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Current Issue
2021 Vol.38 Issue.6,
Published 2021-11-15
0
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 0-0 [
Abstract
] (
273
) [
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1KB] [
PDF
772KB] (
816
)
1
Editorial: Battery Materials and Resource Recycling Utilization
Xu Shengming
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 1-1 [
Abstract
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298
) [
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1KB] [
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526KB] (
941
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2
Progress on Regeneration and Reutilization of Anode Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries
Liu Dongxu, Cai Muya, Chen Xiang, Xie Hongwei, Ning Zhiqiang, Yin Huayi
The vigorous development of the electric vehicle market produces a large number of spent power batteries. Considering the environmental pollution of hazardous wastes and the scarcity of some resources, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has great economic value and practical significance. In recent years, many efforts have been made in the recovery of cathode materials (such as high-value metal cobalt, nickel, lithium, etc.). Unfortunately, the regeneration of the relatively lower value-added anode materials (mainly graphite) has not gained much attention. However, considering the wide application of carbon-based materials and the higher content of lithium in the anode than that in the environment, the recycling of anode materials has attracted increasing attention since 2016. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest research progress in the recovery of graphite anode materials of spent LIBs, analyzes the strengths and deficiencies of various recovery routes including direct physical recovery, heat treatment recovery, hydrometallurgy recovery, heat treatment-hydrometallurgy recovery, extraction and electrochemical methods from the perspectives of energy, environment and economy; moreover, the reuse of recycled anode materials in the fields of energy storage and preparation of functional materials are also recapitulated. Finally, challenges and future prospects of LIBs anode recycling are proposed, a low energy-consuming and environmentally-benign approach should be explored to enable the green recycling of spent LIBs.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 2-12 [
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511
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3408KB] (
2611
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13
Research Progress on Resource Reuse of Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate
Wang Weizhou, Song Jie, Li Jian, Wang Lihua, Zhao Xiaoyong
The production of lithium-iron phosphate batteries increases with the promotion of new energy vehicles year by year, and the corresponding spent lithium-iron phosphate batteries are also produced in large quantities. If not dealt with in time, it will cause environmental pollution and resource waste. In this paper, the research progress on resource reuse of spent lithium-iron phosphate material in recent years, including separation of spent lithium-iron phosphate materials and current collection, and reuse of spent lithium-iron phosphate materials, which consists of selective extraction of elements, the regeneration etc., then their advantages and disadvantages are summarized, and finally the recycling development direction of the spent lithium-iron phosphate material in the future is prospected.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 13-22 [
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] (
349
) [
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1238KB] (
1644
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23
Progress in Hydrometallurgical Separation and Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries
Jiang Youzhou, Wang Yi, Li Shuzhen, Yan Shuxuan, Zhou Tao, Chen Xiangping
With the rapid development of the lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) industry, the number of spent LiBs will show an explosive growth trend, and recovery of valuable metals from spent LiBs is of great significance both in economic and environment. In order to obtain various valuable products with high purity from lixivium (Li
+
, Co
2+
, Ni
2+
, Mn
2+
, etc.) during the recycling of waste LiBs through wet chemistry, a systematic summary of the separation technology of various metal ions from lixivium were introduced. The application process and development status of metal ion separation in the lixivium mainly include chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, adsorption method, membrane separation, electrodeposition, etc. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies were compared, and the key issues and development trends of the separation of valuable metals from waste LiBs were discussed. The analysis pointed out that the key of the current separation technology is the difficulties in purification owing to similar properties of valuable metals, and the increasing costs by large amount of reagent consumption. The future separation technologies for different valuable metals should focus on the development of low-cost, environmentally friendly separation technologies.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 23-33 [
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] (
379
) [
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2183KB] (
2172
)
34
Advances in Preparing and Recycling Lithium Cobalt Oxide Materials by Electrochemical Method
Huang Jinfeng, Han Yunhui, Hu Ling, Chen Mengjun, Shu Jiancheng, Wang Rong
Lithium cobalt oxide battery has played an important role in industrial production and daily-life since its commercialization. Electrochemical method is simple, efficient and environmentally friendly, and is widely used in the preparation and recovery of lithium cobalt oxide materials. Therefore, state-of-art lithium cobalt oxide materials of lithium-ion batteries prepared and recovery by electrochemical approach is systematically reviewed, especially its process, principles and electrochemical properties of the obtained products. This article is of great significance to the development of electrochemical methods in the field of preparation and recovery of LiCoO
2
materials.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 34-45 [
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] (
329
) [
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4771KB] (
1561
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46
Study on the Leaching of Spent NCM Cathode Metals Assisted by Walnut Shell-based Low Temperature Reduction
Yuan Peng, Ma Haofei, Shen Boxiong, Ji Zhiyong
Concerning the bottleneck problem of efficient recovery of valuable metals in spent ternary lithium-ion batteries, a method of low-temperature carbothermal reduction with biomass as reductant to strengthen the leaching of valuable metals in cathode materials was proposed. The effect of low-temperature carbothermal reduction pretreatment with walnut shell as reducing agent on the leaching and recovery efficiency of metals from spent NCM523 cathode was studied. The results showed that there is an obvious phase transition peak in the mixture than walnut shell or spent NCM523 in the lower temperature range of 450~500℃. Li
2
CO
3
in the reduction product can be recovered efficiently after water washing; After washing by citric acid, 45.53%, 47.49% and 90.08% of Ni, Co and Mn could be recycled from the leaching solution, respectively.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 46-52 [
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] (
272
) [
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5354KB] (
836
)
53
Knowledge Map Analysis of Lithium Extraction from Salt-lake Brine: A Visual Analysis Using Citespace
Ma Chaoqun, Huang Haigang, He Lihua
With the rapid development of new energy industry, the demand for lithium is surging, and thus lithium extraction from salt lake is getting more and more attention. Based on WOS database and literature analysis software Citespace, the literatures on lithium extraction from salt lakes from 1999 to 2020 was analyzed. The results show that the field is in a rapid development stage after decades of accumulation. China is in the leading position in the R&D strength and has strong research institutions, but the cross-institutional cooperation is relatively low. At present, the main methods for lithium extraction from salt lake brines are ion exchange adsorption, membrane separation, solvent extraction and electrochemical method, etc. Among them, electrochemical method has received wide attention as an emerging technology, and is one of the lithium extraction methods with great potential for future development.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 53-64 [
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316
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4212KB] (
1334
)
65
Study on the Reduction Acid Leaching Behavior of the Cathode Materials of Hybrid Lithium Ion Batteries Waste
Weng Yaqing, Yan Nanfu, Cui Hongmin, Wang Shuang
For the purpose of high-efficiency separation and leaching of the valuable metal elements in spent lithium ion battery cathode materials, two blended compositions have been designed:LiCoO
2
and Li(Ni
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
)O
2
, LiMn
2
O
4
and Li(Ni
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
)O
2
. Effects of reducing agent, concentration of sulfuric acid, leaching temperature, and liquid-solid ratio on the leaching process were investigated in details. The optimal leaching parameters of LiCoO
2
and Li(Ni
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
)O
2
waste are:leaching temperature 80℃, reaction time 90 minutes, H
2
SO
4
concentration 2.3 mol·L
-1
, ratio of liquid and solid
R
=8 mL·g
-1
, The amount of reducing agent Na
2
SO
3
=1.2 times the theoretical amount. The optimal leaching experiment parameters of mixed waste composed of LiMn
2
O
4
and Li(Ni
1/3
Co
1/3
Mn
1/3
)O
2
are:leaching temperature 60℃, reaction time 90 minutes, H
2
SO
4
concentration 2.3 mol· L
-1
,
R
=8 mL·g
-1
, the amount of reducing agent Na
2
SO
3
=1.2 times the theoretical amount. The obtained leaching law provides a reference idea for the wide adaptability of the recovery process of mixed lithium-ion battery cathode waste.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 65-73 [
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] (
270
) [
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1KB] [
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11379KB] (
859
)
74
Research Progress on Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow and Numbering-up Strategy in Microchannel
Guo Rongwei, Fu Taotao, Zhu Chunying, Ma Youguang
The key step of micro-chemical technology from basic research to industrial application is the process scale-up. To achieve high throughput, easy controllability and continuous production, the studies on micro-chemical process are primarily focused on the stability of multiphase flow in single microchannel and the numbering-up strategy of microchannels. In this paper, the flow pattern of gas-liquid two-phase flow and its influence on mass transfer in single microchannel are reviewed. The flow stability and mass transfer efficiency of gas-liquid two-phase flow in microchannel are clarified. Meanwhile, the application status of micro-chemical technology is reviewed, which proves the potential of micro-chemical technology in industrial application. Furthermore, the research progress of numbering-up strategy of microchannel including symmetric and asymmetric amplification are reviewed and the flow distribution and its influence on the mass transfer in parallel microchannels are summarized. Finally, the future research directions are prospected.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 74-86 [
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] (
269
) [
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3420KB] (
1813
)
87
Investigation of Emulsification and Combustion Performance of Highly Viscous Biocrude Oil
Liu Songtao, Zhao Shuchun, Wang Yifei, Li Wei
Biocrude oil residuals, which are produced through the hydrothermal liquefaction of livestock and poultry waste, are hard to be utilized owing to the feature of high viscosity, poor fluidity and sensitive polymerization, etc. To solve this problem, a series of teethed high shear mixers (HSMs) with different stator-rotor configurations were designed, and studied the effects of the rotor diameter, the shear gap, the teeth number and height on the size of droplets in the emulsified samples. Further, adopting the optimal HSM, the influences of the emulsification operating time, the rotor speed and the biocrude oil content on the emulsification performance were investigated, and the combustion performances of the emulsified samples were tested. The results show that the droplet size of the emulsified samples decreases notably with the increase of the rotor speed or the entension of the operating time. The emulsified samples containing 10% biocrude oil has the largest droplet size less than 10 μm after the emulsification under the rotor speed of 7 700 r·min
-1
and the operating time of 30 min. The combustion efficiency of the emulsified samples can be improved greatly, the combustion efficiency of the HSM-emulsified samples containing 15% biocrude oil is up to 95.3%, whereas the combustion efficiency reduces as the biocrude oil content increases further.
2021 Vol. 38 (6): 87-94 [
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] (
270
) [
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1KB] [
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6659KB] (
1006
)
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