The research and developing principles of the high efficiency flow-guided sieve tray are introduced in this paper, the structure and characteristics of this new tray as well as some application examples in industry are also narrated. The application results showed that the high efficiency flow-guided sieve tray had advantages such as large production capacity, high separation efficiency, low tower pressure, anti-blocking, low cost, and convenient in dissembling and installation. The new tray is perfectly applied to the modern production requirements, and it has wide market prospects. A lot of profits have been achieved through the applications.

Reverse osmosis process features in higher efficacy and lower energy consumption and was widely applied in water treatment and desalination process. Reverse osmosis membranes plays a pivotal role in determining the reverse osmosis process performance. The development of novel membranes with better salt rejection, flux and antifouling ability has attracted intensive research effort. Some materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotube, exhibited extraordinary behavior in water transport, making them promising materials for next-generation reverse osmosis membranes. In this paper, the history of reverse osmosis membrane development was briefly reviewed. Different monomers available for reverse osmosis membrane preparation via interfacial polymerization process were summarized and their regarding membrane performances were analyzed. The newly developed mixed matrix membranes based on the incorporation of nanoparticles were introduced as well as the zeolite membranes for water desalination. At last, some research topics on reverse osmosis membrane were proposed.

On the background of global sustainable development, traditional wastewater treatment mode reveals its shortcomings due to lack of considering the resource and energy recovery from wastewater. Sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, taken wastewater as carriers of resource and energy, have been paid close attention. Starting from the existing problems of present wastewater treatment technology and focusing on the concepts of resource recovery and energy utilization, this paper discussed the methane production in anaerobic digestion process, hydrogen production in anaerobic fermentation, new mode for water treatment based on biological electrochemical mechanism, combined treatment technology of wastewater and flue gases based on micro algae in order to treat wastewater with carbon resource recovery. Nitrogen resource treatment technologies with low energy consumption (such as shortcut nitrification-denitrification, ANAMMOX and SND), phosphorus resource recovery technologies (such as P-RoC, MBR, REM-NUT and nano-technology), and deep treatment technologies for water reuse were also discussed. The latest research processes were also summarized. The research and development orientation of sustainable treatment technology for urban wastewater was proposed.

Due to their potential biomedical applications, recombinant protein-based hydrogels have attracted considerable interest and made amazing progress over the last two decades. In this short review, we present the latest progress in protein hydrogels, focusing on the design and construction of biorecognition-driven physical hydrogels and chemically-crosslinked hydrogels, their biomedical applications, and future perspectives of this fast-evolving field of biomaterials.

Particulate organic matter (POM), generated primarily from fossil fuel burning, is an important ingredient in air pollution, significantly impacts on human health, and contributes to haze. In this study, particulate matter (PM) from vehicular exhaust and oil-powered boiler emissions was collected by bench test and dilution tunnel, respectively, then POM was analyzed by GC-MS with pre-column derivatization method. In total, nearly 195 organic species were identified, including hopanoids and steranes, the tracers of combustion of fossil fuels. Our results suggest that the ratio of PYR to BaPYR, as well as the concentrations of COR and BghiP can be used to distinguish between gasoline and diesel powered vehicular emissions. We also found that the emissions of n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanols and PAHs were similar between oil-power boiler emissions and diesel power vehicular emissions. This finding suggests that recent research may overestimate the source contribution of vehicular emissions by ignoring emissions from oil-powered boilers. Aromatic acids could be used as the tracer of oil-power boiler combustion. The emission factor of vehicle, influenced by its categories, was higher in China than other countries overall. The types of fuel in our study had a large impact on the emission factors of oil-powered boilers. The source profiles of vehicle and oil-powered boiler emissions were built based on discussion above.

Preparation of particulate drug delivery systems with some controlled structure is an important and efficious way in the research, development and application of pharmaceuticals. This paper summarized the novel application of supercritical fluid-based particle technology in drug delivery system, including preparation of nano-micron grade drug particles, control of drug polymorphism and formation of composite particles. The characteristics of different types of supercritical fluid technology and the mechanism of particle microstructure regulation were summerized. Based on the principles of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, supercritical fluid-based particle technology is able to tune and construct the microstructure of active pharmaceutical ingredients, including grain size, crystal habit, polymorph, particle size distribution and so on.

Graphene has attracted extensive attentions due to its unique structure, excellent properties and great potential in various applications. However, due to the strong interaction among the two-dimensional sheets, the unavoidable aggregation of graphene results in low surface utilization, and thus, unsatisfied performance in practical applications. Graphene can be viewed as basic unit of carbon materials, and the surface utilization of graphene can be improved by assembling it into various graphene-based structures with ordered sheet arrangement, which is important to its practical applications in future. In this paper, we summary the different graphene-based assemblies and the corresponding methods reported in these years, and more importantly, the relations between the assembly structures and their usage in electrochemical energy storage applications are highlighted.

Chemical looping process for hydrogen generation (CLH) is a new type of hydrogen production with inherent CO₂ separation, high efficiency, high purity, easy segregation and low NO_x emission. Therefore CLH has a broad development prospects. The basic principle of CLH was introduced. The current situation and existing problems were summarized according to the preparation and screening of oxygen carriers, development of reactors system, selection of CLH feeds. In conclusion, 3 key directions in CLH development are pointed out, which are preparation by screening excellent oxygen carriers, design and optimization of reactor, development of CLH system suited for solid fuels.

The reduction process for catalyst is critical for the success of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis techniques. The development in reactors used in synthesis was reviewed. Particular attention was paid to the influence of pretreatment atmosphere, pretreatment temperature and the evolution of the catalysts structure in reduction process.

The coking biochemical effluents including aeration biological filter effluent and reverse osmosis concentrated water were desalted by electodialysis, in which ions transfer, wastewater desalination, ion exchange membrane fouling were examined in the experiments. The results showed that two types of coking wastewater were suitable to be desalted by electrodialysis, in which the transfer and removal of different ions were related to ion concentration and ionic radius. It was showed by the measurement of membrane resistance that the fouling of different ion exchange membranes had different properties in the electrodialysis system of different coking wastewater. SEM and IR analyses showed that, the anion exchange membrane fouling was resulted from the organic compounds contained in the aeration biological filter effluent. The granular inorganic fouling mainly appeared in the concentrated sides of electrodialysis in the reverse osmosis concentrated water desalination. Moreover, the concentrated side fouling of cation exchange membrane was more obvious than that of anion exchange membrane.

To separate the methanol-butanone azeotrope system in industrial production, three ionic liquids (ILs), namely, N-ethylpyridinium bromide ([EPy][Br]), N-butylpyridinium bromide ([BPy][Br]) and N-hexylpyridinium bromide ([HPy][Br]), were synthesized by one-step method and used as entrainers. The selectivities of the three ILs for the methanol-butanone azeotrope system were measured at 101.3 kPa, the effects of solvent ratios on their selectivities were studied,and the separation effect of ionic liquids was compared with that of organic solvents. The results showed that all the three ILs could improve the relative volatility of methanol to butanone, their selectivities followed the order: [EPy][Br]> [BPy][Br]> [HPy][Br], and their selectivities increased with increasing solvent ratios. What is more, compared with organic solvents, ionic liquids showed significant advantages as extractive solvents. Thus, [EPy][Br] can be a promising entrainer to the separation of the methanol-butanone azeotrope system.

Six kinds of Ni-base catalysts were prepared by combustion method and then their catalytic carbonization and combustible properties for polypropylene were tested. The results showed that the catalytic activity of Ni-Al and Ni-Mg catalytic systems are better than single Ni catalyst,the residual char of PP are 43.7% and 41.8%, respectively, compact char layer mainly composed of carbon nanotubes was formed and the peak heat release speed(PHRR)was decreased dramatically. There was a little difference between Ni-Co and Ni catalytic system of residual char, but the formers of structure of char layer is superior to the latter. Catalytic carbonization of Ni-Cu, Ni-Zn and Ni-Fe system were less effective than Ni catalyst.

A novel catalyst of Hβ supported schiff base Pd complex-Pd(DD)₂/Hβ was prepared by microwave assisted solvothermal method. Pd(DD)₂/Hβ were characterized by means of ¹H-NMR,XRD,FT-IR,and ICP. The catalytic performance of Pd(DD)₂/Hβ and the effects of Cu(OAc)₂ dosage, Cu-Co-Mn mixed oxide dosage,reaction time and reaction temperature on the catalytic performance of Pd(DD)₂ in the oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate were studied. The results showed that the yield and selectivity of DPC reached 36.1% and 82.2% respectively,under the reaction conditions of Cu(OAc)₂ dosage 0.04 g,Cu-Co-Mn mixed oxide dosage 0.4 g,reaction temperature 110℃, reaction time 8 h.

The pseudocubic plate-like SAPO-34 molecular sieves were synthesized using composite templates, and were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and NH₃-TPD. The as-synthesized SAPO-34 zeolites displayed BET surface areas up to 720 m²/g, moderate acidity. The activities of catalysts in the process of methanol to olefin (MTO) by using the obtained SAPO-34 molecular sieves were investigated. The catalysts exhibited relative longer life span, methanol conversion was over 99% and the total selectivity to ethylene and propylene could be over 80%.

A mixed particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is proposed to solve mixed integer nonlinear programming problem and to apply to the optimal design of azeotropic distillation column. By adjusting the number of rectifying tray, stripping tray and reflux ratio, the total annual cost of the column is minimized; the hydraulic constraints are added in the optimization model to make the optimal solution more practical. The integer variables are preceded by a roulette way, while the constraints are satisfied with Deb's method. The MPSO algorithm is implemented with C++ on a C# platform and the particle's fitness is calculated via ASPEN Plus. At last the proposed MPSO is applied to the design of methyl acetate-methanol-water an azeotropic distillation column for the separation of methyl acetate-methanol-water ternary azeotropic system, and a better solution is obtained compared to the reference result.