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Current Issue
2020 Vol.37 Issue.6,
Published 2020-11-15
0
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 0-0 [
Abstract
] (
2245
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
696KB] (
1570
)
1
La-Ce-O Modified Cu-Co Alloy Catalysts for Direct Ethanol Synthesis from Syngas
Jin Wu, Liu Guilong, An Kang, Wang Jiaming, Song Zhaoyu, Liu Yuan
The catalytic performances of copper-cobalt catalysts for direct ethanol synthesis from syngas were determined by the structure and composition of bi-metallic Cu-Co. The perovskite-type composite oxide of La
0.95
Ce
0.05
Co
0.7
Cu
0.3
O
3
supported on ZrO
2
was prepared via an incipient wetness impregnation combing citrate complexing method, after in-situ reduction, Cu-Co bimetal loaded on La-Ce-O doped ZrO
2
was obtained. The results showed that the active components in the catalyst were in forms of Cu-Co alloy and Cu-Co alloy were highly dispersed on the surface of ZrO
2
, while La-Ce-O were in forms of composite oxide. The catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for direct ethanol synthesis from syngas, specially, the conversion of CO is 9%, the selectivity of alcohol is 31.4% and the selectivity of ethanol is 63.5% at a GHSV of 3 900 mL·(g·h)
-1
in the syngas mixture of H
2
/CO/N
2
=8/4/1, 4 MPa and 280℃ in the fixed-bed reactor.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 1-9 [
Abstract
] (
2218
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
4584KB] (
1256
)
10
Ethanol Dry Reforming over Ce Modified Ni/KIT-6 Catalyst
Wei Yichen, Cai Weijie, Tan Fengzhi, Liu Xianyun
The Ce modified KIT-6 carrier was prepared by "one-pot method", and the supported Ni/Ce-KIT-6 and Ni/KIT-6 catalysts were synthesized by methanol-assisted impregnation method. BET, SEM, TEM, H
2
-TPR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy were performed to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst. The results show that the doping of the additive Ce can inhibit the sintering of the active metal Ni during the calcination process, but improve the dispersion of the active component Ni and the interaction between the metal and the carrier. The effect of doping of Ce on the performance of Ni/KIT-6 catalyst in ethanol dry gas reforming was further investigated. The results show that doping of Ce is beneficial to improve the activity and stability of the Ni-based catalyst; the conversions of ethanol and CO
2
catalyzed by Ni/Ce-KIT-6 catalyst are higher than that by the undoped Ni/KIT-6 catalyst, and the selectivity for hydrogen and CO are high. In the 60-hour continuous stability test, the Ni/Ce-KIT-6 catalyst was not deactivated, and there was no significant carbon deposition on the catalyst surface. The redox capability of Ce additives can effectively activate CO
2
molecules, provide active oxygen atoms, realize the dynamic elimination of carbon deposited on the catalyst surface, and improve the stability of the catalyst.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 10-17 [
Abstract
] (
2354
) [
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1KB] [
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3354KB] (
1230
)
18
CO
2
Methanation Performance of Cerium Zirconium Solid Solution Supported Nickel Catalyst
Xu Hongtu, Ma Zongyan, Wang Jiaming, Wang Hong, Liu Yuan
The Ce
x
Zr
1-
x
O
2
solid solution was prepared by coprecipitation, and a series of Ni/Ce
x
Zr
1-
x
O
2
catalysts were prepared by using citric acid method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N
2
adsorption-desorption (N
2
-BET), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and other techniques were used to characterize the catalysts. The effect of Ce/Zr ratio and nickel content on the catalytic performance of CO
2
methanation for catalysts was tested in a micro fixed bed reactor. The results showed that 12% Ni/Ce
0.25
Zr
0.75
O
2
catalyst had the best catalytic performance under the conditions of atmospheric pressure, 200℃ and airspeed of 15 000 mL·g
-1
·h
-1
, getting as high as 74% CO
2
conversion and nearly 100% CH
4
selectivity. The stability test results of Ni/Ce
0.25
Zr
0.75
O
2
catalyst for 300 h show that it has high anti-sintering performance. The excellent activity of the catalyst was attributed to the adoption of a new loading method:citric acid loaded active component nickel, which achieved high dispersion of nickel and large specific surface area of the catalyst.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 18-29 [
Abstract
] (
2353
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
11655KB] (
920
)
30
Synthesis of High Performance Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
Shao Zhicheng, Guo Keyu, Liu Shiwei, Yu Shitao
In order to save energy and reduce energy consumption, a high-performance polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) was synthesized by the method of the simulated adiabatic conditions, isopentenol polyoxyethylene ether (TPEG), acrylic acid (AA), sodium methacryl sulfonate (SMAS) as the polymerization monomers, thioglycolic acid (TGA) as chain transfer agent, and ammonium persulfate-ascorbic acid (APS-Vc) as redox initiation system. The effects of the amount of AA, SMAS and TGA on the properties of the PCE were investigated. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained as following:
n
(TPEG):
n
(AA):
n
(SMAS):
n
(TGA)=1.00:4.00:0.20:0.18, initial reaction temperature 15℃ and polymerization time 4 h. Under the above reaction conditions, the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the obtained PCE were 42 688, 36 409, and 1.172 5, respectively. And the properties of its solid content, cement slurry fluidity, slump and water reduction were better than those of PCE obtained by the traditional thermostatic polymerization. In addition, PCE could delay the hydration and hardening process of cement, promote the close arrangement of ettringite, and improve the mechanical strength of the cement such as compressive and flexural resistance.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 30-37 [
Abstract
] (
2273
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
3686KB] (
1444
)
38
Degradation of Nitrophenols in Wastewater by Peroxymonosulfate Activated by Cobalt Oxide with Different Morphologies
Zhang Xiaocong, Wang Cong, Wu Songhai
The degradation effect of nitrophenol can be improved by controlling the morphology of metal oxides with highly active crystal planes. The octahedral, cubic and rod-like Co
3
O
4
were prepared by using cobalt nitrate and cobalt acetate. The synthesized compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and results show that the prepared Co
3
O
4
have uniform size and high purity. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was activated by Co
3
O
4
with different morphologies to degrade nitrophenols at pH 8.0. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer were used to determine the changes of nitrophenols and total organic carbon content before and after the reaction. The reaction rate and nitrophenols degradation in the Co
3
O
4
/PMS system indicate that the activity of catalysts shows an order of rod-like Co
3
O
4
> cubic Co
3
O
4
> octahedral Co
3
O
4
, and the position of -NO
2
also affects the degradation of nitrophenol. The trace Co
2+
leached from Co
3
O
4
has no significant effect at pH 8.0, and all of the Co
3
O
4
showed good reusability. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra show that the degradation of nitrophenol in Co
3
O
4
/PMS system is a pathway where hydroxyl radical (·OH), sulfate radical (SO
4
·-
) and singlet oxygen (
1
O
2
) play main roles.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 38-47 [
Abstract
] (
2439
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
4276KB] (
2085
)
48
Synthesis of Benzaldehyde by Liquid Phase Oxidation of Toluene
Liu Jianwu, Yan Shenghu, Zhang Yue
Benzaldehyde was synthesized by liquid phase oxidation of hydrogen peroxide in a solution consisting of acetic acid, with toluene as substrate, cobalt acetate and sodium bromide as the catalyst and co-catalyst respectively. The effects of the kinds of catalysts, co-catalysts, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, oxidant, catalyst, reaction time and temperature on oxidation were investigated. The results showed that under the conditions of
n
(toluene):
n
(hydrogen peroxide)=1:3,
n
(cobalt acetate):
n
(toluene)=1:50,
n
(sodium bromide):
n
(toluene)=1:30, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide of 25%, at temperature 105℃, time for 20 min, the conversion of toluene reached 49.2%, and the selectivity of benzaldehyde reached 70.4%. Compared with the traditional batch reaction process, the liquid-phase oxidation of toluene was carried out by concerted catalytic effect of Co
2+
and peracetic acid, which can expand the selection range of process conditions and realize effective control on the oxidation reaction process.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 48-53,71 [
Abstract
] (
2444
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
2650KB] (
2823
)
54
Determination of Trace Phosphorus in Different Systems and Its Application in Valence Transformation of Phosphorus
Bi Mingyang, Huang Guoqiang
In order to detect trace phosphorus in a similar system of trichlorosilane, a UV-visible spectrophotometric method was proposed for the determination of phosphorus in different valences in aqueous and organic solutions. Phosphorus was extracted and separated from organic solvents with high purity water. The proposed method was used to determine the oxidation effect of PCl
3
in
n
-hexane. The detection range of phosphoric acid in aqueous solution is 0.52-6.40 μmol/L, and the detection limit is 0.52 μmol/L, while the detection range of phosphorous acid in aqueous solution is 1.60-6.40 μmol/L, and the detection limit is 1.60 μmol/L. At different volume ratios of
n
-hexane to water, the adjusted coefficient of determination of the fitting curve between the extraction rate and the initial concentration is above 0.95. It was determined that the oxidation rate of chromium(Ⅵ)-supported polymer to PCl
3
at a fixed bed temperature of 95℃ for 30 minutes could reach 26.5%.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 54-60 [
Abstract
] (
2328
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
2303KB] (
1257
)
61
Pilot Study on Enhanced Nitrogen Removal of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Based on MABR
Sun Zhiye, Li Baoan, Li Mei, Wang Guofeng, Yan Xiaojun, Lan Meichao, Liu Rukang, Gao Shuai
A pilot system of A
2
/O-MABR coupling was established, under the condition that the original A
2
/O process of the wastewater treatment plant was not changed and the carbon source was not added, the removal of carbon and nitrogen was enhanced using the rich microbial community of MABR. The system operates under the optimal parameters, the effluent concentrations of COD, ammonia nitrogen and TN meets the discharge standard of class A for municipal wastewater treatment plants. Microbial analysis showed that the MABR biofilm was enriched with rich denitrifying functional flora, such as conventional denitrifying bacteria of
Proteobacteria
and
Bacteroidetes
, and aerobic denitrifying bacteria of
Thauera
and
Paracoccus.
The rich nitrogen removal functional flora on the MABR biofilm strengthened the removal of TN. The experimental results showed that MABR had great potential application in the upgrading and enhanced nitrogen removal of municipal wastewater treatment plants.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 61-71 [
Abstract
] (
2394
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
10264KB] (
1161
)
72
Mechanism and Kinetics of Sodium Carbonate Concentration on Desulfurization of Waste Battery Lead Paste
Li Linbo, Mo Chuan, Xing Xiangdong, Wang Sha
With sodium carbonate as desulfurizer, the influence of Na
2
CO
3
concentration on desulfurization rate of lead paste and yield of lead was systematically studied. Meanwhile, the desulfurization mechanism of lead paste was revealed by chemical analysis, SEM-EDS, XRD. And the kinetic parameters were also calculated. The results showed that the desulfurization rate of lead paste increased as the increasing of Na
2
CO
3
concentration, while the change of the yield of lead was opposite. Lead paste was mainly composed of lead sulfate and lead oxide. When the Na
2
CO
3
concentration was less than 0.150 mol/L, the desulfurization products were mainly in the form of PbCO
3
and Pb
3
(CO
3
)
2
(OH)
2
. As the concentration went up, PbCO
3
would be converted to Pb
3
(CO
3
)
2
(OH)
2
, and finally to NaPb
2
(CO
3
)
2
(OH)
2
, resulting in the loss of lead. The activation energy of desulfurization process decreased with the increasing of concentration, and the restrictive step was chemical reaction. When the concentration was lower than 0.208 mol/L, the activation energy decreased significantly from 7.275 kJ/mol to 5.312 kJ/mol. Then, the activation energy changed slightly.
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 72-79 [
Abstract
] (
2498
) [
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1KB] [
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4432KB] (
13727
)
80
2020 Vol. 37 (6): 80-87 [
Abstract
] (
2476
) [
HTML
1KB] [
PDF
783KB] (
1160
)
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