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Current Issue
2004 Vol.21 Issue.3,
Published 2004-05-15
Article
Article
157
Kinetics of Ozonation of m -Cresol in Aqueous Solutions
SHEN Hui-fang,CHENG Jiang,CHEN Huan-qin
A stopped-flow spectrophotometer system was applied to study the kinetics of the ozonation between dissolved ozone and m -cresol in aqueous solution under the condition T =298K and pH values varying from 3 to 7. The overall ozonation reaction of m -cresol was found to be second order and be first order in each reactant concentration respectively. The ozonation rate constant of m -cresol increased rapidly with the solution pH. With a fixed concentration (0.001M) of m -cresol,as the pH value increased from 3 to 7, the overall rate constant increased from 6.28×10~3 (mol/L)~(-1)·s~(-1) to 9.15×10~5 (mol/L)~(-1)·s~(-1) at 298K.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 157-160 [
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161
Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosize TiO_2
LIU Shou-xin~
Nanosize TiO_2 photocatalysts were thermal treated with programmed temperature in air atmosphere and photooxidation of phenol was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of resulting TiO_2. XRD and FTIR were adopted to identify phase structure, particle size and surface structure. The mechanism of thermal treatment on the photocatalytic activity of nanosize TiO_2 was discussed. The results show the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 increases with the increase of thermal temperature until 400℃,above which the activity of TiO_2 decreases. Suitable surface structure,particle size and anatase phase were necessary for high photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 photocatalyst.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 161-164 [
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165
Propylene Epoxidation Catalyzed by TS-1 in External Airlift Reactors
SU Xue-li,WANG Bao-guo,WANG Chun-yan,WU Yu-long,MI Zhen-tao
In this thesis,propylene epoxidation catalyzed by TS-1 in external airlift reactors was studied. Firstly,the operation parameters were investigated so as to achieve higher yield of propylene oxide per gram catalyst. The optimum results were as follows:The optimum catalyst content was 3%, the preferred liquid and gas flow rates were 2 times of 720mL.h~(-1) and 290mL.min~(-1) respectively.Secondly,the study of the influence of geometry parameter A _r/ A _d was carried out. Under the same ratio of reactor volume to liquid inlet flow rate, conversion, selectivity and yield of propylene oxide per gram catalyst decreased when A _r/ A _d increased. At the same liquid inlet flow rate, the result that conversion,selectivity reduce at a higher degree was obtained,which proved that mass transfer influenced the propylene epoxidation and the mass transfer was affected more by apparent gas velocity than by reaction time.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 165-168 [
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169
Effects of Inorganic Salts on the Aggregation of Nanometer Titanium Dioxide
ZHANG Tian-yong~1,CUI Xin-an~1,ZHANG You-lan~1,ZHU Dan-dan~1,ZHAO Jin-cai~2
By using the turbidity analysis to evaluate the aggregation extent of nanometer titanium dioxide in aqueous medium containing inorganic ions,the effects of inorganic salts such as NaCl,Na_2SO_4,NaCO_3,Na_3PO_4 and (NH_4)_2S_2O_8, salts concentrations (0.2g/L—10.0g/L) and pH values in aqueous suspension on the aggregation of titanium dioxide have been studied.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 169-173 [
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174
Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate by Transesterification of Dimethyl Carbonate with Phenol
PAN Fa-yong,WANG Sheng-ping,MA Xin-bin,LI Zhen-hua,XU Gen-hui
Various kinds of catalysts,including Lewis acid,molecular sieve,organic Ti and Sn compounds, and supported metal oxide catalysts,were employed to catalyze the transesterification of dimethyl carbonate(DMC) with phenol to produce diphenyl carbonate(DPC). The results indicated that MoO_3/SiO_2,TiO_2/SiO_2 showed preferable activity and selectivity. The conversion of DMC and selectivity of products DPC were 24.3% and 37.6% respectively over MoO_3/SiO_2, while 13.7% and 20.0% over TiO_2/SiO_2. In this reaction, SiO_2, compared with Al_2O_3 and MgO, was an excellent carrier of catalyst.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 174-176 [
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177
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Binary Sysem of Phenylphosphorus Dichloride-Phosphorus Trichloride
MA Xiao-li,WANG Li-sheng,WANG Zhong-wei,WU Jun-sheng
The saturated vapor pressure of phenylphosphorus dichloride was measured by static method,and the results were fitted to the Antoine equation and its Antoine coefficients were obtained.The boiling temperatures at atmospheric pressure,over the entire composition range, were measured for the binary system of phosphorus trichloride(1)-phenylphosphorus dichloride(2) by using a standard Swietoslawski type ebulliometer.The experimental t-x data were used to calculate infinite dilution activity coefficient,Wilson equation was used as regression equation to obtain Wilson parameter.The isothermal vapor-liquid equilibria data were deduced.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 177-182 [
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183
Synthesis of Potassium Cyanate
WU Hong~1,GU He-ping~2,LV Xiao-ping~2
Potassium cyanate was prepared by reacting potassium carbonate with urea in a suitable solvent.Reacting conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment.The optimal conditions were:160℃,2.5h,the mole ratio of urea to carbonate was 2.5∶1,the mass ratio of solvent to urea was 8.0∶1,rotating speed of agitator blade was 280r/min.The product contained KOCN 98.39%,the yield was 84.17%.Potassium cyanate was identified by IR.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 183-185 [
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186
Optimization of Distillation Operation Parameters of High Purity 7-hydroxy
FENG Hui-sheng,CHEN Wen-feng,LI Xiao-ping,ZHANG Jun-mei
7-hydroxy is rectified by vacuum distillation with high efficient packed tower with θ filler,the product purity is over 98.5%,99.99% at instant,the yield is over 70%.Through the study of multivariable batch distillation process,the optimized operation parameters were obtained,the pressure is 2kPa—8kPa,the reflux ratio is 4—12.The experimentation indicated that multivariable batch distillation process could improve the yield.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 186-188 [
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189
Prediction of Solid Solubility in Supercritical Fluid by Using BP Neural Newtork
LIAO Hai-qing~1,WU Da-ke~1,CHEN Shu-lin~2
An error back propagation (EBP) artificial neural network with Vogl algorithm was constructed to predict the solubilities of different solids in supercritical fluids.612 experimental point for 21 systems had been trained and predicted,the predicting total average relative error is 4.02%.This method is superior to equation of state method.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 189-192 [
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193
Calculation of H_2O-NH_3-CO_2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibria
WEI Shun-an, XUE Rong-shu
A set of interactive energy parameters of UNIQUAC equation were obtained to calculate the H_2O-NH_3-CO_2 vapor-liquid equilibria for the conditions of temperatures from 323.15K to 473.15K,pressures from 0.2MPa to 8.0MPa,and the maximum NH_3 concentrations up to 0.3 mole fraction.The calculated results of the model were consistent very well with that of the experiments.This method can be used in simulation system of the urea process.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 193-197 [
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198
Progress in Liquid-Solid Magnetically Stabilized Bed
HU Rui-jie~1,LU Li-xiang~1,MENG Xiang-kun~2,BAO Jia-kun~1,MU Xu-hong~2,ZHANG Jin-li~1
Magnetically stabilized bed(MSB),which has the advantages of both packed bed and fluidized bed,has the primary charateristics of low-pressure drops and higher mass transfer coefficients.Magnetically stabilized bed has been used in many fields,such as petrochemical field,biochemical engineering and environmental engineering.The progress on the hydrodynamic behavior,mass transfer,back-mixing and diffusion of the liquid-solid MSB has been reviewed.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 198-200 [
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201
Progress in Oxygen Separation from Air by Pressure Swing Adsorption
LI Jie, ZHOU Li
The progress in oxygen separation from air by pressure swing adsorption(PSA) in recent years was introduced,and the improvement on PSA process and adsorbents used for PSA was described. Further development of oxygen separation from air by PSA was pointed out.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 201-205 [
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206
Fractional Diffusion Equations in Porous Media
JIN Zhao-hui, ZHANG Feng-bao
Porous media can be regarded as stochastic fractal.Diffusion in fractal media,as an anomalous diffusion,is different from that in Euclidean space.Fractional diffusion equation can describe diffusion process in fractal media more exactly than the normal differential diffusion equation.Three influential diffusion equations in fractal media have been discussed.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 206-209 [
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210
Progress in the Technique of Framing Molecular Devices
HUANG Qun-wu,WANG Yi-ping,HU Rui-jie,HAN Li-jun
The development of the super-scale integrate circuits are being limited,more and more attentions have been paid to the use of molecular devices to replace the electronic devices.This paper reviews the sort of molecular devices and their frame in order to promote their development in China.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 210-215 [
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216
Progress in Photo-Catalytic Reaction and Application
ZHAO Yan-qiao,ZHANG Ji-yan,CHEN Ji-xiang
In this paper,the types of photo-catalysts were summarized.Moreover,the recent progress of application research on photo-catalysis in the fields of environmental protection,preparation of metallic catalysts,recovery of noble metals,synthesis of material and health care were reviewed.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 216-219 [
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220
Progress in the Study of Sex Pheromone of Pine Sawfly Diprion Jingyuanensis
MENG Yi~1,CHEN Li-gong~1,XU Yan-jie~1,ZHOU Shu-zhi~2,ZHANG Zhen~2,WANG Hong-bin~2
This paper summarized the progress in the study of sex pheromone of pine sawfly Diprion Jingyuanensis in China.It mainly included the status of sex pheromone research and synthesis of sex pheromone of pine sawfly.The work of authors was described also.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 220-222 [
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223
Biological Effects and Application of Chemical Factors in Biotechnology
LI Xiao-jing
The regulation effect of growth regulator is realized by the interaction between receptive proteins in organism.Growth regulator has been widely used in the regulation of animals and plants,but the study in microorganism is still in former stage.Solubilization is an important property of dispersion agent.Different dispersant has different way in solubilization. At present most common used dispersant in industry is mono-surfactant such as Tween80 which is limited in dispersion and solubilization.The application of multiple surfactants is worth to further discuss.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 223-226 [
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227
Determination of Solid-Liquid Equilibria Data of Dihydroxyphenols
WEI Dong-wei~1,LI Fu-sheng~1,ZHANG Wen-xiang~2
Solid-liquid equilibrium data for binary mixtures of pyrocatechol with resorcinol,pyrocatechol with hydroquinone and hydroquinone with resorcinol were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and their corresponding eutectic type phase diagrams were presented respectively. The eutectics are x _1=(0.507 7) at T =336.3K in pyrocatechol(1)+resorcinol (2); x _1=(0.787 9), T =365.8K in pyrocatechol(1)+hydroquinone (3); x_3 =(0.230 5), T =366.1K in hydroquinone (3)+resorcinol(2).The data were fitted by Wilson formula with standard deviations 0.48K,0.48K and 0.56K,respectively.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 227-230 [
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231
Studies on Potassium Fluoaluminate Eutectic Flux
ZHANG Yun-hui~1,YIN Shu-mei~2,ZHANG Ze-shen~3,LI Ning~2
A series of KF-AlF_3 eutectic products were prepared at different eutectic conditions. The melting points of the products were measured by differential thermal analysis(DTA) and the composites of each products were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. It was suggested that it is good to produce K_2AlF_5·H_2O, an ideal fluxe, at a certain temperature.
2004 Vol. 21 (3): 231-234 [
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