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Current Issue
2005 Vol.22 Issue.2,
Published 2005-03-15
Article
Article
79
Synthesis and Characterization of Monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-Grafted-Chitosan
FENG Meng-huang,DENG Lian-dong,ZHANG Xiao-li,DONG An-jie
Monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-grafted-chitosan(mPEG-g-CS) can be prepared by the grafting of aldehyded monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) to the 2-amino functions of chitosan. The obtained mPEG-g-CS products are water-soluble.Elemental analysis,IR spectroscopy and TEM were used to characterize the properties of the grafted products.The results indicate the prepared mPEG-g-CS can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution,which presents different rheological property from chitosan.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 79-82 [
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83
A Penetrable Drying Model of the Tiny Chlorinated Natural Rubber Granules from Latex
HE Lan-zhen~1,ZHONG Jie-ping~2,YANG Lei~1
Penetrable drying experiments was performed to study the influences of air temperature,air velocity and granularity on the drying characteristics of tiny chlorinated natural rubber(CNR) granule from latex. A penetrable drying model was established. The parameters of the model were derived from the experiment data. The results show that the experiment curves agree well with those of the model.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 83-86 [
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1672
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87
Preparation of Nanopowders ZrO_2 by Ultrasound Enhanced Sol-Gel Reaction
CHEN Ling, LI Xiao-xi, GAO Yao-lai
The effect of ultrasonic field under different conditions on enhancing the formation of zirconium hydroxide and the structure and morphology of zirconium hydroxide and the zirconia nanopowder properties were investigated. The results show that ultrasonic cavitation with proper times, frequency and power can effectively promote the rate of colloid nucleation and decrease the colloid specific surface energy. In such an ultrasonic field, the aggregation of colloid was inhibited and the agglomerates of colloidal particles in zirconia gel disgregated resulting in a homogenous and fine sonogel colloids and a powder with small particle sizes and narrow distribution. However,unsuitable ultrasonic field can increase the agglomeration formation resulting in a larger particle size and heterogeneous distribution.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 87-91 [
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1829
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92
Synthesis of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose
ZHANG Wei-hong,FENG Ya-qing,LIU Yun-hua,MENG Xiang-qi,LI Bin
The synthesis of 1,2-O-diisopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose was studied in this paper. With α-D-glucose as raw material, 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose was synthesized by isopropylidenation and selective hydrolyzation. The main factors that influence the hydrolysis reaction were studied. The final product was characterized by (~1H-NMR),IR,TLC and other method. The overall yield is 45%. The route is simple and convenient.The raw material can be obtained easily. This method has great potential for application.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 92-95 [
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96
Removal of Iron During Copper Sulfate Production from Bioleaching Reextraction Solution
LIN Jian-jun,HE Ning,LI Qing-biao,DENG Xu,LU Ying-hua,HONG Jin-qing,YIN Tao-feng
Iron removal is crucial to the process of feed-additive copper sulfate pentahydrate production from bioleaching reextraction solution.In this paper,three iron removal methods were examined.A series of experiments were conducted in different conditions and the results indicated that when iron was removed by precipitating in the form of ammonium jarosite(95 ℃,pH=1.6),the iron removal efficiency was 91.2%,while by precipitating in the form of ferric hydroxide(70 ℃,pH=3.8),the iron removal efficiency was 98.1%.However,by these two methods,the use of oxidant and neutralization reagents introduced unwanted NH~+_4,Na~+,Ca~(2+)into copper sulfate solution.Crystallizating copper sulfate from reextraction solution,a simple process,could remove iron effectively without adding any additives and the iron removal efficiency could reach 98.5% under the condition of 60 ℃ and 6 h,and the quality of copper sulfate met national standards of feed additive.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 96-99 [
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1755
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100
Chemical Synthesis and Biodegradation of Poly Hydroxybutyrate
WANG Jia-ning~1, YANG He-tong~1, MA Pei-sheng~2, YAO Wan-sheng~1
A method to produce poly hydroxybutyrate(PHB) by bulk polymerization of 3-hydroxybutyrate was put forward.An experimental device was designed to produce PHB and the condition of reaction was confirmed.The results indicated the molecular weight of product increased gradually while the pressure decreased and the reaction time prolonged within the definite scope of reaction time.The biodegradations of PHB made by both chemical synthesis and fermentation were analyzed.Pseudomonas spp. was found to be the main microbe degrading PHB and the PHB synthesized chemically can be degraded completely by the microbe in soil.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 100-103 [
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1706
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104
Experiments on Surface Layering Model of Particles During the Fluidized Bed Granulation with Spray
TIAN Zhao-jun,WANG Xiao-jing
In this paper,surface layering of particles during the fluidized bed granulation with spraying is studied theoretically.And a linear model is introduced which reflect the quality increase along with the variety of time during the surface layering granulation.The model is approved through a coating process of glass beads.Results indicated that the increasing velocity of relative quality can be applied to estimating the growth mode during the granulation process.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 104-107 [
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108
Effect of Seed on Crystallization of Thiamine Nitrate
GAO Hai-jian,YIN Qiu-xiang,ZHANG Mei-jing,WANG Jing-kang
Thiamine nitrate is nitrate of vitamin B\-1.The effect of seed on crystallization process is discussed.The results show that seeding will improve crystal size distribution (CSD) and morphology and the mass of seed will influence CSD and coefficient of variation.It also shows that variety of pH when seeding will cause the difference of CSD and coefficient of variation and the quality of seed will influence the CSD of product.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 108-111 [
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112
Refining Peach Aldehyde by Vacuum Batch Distillation
XU Song-lin,YING An-guo,WANG Shu-hua
The experimental study for purification of peach aldehyde by vacuum batch distillation,as well as the heat sensitivity of the product,is carried out.The optimal operation condition for purification of peach aldehyde is that:the pressure of operation system is less than 4\^0 kPa and temperature of the reboiler is less than 180 ℃ with variable reflux ratio.The concentration and average yield of the product is up to 99\^0% and 72\^4% respectively.Meanwhile,the impurity of n-octanol is less than 5×10~(-6).The experimental study is simulated by Hysis Plant 2.2 and it agrees well with the simulation.This can give some suggestion for the purification process.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 112-114 [
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115
Mechanism of Effect of Templates in the Formation of Mesoporous Sieves
WANG Bao-guo,ZHANG Yan,LI Wei,ZHANG Jin-li,LIU Jia-qiLaboratory for Green Chemical Transformation and Synthesis, Tianjin 300072, China)
Using organic templates to direct the formation of the mesoporous molecular seives can not only control their meso-construction but also have the characters of easy-operations, less-pollution and low-cost, but the effect of the templates has not been known clearly yet. The possible mechanisms of the effect of the templates on the formation process have been summarized in order to guide the later studies.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 115-119 [
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120
Synthesis of Diarylamine and Its Application in Electrophotographic Material
XUE Jin-qiang,WANG Shi-rong,LI Xiang-gao
Diarylamine is a kind of important intermediate which has wide utility.Many compounds in diarylamines have been used in the past as intermediates in the syntheses of dyestuffs and pharmaceuticals and as antioxidants for rubbers and elastomers.Recently, as an important intermediate in the production of organic photoconductors materials and organic electroluminescent materials, diarylamines interest many researchers.In this paper,four synthesis methods of the compound were summarized and its application to the preparation of triarylamine,which was a kind of hole transport material was also included.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 120-125 [
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1892
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2809
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126
Synthesis of Trimesic Acid
LIU Zhao-hui~1,ZHANG Cheng-zhong~2, ZHANG Xu-bin~1, CAI Wang-feng~1, WANG Yan~1, XIN Feng~1
Besides fuel oil,mesitylene can be mainly used in production of 1,3,5-benzenecarboxylic acid (trimesic acid),1,3,5-triaminobenzene,antioxidant Lonox-330 and so on.Trimesic acid is a kind of chemical intermediate with wide applications and high additional value.So synthesis of this chemical is significant.Three methods of preparing trimesic acid from mesitylene, such as nitric acid oxidation, potassium hypermanganate oxidation and air oxidation in gas-liquid phase, are firstly reviewed.Then air oxidation in the liquid phase,as an up-to-date method,is described in detail.Also some views of the development to this method are suggested.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 126-129 [
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1935
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130
Theory on AERMOD Modeling System
YANG Duo-xing, YANG Mu-shui, ZHAO Xiao-hong, LIU Min, XING Ke-jia, QIU Lei
In this paper, as an existing regulatory model, AERMOD is a steady-state plume model, introducing current planetary boundary layer (PBL) as well as air dispersion concepts into air pollutant dispersion models.A general overview of the most features of AERMOD is provided as:1)Based on air turbulence structure and scaling concepts, turbulence dispersion is described with parameterization equation, and stability is described with continuous parameters; 2)In the convective layer, the distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density function; 3) Interaction plume with mixing layer top is accounted for; 4) The AERMOD model described here is applicable to rural and urban areas, flat and complex terrain, surface and elevated releases, at the same time, handling the urban boundary layer; 5) The AERMOD model is taking into account the affect of effective height on flow fields.Trace test shows that the AERMOD model yields useful results.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 130-135 [
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2316
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136
Influencing Factors of Ratio of Calcium to Sulphur in Circulating Fluidized Bed Desulfurization Reactor
HU Jin-bang, CHEN An-xin, LI Yan-ping, ZONG Run-kuan
This paper has analyzed several influencing factors of the ratio of calcium to sulphur in choice of circulating fluidized bed desulfurization reactor briefly, such as the desulfurization reaction principle, flue gas's staying time, the solid recirculation ratio,flue gas components, and so on.Appropriate operating conditions was brought forward to provide industry application's reference of circulating fluidized bed desulfurization reactor.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 136-139 [
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140
Progress and Prospect of DSD Acid Manufacturing Wastewater Treatment
CHAI Li-min,ZHANG Feng-bao,ZHANG Guo-liang
4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic(DSD) acid is an important intermediate in the production of fluorescent,direct dyes,and fungicides.Due to its significantly increasing output and causing severe environmental pollution,it has become more and more crucial to treat the DSD acid manufacturing wastewater.Several treating methods used in industry have been analyzed and their treating mechanism,improvements,advantages and disadvantages are proposed.Furthermore,some newly developed technologies and ideas have been employed.Also,the prospect of those methods have been predicted.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 140-144 [
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145
Calculating High-Pressure-Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data of C_2H_4 System Using BP Neural Network
GAO Xiao-lin,LI Zhi-jian
By using the BP artificial neutral network(ANN) with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm,high-pressure-vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of C_2H_4 system were calculated.Temperature,x_1 and x_2 were used as input,and pressure and y as output.The comparison of the results showed that ANN could be successfully used to predict vapor-liquid equilibria at high pressures,and could be an effective method in VLE data processing at high pressure.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 145-147 [
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148
New Continuous Preparative Chromatography for Multi-Component Separation:Array Column Chromatography
SONG Hua~1,CHEN Fu-ming~2
Based on the theoretical foundation of simulated moving bed chromatography and annular chromatography,a new continuous preparative chromatography,array column chromatography,has been put forward in this paper.It comprises of four parts:control section,fluid transportation section,separation section and collection section.The spearation section is a chromatographic column array instead of annular bed in annular chromatography.The collection section is an exclusive collector which differs from general chromatography collectors.Both the fluid transportation section and the collection section are controlled by the control section.Multi-product can be prepared continuously in this system.Compared with other kinds of preparative chromatography,array column chromatography has a series of advantages,such as high flexibility,convenient operation,economical investment etc.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 148-153 [
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154
Preparation of Sodium Fluoride and Silica Aerogel from Fluorosilicis Acid
LIU Xiao-ping~1,LIU Xiao-hong~2
A new technology is introduced for preparation sodium fluoride and silica aerogel from fluorosilicis acid,the by-product of phosphatic fertilizer production.The technology is simple and has low energy consumption,mild reaction conditions and well economic effects.It is a new way discovered for recovering and utilizing the resources of fluorosilicis acid and reducing its environmental pollution.
2005 Vol. 22 (2): 154-156 [
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