The formation of copper phyllosilicate in Cu/SiO₂ catalyst was intensively studied in this paper. Samples were taken during the catalyst preparation procedure and systematically characterized by N₂-adsorption, FTIR, XRD, and TEM. The characterization showed that the ion-exchange between copper ammonia complex and Si—OH took place in the aging stage while copper phyllosilicate formed during the ammonia evaporation process.

In the present work, the Pt catalysts supported on Al₂O₃, SiO₂, Y₂O₃, and activated carbon (AC) with 0.2% Pt loading were prepared by impregnation method. N₂ adsorption-desorption, H₂-TPR and pulse CO chemisorption results showed that AC is beneficial to improve Pt dispersion. Moreover, the activity of the catalysts for dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane(MCH) at 300 ℃ was investigated. The results suggest that Pt/AC catalyst exhibited high activities.

The reaction heats, the changes of Gibbs free energy and the equilibrium constants of methyl phenol carbonate with three amines for carbamates were calculated by group contribution method. The calculated results show that the change of Gibbs free energy from the reaction of MPC with 1,6-hexandiamine was the minimum while the equilibrium constant was the maximum, providing reference to future experimental study and industrial application.

Ni-Modified HZSM-5 has been developed in our research group. Its channel structure and acid properties were preliminarily modified. Although the higher activity and selectivity has been obtained at 260 ℃, carbon deposit and the short life-span of the catalysts are still the urgent problem to be solved. Based on the Ni-modified HZSM-5 synthesized via ion-exchange method, a series of phosphorus-nickel modified HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by impregnating the Ni-HZSM-5 with phosphoric acid aqueous solution. The activity of the catalyst was improved to some extent but coke deposit still existed. According to our research, phosphorus was not lost in the process of the reaction, and surface area as well as channel structure was not largely affected by carbon deposit. Characteristic of the catalysts before and after reaction revealed that the deactivation of catalyst resulted from the coverage of acid sites by coke deposit. As the reaction proceeded, the rate of coke formation decreased and the proportion of coke that could be eliminated at relatively high temperature increased. The carbonaceous materials consisted mainly of olefin polymers containing CC, aromatics and some compounds containing ester group.

For oil materials with high acid values, deacidification is necessary before transesterification for biodiesel preparation. However, the conventional method with H₂SO₄ as a catalyst is always accompanied with equipment corrosion and environmental pollution problems. In this paper ordered mesoporous carbons(OMCs) were synthesized by soft template method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption were applied to investigate the influences of the mass ratio of the template agent to the precursor, thermal polymerization time and calcination temperature on the mesostructures of OMCs materials. Highly-Ordered mesoporous carbons with 2D hexagonal structure were obtained, possessing 3—4 nm pore diameter and more than 600 m²/g BET specific surface areas. OMCs were then sulfonated through benzenesulfonic acid-containing aryl radical in situ generated from the reaction of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and isoamyl nitrite. The sulfonated OMCs can be used in deacidification of crude oil with high acid value for biodiesel production.

Ceria-Based solid solution is prepared through precipitation method with citric acid as complexing agent. The solid solution was successfully synthesized based on the result of XRD. La-Ce solid solution exhibited better catalytic activity than the others. The acidic and basic properties of ceria-based solid solution were measured by NH₃-TPD and CO₂-TPD. The moderate and strong acid-base sites were favorable for the formation of DMC. La-Ce solid solution had a good performance in DMC formation due to the presence of more moderate and strong acid-base sites on catalyst surface.

By hydrothermal synthesis method, mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 was obtained with the template P123, then tin modified mesoporous molecular sieve SO₄^2-/Sn/SBA-15 was obtained by impregnation into solution of tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate, then into sulfuric acid. The infrared spectroscopy(IR), thermogravimetric analysis(TG), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were used to characterize the structure of the catalyst. The performance of the catalyst was studied by epoxidation of α-pinene. The influence of the molar ratio of SBA-15 and SnCl₄·5H₂O, the dosage of catalyst and the molar ratio of peroxyacetic and α-pinene were discussed.The results showed that the conversion rate of α-pinene could reach 95.4%, and the yield of 2,3-epoxypinane was 88.82% when the molar ratio of SBA-15 to SnCl₄·5H₂O was 5:1, dosage of SO₄^2-/Sn/SBA-15 catalyst was 2.5% (α-pinene weight),and the molar ratio of peroxyacetic to α-pinene was 1.2.

The isomerization of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene over Ni-Mo/HM catalyst was investigated in a pressurized fixed-bed reactor. Effects of reaction temperature, pressure, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) and hydrogen-oil ratio on the reaction were studied. And the optimal reaction conditions were obtained, which were the reaction temperature 260~270 ℃, pressure 1.2~1.4 MPa, WHSV 0.9~1.1 h^-1, and hydrogen-oil ratio 5~6. Under the conditions of temperature 260 ℃, pressure 1.2 MPa, WHSV 1.0 h^-1, and hydrogen-oil ratio 5, the mass conversion of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene was 49.17%, the mass yield of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was 23.10%, and the selectivity to 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was 46.98%. The experimental results showed that the catalyst had excellent catalytic activity.

5-Amino benzimidazolone-2 was prepared by 5-nitro benzimidazolone-2 and hydrogen in autoclave. And this reaction is classified to catalytic hydrogenation reduction. In this research, the Ni-B catalyst was characterized by SEM, XRD and BET, and its catalytic performance for the synthesis of 5-amino benzimidazolone-2 was investigated. XRD shows that Ni-B catalyst is amorphous alloy. And BET shows the specific surface area and pore volume of Ni-B catalyst. By calculating, the specific surface area is 51 m²/g, total entrance is 0.0524 cm³/g. The reaction temperature, the amount of catalyst and catalyst recycling were also studied. At last, the study has shown the optimum reaction conditions: the amount of catalyst is 5.5%~6.6%,the reaction temperature is 180 ℃, the reaction pressure is 2.0 MPa, the reaction time is 8 h, the amount of absolute ethanol is 100 mL as reaction medium. And the yield and purity of the product was up to 92.4% and 99%, respectively.

Pyraclostrobin was synthesized by reaction of methyl N-methoxyl-N-2-bromine toluene carbamate with 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyrazole, methyl N-methoxyl-N-2-bromine toluene carbamate was prepared from o-nitrotoluene by reduction, acylation, methylation, and bromination four steps. Under the optimal condition, the purity was 98.4%(LC), and the total yield was 56.7% based on o-nitrotoluene. The structure of the prepared product was confirmed by ¹H-NMR and MS. The process exhibites mild reaction conditions and high yield, and is suitable for industrial production.

Geranyl acetone has been synthesized by ethyl acetoacetate via substitution reaction and ketonic cleavage with geranyl chloride and its isomers,which were obtained by myrcene with the electrophilic addition of hydrogen chloride. The addition reaction of myrcene have a decisive influence on the synthesis of geranyl acetone, is a critical step in the reaction process. We mainly studied the influence of the catalyst type, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, the ratio of reaction material on the addition reaction. The optimal reaction conditions were: using CuCl and tetrabutylammonium bromide as catalysts with a mole fraction of 1% base on myrcene, the reaction temperature was 10 ℃ and the n(myrcene):n(hydrogen chloride)=1:1. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the yield of the chloride reached 92.86%, and the percentage of geranyl chloride and nerlyl chloride were 75.71%. Geranyl acetone was preprared by the substitution reaction of the chloride and subsequent hydrolysis decarboxylation reaction with a yield of 76.62%.

Tiotropium bromide was prepared from TB-1 and bromomethane. The effects of reaction time, temperature and molar ratio of the material on the reaction were studied. The experimental result showed that the optimum condition were: reaction time was 5 h, reaction temperature was 21—25 ℃, molar ratio of bromomethane to TB-1 was 3:1. The product was white solid with melting point of 218.0—219.3 ℃, the yield of product was up to 95%. MS and NMR were used to characterize the structure of product.

Silver sulfide (Ag₂S) nanorice with an average length of about 35 nm has been synthesized at room temperature just in 0.5 h using silver laurate and sodium sulfide as raw materials, polyvinylpyrrolidone as protective agent in aqueous solution. It was found that the formation of the rice-shape featured Ag₂S nanoparticles depended mainly on the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium sulfide. What's more, if the concentrations of sodium sulfide were increased, the time for the formation of the rice-shape featured would be shortened. Compared with bulk silver sulfide, the obtained Ag₂S nanorice showed clear quantum confinement effect, which was testified by the remarkable blue shift of its UV-visible absorption edge and the large band gap energy of 4.4 eV.

As an excellent rechargeable energy storage battery, all vanadium redox flow battery(VRB)has the advantages of long cycle life, large capacity, small self-discharge, little pollution, and simple structure. Therefore, all vanadium redox flow battery has been widely researched at home and abroad. However, there are some problems restricting the application of all vanadium redox flow battery, for example, low vanadium ion concentration, poor stability and low electrochemical reaction rate in the electrolyte and so on. In this paper, the influence of additives on the electrochemical reaction rate of negative electrolyte for all vanadium redox flow battery has been researched by CV. It is found that the apposite concentration of urea, oxalic acid and tartaric acid can partly increase the reaction rate and electrolyte reversible, especially 0.5% oxalic. Then, the negative electrolyte adding 0.5% oxalic acid was analyzed by AC impedance and found that oxalic acid was mainly to reduce the electrochemical reaction resistance. Finally, the effect of the additives on the stability of negative electrolyte for all vanadium redox flow battery has been studied by potentiometric titration analysis. Both oxalic acid and tartaric acid can effectively improve the stability of electrolyte, and the electrolyte of 1.93 mol/L V(Ⅲ) can be stable in more than 40 days at room temperature.

Tung oil-based polyols (TBPO) was synthesized by the reaction of methyl eleostearate anhydride (MEA) and 1,4-butanediol, and then the waterborne Tung oil-based polyurethane (WBTPU) emulsion was prepared using TBPO, isophorone diisocyanate and 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid as raw materials. MEA, TBPO and WBTPU were characterized by FTIR, by which the molecular structures of the materials were verified. The thermal properties of polyurethane and the particle size and its distribution of polyurethane emulsion were characterized. The results indicate that the polyurethane from methyl eleostearate anhydride is with high heat-resistance and the particle size of polyurethane emulsion is monodispersed. The prepared Tung oil-based polyurethane can be used in the coatings fields.

5-FU-PLGA double emulsion microspheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Single factor design was used to study the influence of the first phase volume ratio (inner water phase and oil phase) and the second phase volume ratio (the first phase and outer water phase) on the double emulsion. Orthogonal design was used to study the influence of stirring temperature, stirring time, the concentration of excipient and the concentration of carrier in oil phase on the prepared microspheres. And the preparation conditions were optimized. The optimal preparation method was as follows: the first phase volume ratio was 1:2, the second phase volume ratio was 1:1, the stirring temperature was 10 ℃, the stirring time was 6 h, the concentration of excipient and the concentration of carrier in oil phase were 0.5% and 15%, respectively. The prepared microspheres showed perfect sphericity and narrow particle size distribution. The average particle size was 5.20 μm. The drug loading was 5.34%. The encapsulation efficiency was 77.22%. The in vitro release study showed that the 5-FU-PLGA microspheres showed obvious sustained-release effect and the release behavior accorded with Higuchi model.

As one kind of serious atmospheric pollutants, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) present significant harm to ecosystems. In this paper, numerical modelling methods have been employed to simulate a coke oven combustion chamber to obtain detailed information on the formation of NO_x in the combustion chamber and to predict the effects of exhaust gas recirculation process and air preheated temperature on NO_x formation. The predicted data are compared to measurements in terms of NO_x concentration in exhaust gas. It is concluded that most of the NO_x is formed in the middle zone of the upward vertical flue in height direction due to simultaneous high temperature and high O₂ concentration, while in other zones of the flues, the formation reactions of NO_x, influenced either by low temperature or low O₂ concentration, are reduced; employing exhaust gas recirculation process and lowering air preheated temperature are effective ways to reduce NO_x formation in coke oven combustion chambers. The current work greatly helps to understand the ways used to reduce NO_x formation in coke oven combustion chambers.

A number of tube leaks and fractures occurred on a heat exchanger used in a tar distillation unit after operation of only three years. In order to identify the cause of this failure, a fluid-structure interaction simulation using Ansys Workbench 13.0 was performed to calculate its state of real stress distribution. The result revealed that the tubes which were close to the hot oil inlet suffered from high tensile stress. At the same time, chlorine and sulfur element which were in the cold water and hot oil respectively had corrosive effects to the tubes. Finally, the morphological feature of fracture was studied. It was found that tube failure was mainly caused by stress corrosion cracking (SCC).