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Current Issue
2003 Vol.20 Issue.5,
Published 2003-09-15
Article
Article
251
Preparation of Isobutene by Slurry Catalytic Distillation Process
XUE Yan1,XU Jing1,XU Chun-jian1,ZHOU Ming1,SHENG Zhao-shun2,SHANG Jian-feng2
A novel catalytic distillation process is studied on the dehydration of tertbutyl alcohol as a model reaction in which a particulate catalyst is slurried in one of the reactant streams and fed into a distillation column reactor which is packed with θ rings. For the dehydration of tertbutyl alcohol,the fine particles of acid cation exchange resin are used as catalyst. The effects of catalyst concentration,operating pressure and feed composition on the conversion ratio of tertbutyl alcohol are experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the conversion ratio of tertbutyl alcohol can come up to 9999%.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 251-255 [
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256
Study on Preparation Technology of Nanoscale TiO_2 with Sol-Gel Method
LIAO Dong-liang1,XIAO Xin-yan*1,ZHANG Hui-ping1,WAN Cai-xia2,CHEN Huan-qin1
In this paper,we prepared nanoscale TiO2 with Ti(OC4H9)4 through solgel method.With the work on several important factors,got the optimal technological conditions for preparing nanoscale TiO2,that is nTi(OC4H9)4∶nH2O∶nC2H5(OH)=1∶2～3∶6～8,the pH of mixture should be adjusted to between 2 and 3,H2O and part of C2H5(OH) mixture should be feed slowly. The suitable temperature of hydrolysis and gel reaction is between 25℃～30℃.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 256-260 [
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261
Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Sulphate-Hydrogen Peroxide-Sodium Chloride
ZHAO Hong-kun,REN Bao-zeng1,LUO Ting-liang1,WANG Hong-xian2,LIU Guo-ji1
This paper is concerned in preparation of the adduct sodium sulphate-Hydrogen Peroxide-Sodium Chloride using low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (30% mass fraction),In addition,the adduct was characterized by using IR spectrum,X-ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis.Results showed that its crystal is prismatic form,the purity of the adduct is 993%.The IR spectrum and X-ray powder diffraction are well accordance with reported in literature.The thermal decomposition temperature of the compound is 437.4K,The adduct sodium sulphate-hydrogen peroxide-sodium chloride shows higher stability than other perhydrate.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 261-265 [
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266
Synthesis of 2-Methylpyrazine by Ethylenediamine and Propylene Oxide
FENG Ya-qing, WU Peng,ZHOU Li-shan,MENG Shu-xian
2-Methylpyrazine has been synthesized by gas-solid contact catalysis of ethylene diamine with propylene oxide in fixed-bed reactor.The optimum conditions are obtained.The preheating temperature is 260℃.The reaction temperature is 380℃.The molar ratio of propylene oxide and ethylene diamine is 12∶1 and its flow rate is 6mL/h.The flow rates of hydrogen and nitrogen are both 4L/h.The yield of 2-methylpyrazine is above 89%.After seperating,the purified of 2-methylpyrazine is above 99%.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 266-269 [
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270
Treatment of Organic Wastewater Containing Heavy Metal by a Novel Technology
WANG Da-wei,JIANG Bin,LI Tian-cheng,YUAN Shao-jun,LI Xin-gang,DENG Rui-jun
The effect of heavy metal ions and electricity on degradation of organic compound by microbe is studied in this paper.A novel technology to dispose organic wastewater containing heavy metal ions by adding outer electric field to the activated sludge system is developed.The results show:microbe activity is strongly restrained by Cu2+;when outer electricity intensity is 50mA,microbe activity is not influenced,but it is restrained when outer electricity intensity is 100mA.Wastewater containing 500mg/L C6H12O6 and 10mg/L Cu2+(mass concentration)has been disposed in a activated sludge system added 50mA outer electricity intensity.After disposal,the concentrations of C6H12O6 and Cu2+ in the egress water are 20mg/L～30mg/L and 0.5mg/L,respectively,which reach the national standard of discharge wastewater.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 270-274 [
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275
Study on C_3 Streams Selective Hydrogenation with Distillation and Catalyst
LIAO Li-hua,CHENG Jian-ming,WANG Zhi-jun,WU Qing-feng
This paper discussed the effects of catalyst and process parameters on the C3 streams selective hydrogenation.Testing data in diameter 100mm of tower showed that 3.17mol fraction of MAPD in feed could be removed to 10μmol/mol,propylene recovery is greater than 102%.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 275-278 [
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279
A Study on the Superheat Limit Temperatures of Emulsion for n-Alkane-Surfactant-Water
JIN Hui-fen,LI Song-lin,PANG Wei,XIAO Yan-fan
The superheat limit temperatures of n-alkane-surfactant-water emulsion systems have been measured by using the liquid column method.According to the data which have been measured,the superheat limit temperatures decrease with increasing concentration of surfactant and increase with increasing quantity of water.To explain such effects, the surfactant adsorbed on the interface accelerates the nucleation rate has been assumed.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 279-281 [
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282
Phenol Methylation with Methanol over Modified HZSM-5
HAN Sen1,ZHANG Kui1,ZHANG Fu-ying2emical Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;2.NanKai University Library,Tianjin 300071,China)
The reaction of phenol methylation with methanol over modified HZSM-5 with P2O5,MgO,Sb2O3 was investigated at the reaction temperature of 673K,phenol/methanol(molar ratio) of 1:1,and WHSV of 05 h-1.The modification of HZSM-5 with P2O5,MgO,and Sb2O3 could increase the selectivities to anisole and methylanisole.However,it decreases the selectivities to Xylenol and Cresol in the reaction.Increasing the amount of those oxides could enhance the selectivity to o-Cresol.Moderate impregnation of those oxides could improve the selectivity to p-Cresol in the reaction and the effects had the sequence:Sb2O3>P2O5>MgO.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 282-285 [
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286
Modeling of Association Properties of Ionic Surfactants
LI Xue-cheng1,WANG Yi-ping1,TIAN Qing2,HAN Yong-cai1,LI Wei1
Self-assembly properties of surfactants play important roles in the biomimetic synthesis,which makes use of surfactants as templates.It is time-consuming and highly expensive to determine the optimal self-assembles from thousand of surfactants only through experimental observations.In this paper,a model for self-assembly of an ionic surfactant is established based on thermodynamic principles,which involves free energy changes resulted from the tail-solvent interactions,micelle-solvent interface interactions,and head-head interactions.In comparison with references data and experiment results,it is indicated that the critical micelle concentration (CMC),the aggregate number,and the size distribution of micelles can be estimated very well using this model.This study is useful to guide the optimization of self-assembles of surfactants and also fundamental to investigate the mechanism of biomimetic synthesis.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 286-291 [
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Modeling of Liquid Circulation in Bubble Columns
GUO Ying-feng, LIU Hui, LI Cheng-yuens
In this paper,an one dimensional flow model incorporating a new turbulence closure relation based on the turbulence theory is proposed for prediction of the liquid velocity and Reynolds shear stress distributions in bubble columns.It is demonstrated that the predicted results of the mean flow parameters are very sensitive to the eddy viscosities that are dependent on flow regimes.For flows in the homogeneous turbulence regime,it is found that the eddy viscosity correlation presented by the present authors gives the closer predicted results to the experimental data,while in the churn turbulence regime,the Burns and Rice correlation is recommended for predicting of the liquid velocity distributions.The main advantage of the present aproach is that estimation of the flow parameters in the design of bubble columns can be made in a consistent and predictive way.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 292-296 [
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297
The Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution for Hydrogen and Its Application in the Synthesis of 4-Aminodiphenylamine
LIU Teng-fei, WANG Ya-quanal Engineering,Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)
The nucleophilic aromatic substitution for hydrogen reaction is an environmentally benign organic synthesis reaction.4-aminodiphenylamine is an important industrial intermediate.In its synthesis process the pollution is very serious.Flexsys company applied the nucleophilic aromatic substitution for hydrogen reaction to the synthesis of 4-aminodiphenylamine and solved the pollution problem.For this contribution,they were awarded the 1998 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Prize.The traditional synthesis methods of 4-aminodiphenylamine,the mechanism of nucleophilic aromatic substitution for hydrogen reaction and the application of nucleophilic aromatic substitution for hydrogen in the synthesis of 4-aminodiphenylamine were reviewed.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 297-302 [
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303
Research and Development of Biomaterial-Bone Cement
CAO De-yong, SONG Xue-feng, CHEN Yi-ping, LU Shao-jie, YAO Kang-de
This paper reviewed the research and development of bone cement.It mostly focused on the first generation bone cement poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) which has the same mechanical qualities as bone,mostly is inertia material and the second generation bone cement hydroxyapatite(HA) which can be absorbed and biodecomposed.We focused on the development of the composite of HA and biodecomposed materials and prospected the application of bone cement.
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 303-309 [
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310
The One Step Synthesis of Indole over Ag/SiO_2 Catalyst
GAO Ning 1,FU Bin 2,ZHENG Wei-ming 2,WANG Guang-bai 2,WANG Quan-yi 2
2003 Vol. 20 (5): 310-313 [
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