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Current Issue
2021 Vol.38 Issue.4,
Published 2021-07-15
0
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 0-0 [
Abstract
] (
529
) [
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1KB] [
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744KB] (
1423
)
1
Thermal Decomposition Process and Kinetics of Cerium Oxalate Decahydrate
Yuan Siwen, Yang Jinyue, Zhou Guanchen, Xie Fei, Huang Yunhai, Tian Beiqian, Wu Dehui, Hou Xuefeng, Huang Xin, Hao Hongxun
The differences of thermal decomposition of cerium oxalate decahydrate under N
2
and O
2
atmosphere were investigated and compared by performing TG-DSC in this work. The results indicated that under N
2
atmosphere, black elemental carbon would deposit on the surface of CeO
2
. While under O
2
atmosphere, the calcined product was pale yellow, which was the color of CeO
2
. The thermal decomposition process of cerium oxalate decahydrate under N
2
would go through three stages. Two processes would occur under O
2
atmosphere, the first process is the dehydration of cerium oxalate decahyrate; the second process is the decomposition of anhydrous cerium oxalate. The thermal decomposition mechanisms of cerium oxalate decahyrate under O
2
atmosphere were also studied. The activation energy for the first stage (dehydration process) was between 53.50 and 65.63 kJ·mol
-1
, and the activation energy for the second stage was 156.52 kJ·mol
-1
. The research on the thermal decomposition process and kinetics of cerium oxalate dehydrate could provide a crucial theoretical basis for the preparation of CeO
2
.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 1-12 [
Abstract
] (
304
) [
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4553KB] (
1582
)
13
Synthesis and Performance Research of D-A-D Type Transport Materials Applied in Perovskite Solar Cells
Geng Ruilin, Feng Wenhui, Thomas T. Testoff, Liu Dongzhi, Wang Tianyang, Li Wei, Wang Lichang, Zhou Xueqin
The efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells are huge challenges in the developing process. Therefore, it is an effective way to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells by introducing additives, passivators, protective layers, etc. between the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer to improve the interface transport and suppress the combination of electrons and holes. In this study, a cis D-A-D type (Donor-Acceptor-Donor) triphenylamine azo compound (TPA)
2
Ab with higher carrier mobility was reported, which is used as a transport layer between the perovskite layer and the Spiro-OMeTAD layer, labeled as charge separation layer (CSL). The introduction of the charge separation layer effectively increases the transport of holes, inhibits carrier recombination, and passivates the traps on the surface of the perovskite; hydrogen iodide was doped into (TPA)
2
Ab to improve the perovskite layer surface topography and reduce transmission resistance. Compared with the reference cell without charge separation layer, it is found that the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell modified with the charge separation layer has an increase of nearly 14%, increased from 14.24% to 16.14%. At the same time, the charge separation layer can weaken the decomposition of the perovskite layer by water and oxygen, so the stability of the cell is also significantly improved, and the retention rate of the cell with the best efficiency reaches 85.69% after 10 days.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 13-24 [
Abstract
] (
296
) [
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1KB] [
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8107KB] (
1892
)
25
Study on the Oxidation of Xylene with CoMn
2
O
4
as Catalyst
Yu Fuhang, Li Yonghong, Lu Qianwen, Li Xiaojing
In this experiment, the effect of preparation conditions, including stirring temperature, drying temperature, calcination temperature and time on the catalytic performance for xylene oxidation was investigated. The experimental results indicated that calcination temperature was the most significant influencing factor on oxidation. When stirring temperature is 60 ℃, drying temperature is 60 ℃ and calcination time is 3 h, the effect of the calcination temperature (350 ℃, 450 ℃, 550 ℃on the difficulty degree of oxidation of these three xylenes and the difference of xylene oxidation with same configuration were investigated. Overall, catalyst with calcination temperature of 350 ℃ was the best, and the three isomeric xylenes had a complete oxidation difference of about 15 ℃. Among them,
o
-xylenes was the most difficult to be oxidized, and the temperature required for complete oxidation was 260 ℃.
m
-Xylene was the second difficult to be oxidized, followed by
p
-xylene. Meanwhile, XRD, XPS, N
2
adsorption and desorption, H
2
-TPR and other characterizations were used to analyze the reason why calcination temperature caused the difference in oxidation degree among the three different configurations of xylene.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 25-36 [
Abstract
] (
280
) [
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7109KB] (
1281
)
37
Analysis and Solution of Iron Poisoning in Catalytic Cracking Catalyst
Li Xueli, Duan Hongchang, Tan Zhengguo, Pan Zhishuang, Zhang Xianrui
Catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important means of crude oil secondary processing, is the key unit to produce light oil and increase economic income in refinery. The stable operation of FCC unit directly affects the economic benefit of refinery. Aiming at the problem of poor product distribution in catalytic unit of a refinery, the properties of raw materials, the properties of balancing agents and the evaluation of balancing agents were analyzed systematically. The results showed that the heavy metal poisoning was caused by the high content of iron ion in the raw material. By increasing the reaction temperature, reducing the processing capacity, increasing the amount of fresh agent, quickly replacing the high-quality balance agent, increasing the sample analysis frequency, and using the anti-iron pollution catalyst, etc. the adverse effect caused by high iron content in raw material was alleviated. Reference solutions for other refineries in case of iron poisoning were provided.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 37-43 [
Abstract
] (
309
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
4573KB] (
1951
)
44
Research Progress on Controlling of Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) in Crystallization Process
Wen Ting, Wang Hairong, Huang Wei, Ouyang Jinbo, Zhang Chuntao
Crystallization is an important separation and purification technology for crystal products in chemical industry, which can effectively achieve tailored preparation of some important crystal product quality, such as crystal size distribution (CSD), via crystallization process control. Therefore, the control of CSD during crystallization processes is of great significance for the production of high value-added fine chemicals. Especially in pharmaceutical industry, CSD can have important effects on not only bulk density and dissolution rate of drug products, but also bioavailability. On the basis of the domestic and international research progresses on the topic of CSD control, the methods of CSD control in crystallization was systemically summarized and the QbC (Quality by Control) mode promoted by FDA was then introduced briefly, and finally the process intensification techniques, the application of process control strategies and the trend of CSD control in crystallization processes were highlighted.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 44-55 [
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] (
264
) [
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3060KB] (
2430
)
56
Research Progress of Membrane Distillation Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Wang Yao, Li Tianxiang, Zhu Jing
Membrane distillation is a new separation technology combining membrane separation and evaporation process, which is widely used in the treatment of industrial wastewater. This paper introduced the principle and mode of membrane distillation technology. The application status of membrane distillation in the treatment of different types of industrial wastewater was emphatically introduced. The methods of enhancing the mass transfer process of feed, discharge and transmembrane were summarized. Finally, the problems to be solved and the future research direction of membrane distillation technology were put forward.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 56-63 [
Abstract
] (
271
) [
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1123KB] (
1493
)
64
Degradation of
p
-chlorophenol with High-concentration Ozone Cycle Assisted by Photocatalysis and Its Synergy Mechanism
Yang Maolin, Liu Xinyu, Ma Wei, Zhang Bowen, Cui Zhengwei
High-concentration ozone cycle process assisted by photocatalysis was investigated to solve the limited efficiency and high exhaust emissions in the ozone degradation of
p
-chlorophenol. When the circulating gas volume was 2.0 L·min
-1
and the dosage of TiO
2
was 250 mg·L
-1
, the degradation kinetic coefficient of O
3
/TiO
2
/UV system was 0.291 min
-1
, which was 1.24 times as that of O
3
system. The pH was proportional to the degradation effect in the range of 6.7-11.0. When the pH was 11.0 and the reaction took for 10 min, the degradation rates of 4-CP and COD in the O
3
/TiO
2
/UV system were 98.21% and 61.68%, respectively. The ·OH and ·O
2
-
excited by the trace of TiO
2
in high-concentration ozone water are the primary radicals that promote the generation and degradation of
p
-benzoquinone and other early products, and the OH
-
can also accelerate the generation of the radical.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 64-72 [
Abstract
] (
314
) [
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1KB] [
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4208KB] (
1436
)
73
Treatment of Cr(Ⅵ) Ion in Simulated Wastewater by Walnut Shell Modified by Sulfuric Acid
Tang Qi, Zhao Hongjing, Pei Congcong, Leng Xue, Xiong Yaomeng, Qin Shan, Zhang Han
Walnut shell modified by sulfuric acid was synthesized under the conditions that the volume of 8 mol·L
-1
sulfuric acid solution is 100 mL, walnut shell dosage is 9 g, particle size of walnut shell is 80 mesh, reaction time is 3 h, reaction temperature is 25 ℃. Walnut shell modified by sulfuric acid has excellent adsorption property to Cr(Ⅵ) ion. Some factors,such as the dosage of walnut shell modified by sulfuric acid, Cr(Ⅵ) ion concentration, pH, treatment time, treatment temperature which affect the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) ion, were investigated. The dispose technics were more optimized through orthogonal experiment and comparative experiment. When the volume of Cr(Ⅵ) ion simulated wastewater is 150 mL, Cr(Ⅵ) ion concentration is 200 mg·L
-1
, the best dispose technics are as follows:pH=1, the dosage of walnut shell modified by sulfuric acid is 1.4 g, treatment time is 3 h, treatment temperature is 25 ℃. Under those conditions, the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) ion was 95.86% and the adsorption capacity of sorbent was 20.54 mg·g
-1
.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 73-77 [
Abstract
] (
291
) [
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1KB] [
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1506KB] (
1005
)
78
Present Situation and Prospect of Hydrogen Energy Industry
Yin Yilin
As a new type of energy for the future green and sustainable development,hydrogen energy has been widely used in the world, and as an important role of energy transformation, it has been incorporated into the overall national development strategy. This paper focuses on the overall situation of hydrogen energy industry upstream and downstream, and summarizes the current development of hydrogen energy industry in some developed countries. Some prospects are provided for the future development of China.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 78-83 [
Abstract
] (
346
) [
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1KB] [
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1329KB] (
4870
)
84
Simulation and Optimization of Heating Effect of a Continuous Rectangular Microwave Reactor by Response Surface Method
Wu Yanze, Jin Guangyuan, Zou Pengcheng, Han Taibai, Cui Zhengwei
A continuous flow rectangular microwave reactor with special shape pipe was designed for improving the material temperature rise and heating uniformity of continuous flow microwave reactor. The multi-physics simulation method was used to explore the influence of material flow rate, waveguide power, waveguide position and pipe height on heating effect and heating uniformity. The results show that the temperature rise of the material is higher when the pipe is close to the waveguide, but the heating uniformity is poor; When the distance between them is far, the temperature rise of the material is small, but the uniformity is good. The response surface methodology (RSM) method was used to optimize the structure of pipe and the maximum temperature rise rate was up to 24.28%, the waveguide height with the best heating uniformity is -38.88 mm, and the pipe height is 32.81 mm.
2021 Vol. 38 (4): 84-94 [
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] (
242
) [
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8269KB] (
810
)
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