affected the yield and quality of products in processing technologies.To provide a basic data for further exploration of the chemical effects of ultrasound on the four components of heavy oil,the content change of four components with ultrasound was studied.The experiments explored oil temperature,ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency which affect the four components of heavy oil.The results showed that the distributions of SARA could be affected by ultrasound,the content of saturates,aromatics could be increased and resin content be decreased.In the experiments,when ultrasonic temperature was 50—60 ℃ for 15 min,ultrasonic frequency 28 kHz,ultrasonic power 200 W,compared with the raw heavy oil,the rates of saturates and aromatics were increased by 5% and 4%,and the resin and asphaltene were reduced by 2.5% and 7.5%,respectively.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 28-32 [
Abstract
] (
1548
) [
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1KB] [
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432KB] (
2481
)
33
Structural Characterization of Styrene/1Dodecene Copolymer and Its Evaluation of Drag Reducing Performance
LIU Kai, LI Hui-Ping, HUANG Wei-Li, HU Zi-Zhao
The short-range structure and aggregation structure of styrene/1-dodecene copolymer were characterized by FT-IR and XRD.The viscosity-average molecular weight of copolymer was measured by Ubbelodhe viscometer.The drag reducing performance of copolymer was evaluated by the indoor loop apparatus.The conclusions can be reached by comparing with 1-octene/1-decene copolymer.It was shown that the copolymer of styrene and 1-dodecene was synthesized completely with higher conversion rate,and in line with the basic IR characteristics of the copolymer.The degree of crystallinity of styrene/1-dodecene copolymer was higher than that of the 1-octene/1-dodecene copolymer.The viscosityaverage molecular weight of copolymer reached 10.6.The drag reducing performances of the two copolymers were different in the same additive concentration.The drag reducing performance of styrene/1-dodecene copolymer was poorer than that of the 1-octene/1-dodecene copolymer.At the same time,antiwall shear of the copolymer containing a small amount of styrene also failed to be improved.Therefore,copolymerization should be conducted by the introduction of different side chain
α
-olefins,starting from the flexibility and non-crystallization of the polymer to improve drag reducing performance.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 33-37 [
Abstract
] (
3026
) [
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1KB] [
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429KB] (
2494
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38
Effects of Static Magnetic Field on Antioxidant Activities of Black Pepper Extracts
ZHANG Jiao, WU Song-Hai, CHEN Wen-Xue, WANG Fang
The effect of static magnetic field on the antioxidant activities of black pepper extracts was investigated.Various static magnetic fields were employed to affect the extracting process,black pepper extracts preconditioning,and the antioxidant activity detection process,respectively.The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method and reducing power assay.Experimental results demonstrate that the antioxidant activities of black pepper extracts were actually changed under static magnetic field.As the processes affected by static magnetic fields were different,the results were different.When the extracting process and black pepper extracts preconditioning were influenced by static magnetic field,the antioxidant activities of black pepper extracts were inhibited.However,when static magnetic field acted on the antioxidant activity detection process,DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts declined,whereas the reducing power significantly increased.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 38-42 [
Abstract
] (
1370
) [
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1KB] [
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408KB] (
2692
)
43
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Studies on Falling Film Outside Elliptical Tube (Ⅱ): Experiment Study
QI Chun-Hua, FENG Hou-Jun, XING Yu-Lei, ZHAO He-Li
Based on the previous reported numerical simulation on falling film flow outside elliptical tubes,experimental study was conducted on the liquid film thickness outside elliptical tube and the heat transfer of falling film evaporation.The results showed that the liquid film thickness of numerical simulation basically reflected the experimental data with about 8% deviation range,so the numerical simulation was approved to be correct.The heat transfer coefficient of elliptical tube with long to short axis ratio of 1.5 is higher 20%—22% than that of the round tube,so elliptical tube can enhance heat transfer obviously.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 43-47 [
Abstract
] (
1379
) [
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1KB] [
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712KB] (
2640
)
48
Operating Characteristics of Rotary Pressure Exchanger for SWRO Desalination System
ZHANG Jin-Xin, WANG Yue, YANG Yong-Jun, CHENG Bai-Hua, XU Shi-Chang, WANG Shi-Chang
The operation cost for seawater reverse osmosis system has been reduced greatly due to the rapid development and wide application of energy recovery device（ERD）in recent years. In this article, a novel rotary pressure exchanger was designed and manufactured. The corresponding test platform was set up and the operating characteristics of the device were examined and analyzedThe results demonstrated that the device run steadily with a high energy recovery efficiency of 95.8%—97.7% under the capacity of 8.3 m
3
/h and operating pressure of 6.0 MPa. The device also presents good dynamic balance at rotation speed of 100—500 r/min. The minimum torque for driving the device is obtained at the rotation speed of 500 r/min, which is monitored to be 17—18 N·m.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 48-52 [
Abstract
] (
1802
) [
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1KB] [
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474KB] (
3103
)
53
Supercritical Extraction and Characterization of Corn Stover Lignin
REN Miao-Miao, 吕Hui-Sheng , ZHANG Min-Hua
ScCO
2
/ethanol-water was used to extract lignin from corn stover. Lignin product was obtained from the extraction by precipitation. The composition of the extract and the structure of the extracted lignin product were analyzed using GC-MS, FTIR and UV. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to study the thermal stability of extracted lignin. The results showed that the extracted lignin appeared to show the typical lignin structures and to decompose mostly between 180 ℃ and 500 ℃. The three dimension supramolecular structure of lignin was greatly broken down, primarily through the cleavage of ether linkages. The internal bonds of lignin-hemicellulose were not hydrolyzed completely, which leading to the extracted lignin containing a certain amount of carbohydrate.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 53-57 [
Abstract
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2512
) [
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337KB] (
3347
)
58
Progress in Hydrogen Production from Water
YU Jiao-Jiao, SU Wei, SUN Yan
Hydrogen is a clean energy, and has a heating value three times higher than petroleum. Presently it is mostly produced from fossil fuels (natural gas, oil and coal). However, watersplitting has been regarded as a promising way to produce hydrogen because it is renewable and water is abundant on Earth. Different methods of hydrogen production from water have been, or are being developed, such as electrolysis, photocatalysis, direct thermal decomposition, thermochemical processes and so on. Production of hydrogen by water electrolysis is a mature technology. The key problem of this method is how to reduce its cost. The performance of photocatalysis has been studied extensively both in theory and in practice. As a result, the activity of catalyst is very important for this method. Few reports on direct thermal decomposition have been presented for its high reaction temperature. Thermochemical hydrogen production is a means of splitting water via a series of chemical reactions and the advantage of this method is efficient and scaleable. However, material problems at the high temperatures have hindered the practical implementation of thermochemical cycles.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 58-63 [
Abstract
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3667
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1KB] [
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257KB] (
5294
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64
Application of Nanotechnology in the Development of Pharmaceutical Preparations
GAO Jie, LIAN Xiao-Yan, WEI Zhen-Ping, WANG Bo, LI Hong-Qi, REN Xiao-Wen
The lower bioavailability caused by poor water solubility is one of the important factors that hurdled the development and reasonable use of the pharmaceutical APIs. However, with the application of the nanotechnology in the development of pharmaceutical preparations, the bioavailability for some of the poorly watersoluble drugs had been greatly improved. In this article, applications of nanotechnology were introduced in pharmaceutical preparations as dosageforms of microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanogel, polymeric nanoparticle and nanocrystals. The possible problems resulted from the use of nanopreparations were discussed together with their advantages over the traditional dosageforms with the purpose of expanding the application of nanotechnology in the R&D of novel pharmaceutical preparations.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 64-69 [
Abstract
] (
1470
) [
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252KB] (
4814
)
70
Numerical Simulation on Temperature Control of Lithium Ion Battery Pack Using Novel Composite
LAN Xiao-Ping, ZHANG Jie-Jing, LIU Zhong-Ming, ZHANG Jun, LIU Zhi-Bin, WANG Yu-Xin
In order to realize better thermal management of lithium ion battery pack，a novel method using aluminumkerosene composite material as temperature buffer is proposed.Simulation is carried out to find the most suitable volume ratio of aluminum to kerosene of the composite for cooling a lithium ion battery pack.The novel method is also compared with the most common ways of cooling with air and water.It is shown that the optimal volume ratio of aluminum to kerosene in the buffering composite is 7∶3 and the buffering composite method is superior to water cooling and air cooling under the set conditions in terms of controlling the maximum temperature and temperature difference among the batteries in the pack.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 70-75 [
Abstract
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1693
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611KB] (
2678
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76
Application of Wet Dedusting Technique in Trichlorosilane Production Process
WANG Yu-Lin, CAO Yong-Jun
The reason of serious blockage of water cooler in trichlorosilane production process was analyzed in this paper, and investigation and application of wet dedusting in trichlorosilane industry was introduced. The application of wet dedusting technique resolved the blockage effectively and achieved a long-term stable operation of the system. It can improve manufacturing efficiency, lower product cost, eliminate pollution caused by the frequently stripping and cleanning of water cooler, improve the laboring environment, reduce labor intensity and prevent potential safety problems.
2012 Vol. 29 (5): 76-79 [
Abstract
] (
1878
) [
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247KB] (
2746
)
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