A series of Ni₂P/SiO₂ catalysts were prepared by the temperature-programmed reduction method from the precursors derived from different P sources (ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP) and hypophosphorous acid(HA)). The effect of reduction temperature on the structure and performance of the catalysts prepared with HA as phosphrous source for the deoxygenation of methyl laurate was studied by means of H₂-TPR, XRD, CO chemisorption, NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPD and activity test. For the precursor with HA as phosphrous source, as the reduction temperature increased, the crystallite size of Ni₂P and CO uptake of the prepared catalyst increased, while the content of phosphrous and acid amount on the catalyst surface decreased. Moreover, the activities of the prepared catalysts for the deoxygenation of methyl laurate tended to increase. This is closely related to the increase of the amount of Ni sites and the decrease of the phosphrous content. Compared with that with ADPas phosphrous source, the Ni₂P/SiO₂ catalyst with HAas phosphrous source preferably catalyzed the hydrodeoxygenation pathway, which may result from its stronger acidity.

A series of the Au/Al₂O₃/Mn₂O₃ catalysts with different Au loadings were prepared by the mechanical mixing method, and their catalytic activities on the NO_x storage-reduction (NSR) were studied. Results showed that the Au loading had the significant influence on the NSR activity. The catalyst showed very poor NSR activity when the Au loading was less than 1.0%. The reason might be that the low Au loading with a high gold dispersion would lead to a strong metal-support interaction over the Au/Al₂O₃/Mn₂O₃ catalyst. As a result, the gold oxides were difficultly reduced to Au⁰ at 150℃. Contrarily, the catalyst showed the much better NSR activity when the Au loading was above 1.0%. It is because the size of the Au particles increased with the increase of Au loading, which consequently induced the weaker metal-support interaction as compared with the low Au loading catalysts. Thus, the gold oxides could be readily reduced to Au⁰ at 150℃. Herein, the Au/Al₂O₃/Mn₂O₃ catalyst with the 2.0% Au loading presented the best NSR performance: the NO_x conversion and the N₂ selectivity could reach 49.6% and 71.9%, respectively.

The effective one-pot conversion of cellulose to sorbitol is an important way to prepare high value-added chemicals from cellulose. The one-pot conversion of cellulose is affected by the acid hydrolysis and the hydrogenation of catalyst simultaneously. In this article, catalysts with the combination of various nanosized acid metallic oxides and Ru/CMK-3 were used in the hydrolytic hydrogenation of cellulose to sorbitol. The combination of nanosized γ-Al₂O₃ and Ru/CMK-3 catalyst showed a relatively higher conversion of cellulose and better sorbitol selectivity. A cellulose conversion of 49.8% and a sorbitol selectivity of 91.3% were obtained under the optimum conditions. The acid sites and the hydrogenation sites of various combination catalysts and the distribution characteristics of the reaction products were also discussed. The result shows that the match between the acid sites and the hydrogenation sites is crucial to obtain the high selectivity of sorbitol. When the acid function is too dominant, glucose formed by hydrolysis of cellulose can not be quickly hydrogenated. This free glucose will start to degrade into byproducts (5-HMF), which leads to the low selectivity of sorbitol.

The supported copper catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction were prepared and characterized by TEM analysis. Effects of solvent, pickling solution, Cu loading and calcination temperature on the catalytic performances of supported copper catalysts were studied in detail at an atmospheric fixed bed reactor. With 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid as solvent, 1 mol/L H₃PO₄ as pickling solution, Cu loading of 15% and calcination at 500℃, supported copper catalyst Cu/C was of high dispersity and high catalytic activity for acetylene hydrochlorination. Under the reaction conditions of total gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 180 h^-1, V(HCl)/V(C₂H₂)=1.1, Cu loading of 15%, reaction temperature of 180℃, the conversion of acetylene was up to 68%, the selectivity to vinyl chloride was more than 99.5% and a good stability was observed. Under the reaction conditions of 540 h^-1, catalytic activity will decrease due to the aggregation and crystallization of active components.

The initiation and competitive polymerization mechanism of 2, 2-dihydroperoxybutane (T4) accelerated by cobalt naphthenate to initiate styrene/diethyl fumarate was studied by radical trapping method and high pressure liquid chromatogram-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS) with 4-benzyloxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (T) as scavenger. The reaction pathways of T4-cobalt initiated polymerization were proposed based on this experiment. T4 can be accelerated by cobalt ion to generate alkoxyl radical, which majorly undergo β-scission to form ethyl radical and peroxyacetic acid, while peroxyacetic acid can decompose to produce methyl and hydroxyl radical. The generated methyl, ethyl, ethyl oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are the major source of initiating styrene and diethyl fumarate. As for the competitive initiation to styrene and diethyl fumarate, ethyl radical is more prone to initiate diethyl fumarate, methyl radical is easier to initiate styrene, and hydroxyl radical can only initiate styrene. Besides, there exists hydrogen abstraction and transfer in these highly active radicals.

The conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to predict appropriate solvent for the crystallization process of L-alanyl-L-glutamine in this paper. As a result of the prediction, isopropanol was applied to the process as the optimal solvent which was verified by experiments. The solubility data and solution thermodynamic properties of L-alanyl-L-glutamine were measured from 293.15 K to 318.15 K in the isopropanol-water binary systems. Then the modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, van't Hoff equation and (NIBS) Redlich-Kister equation were used to fit the solubility data. L-alanyl-L-glutamine crystals with improved shape were obtained by the combined cooling with anti-solvent crystallization process in isopropanol-water systems.

Maleic anhydride modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was introduced into molecularly imprinting as a novel functional monomer and combined with photonic crystal to fabricate a molecularly imprinted photonic polymer (MIPP). Reactive β-CD monomer carrying vinyl carboxylic acid functional groups was firstly synthesized in our work, then the MIPP film with an opal structure was fabricated by filling precursor solution containing template (norfloxacin), functional monomers, crosslinker (N, N'-methylene bisacrylamide), initiator (ammonium persulfate) into the interstitial spaces of polystyrene photonic crystal templates, followed by a thermal polymerization at 55℃. The three-dimensional, highly-ordered and interconnected macroporous array inverse MIPP was obtained after the templates were removed by ultrasounded in xylene. The MIPP film can response norfloxacin within one minute, when the concentration of norfloxacin increased from 10^-9 mol/L to 10^-4 mol/L, the diffraction wavelength of the photonic crystal shifted from 633 nm to 722 nm. However, the NIPP film did not exhibit significant response.

Metal-Ceramic sealing is a key technology for the sealing of vacuum electronic devices. In order to improve the sealing performance of alumina ceramics, the first metallization of alumina ceramics is conducted by using the molybdenum-manganese activation method with tungsten-based sealing materials. Furthermore, the second metallization of alumina ceramics is carried out by an electroless plating of Ni-P. To solve the difficulty of the surface activating, a novel method combining grinding and acid etching is proposed for pretreatment of tungsten-based sealing materials. The results show that the Ni-P plating obtained after the pretreatment is smooth and dense. The bonding force between the first metallization coating and second metallization coating is good.

The adsorption isotherms of methane, ethane, propane and butane were measured by a volumetric method on activated carbon AC1 at 283, 293, 303 and 313 K. Adsorption characteristic of AC1 was determined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. The BET surface area and pore volume calculated from the isotherm are 956 m²·g^-1 and 1.36 mL·g^-1, respectively. The pore size mainly distributes from 1 nm to 5 nm and the rate of mesopores is about 61%. Langmuir equation and Langmuir-Freundlich equation (L-F equation) were applied to fit the adsorption isotherms of methane, ethane, propane and butane. It is showed that all the isotherms are type I isotherms, and L-F equation is better than Langmuir equation to describe the isotherms, which provide fundamental data for the further research on multi-component adsorption equilibrium. The equilibrium adsorption selectivity coefficient of ethane/propane on AC1 is approximately 1.7-2.5. The adsorption selectivity is decreased under a higher adsorption pressure, while adsorption temperature has no significant effect on its selectivity.

A novel strategy for preparation technology of conductive cotton was proposed and verified by control experiments. The strategy is to coat a slurry with specific composition of conductive agent, far-infrared agents and adhesives P onto the cotton and then conductive cotton was achieved after a considerate drying process. Firstly, the effect of adding amount of conductive agent to slurry were investigated and a orthogonal experiment was designed and carried on with stirring time, wetting time and the mass ratio of the conductive agent to a binder being taken as affecting factors. An optimum reaction parameters were acquired, under which the electricity resistance of as-prepared conductive fabric was significantly reduced. Secondly, the role of far-infrared agent (titanium dioxide) on far-infrared radiation effect of conductive fabric was investigated under acquired optimum conditions. The best far-infrared effect was achieved at a mass fraction of 7.14% for titanium dioxide. It can be expected the technique developed in this paper would be a simple, cost competitive to prepare functional fabric for health care application.

Hydrodynamic performance of reaction liquid seepage catalyst packing were measured in a catalytic distillation column with air-water system in an organic glass column with a diameter of 206 mm at ambient pressure and temperature. The effect of various ratio of gas phase flow area and loading height of catalyst of the novel packing on the hydrodynamic performance were investigated. Correlations for the pressure drop and liquid holdup in the catalyst bed and flooding point were obtained by the least square method. And the average errors are under ±4.5%, which could be reference to the design of engineering.

Due to the unique separation functions of divalent ions, nanofiltration membrane separation technology has extensive market application in seawater desalination, water softening treatment and other fields. In this paper, a hybrid desalination process of 'nanofiltration plus energy recovery device' was developed according to the energy-saving requirement of a practical seawater nanofiltration engineering. Operating characteristics of the hybrid desalination system were studied and analyzed by adopting the proprietary energy recovery device. What's more, the actual contribution of the integrated energy recovery device to the nanofiltration system was evaluated. The results indicate that the operation stability of the hybrid system is good, the efficiency of the energy recovery device can be up to 96.28%, which dramatically reduces the power consumption of the seawater nanofiltration system by about 44%.

For a better application of the manganese acid lithium ion battery in the field of energy storage, it is necessary to master not only output performance but also internal characteristics. A commercial manganese acid lithium ion battery was measured by electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) under the state of charge (SOC) ranging from 100% to 0%. By a supposed equivalent circuit and the afterwards fitting, parameters of every element in the circuit that represent Li⁺ intercalation/deintercalation or charge transfer were obtained. As a new battery, the electrochemical reaction resistance is bigger than the ohmic resistance. It increases while SOC gradually lowers. In addition, the diffusion impedance also increases while SOC decreases less than 20%. The capacitive effect caused by electrochemical reactions is weaker than that caused by charge diffusion. However, after 700 cycles at 1 C at 45℃, the electrochemical reaction resistance increases obviously whereas the capacitive effect caused by electrochemical reaction is weakened.

The cathode flooding problem and the methanol crossover effect, together with the cost and availability of precious-metal catalyst, are major obstacles for the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technologies. The direct methanol redox fuel cell (DMRFC) cathode employs a liquid-based Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ redox couple which avoids the effect of fuel crossover, cathode flooding and reduces the total platinum group metal content. A two-dimensional two-phase model for DMRFC has been developed to predict the performance of the cell by using simulation software of Comsol Multiphysics4.2a. The results show that increasing the thickness of anode catalyst layer, decreasing the thickness of anode diffusion layer and increasing Fe³⁺ concentration will improve the performance of DMRFC. However, when increasing the thickness of anode catalyst layer above 5×10^-5 m and the concentration of Fe³⁺ higher than 1.41 mol/L, the performance of DMRFC is hardly improved.

An airlift external-loop photocatalytic reactor (AELPR) was developed for high temperature and UV-light aging test of dimethyl silicone oil, which was used as working liquid in liquid-immersed concentrating photovoltaic systems. 3-D numerical simulations of the reactor were carried out by Fluent software with RNG k-ε turbulent model and Euler-Eulerian two-phase model. Effect of reactor structure parameters, operation parameters and physical parameters of silicone oil on the gas-liquid two phase flow has been simulated and analyzed. The detailed distribution of internal circulation liquid velocity and gas holdup were obtained and the reactor structure was optimized as well by the simulation. The numerical simulation results and experimental results are in good agreement. The simulation results show that circulation liquid velocity increases and gas holdup decreases with liquid viscosity decreasing, the suitable superficial gas velocity is less than 0.02 m/s, and the optimum reactor height to diameter ratio and annular area ratio is 47.6 and 0.31-0.41, respectively.

The circular distributor plays an important role in uniform distribution of the coolant in the shell side of multi-tubular fixed bed reactor. In this paper, a three-dimensional industrial scale circular distributor physical model was established and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was employed to simulate the variable mass flow inside the circular distributor in the shell-side of multi-tubular fixed-bed reactor. The improved model was adopted with uneven distributing holes, using ellipse form inlet and setting two 45° deflector baffles on both sides respectively. Velocity and static pressure distribution inside the circular distributor were investigated, which were also compared with those inside the traditional distributor. The effects of number of outlet distributed holes and inlet molten salt flow rate on the performance of molten salt uniform distribution in the shell-side were also researched. Compared with traditional distributor, the improved circular distributor had a better performance. The improved distributor with 24 distributed holes can meet the requirements of the uniform distribution of fluid. When the number of distributed holes was more than 36, the situation of fluid uniform distribution was basically stable. With the decrease of inlet molten salt flow rate, fluctuation of static pressure at the inlet was weakened, which reduced energy consumption and had a better performance on the uniform distribution of fluid.