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Current Issue
2010 Vol.27 Issue.3,
Published 2010-05-15
Article
Article
189
Isolation and Characterization of a Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterial Strain
REN Hua-feng,ZHANG Yu-shan,WANG Jing,ZHANG Xiao-qing,CHENG Yu
A bacterial strain SY095 was isolated from the sludge samples polluted by the municipal solid waste in the beach of Bohai sea. It was identified as Rhodococcus sp. according to its phenotype,physio-logical and chemical properties,and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results indicated that strain SY095 could produce bioemulsifier efficiently when n-hexadecane was used as carbon source. The opti- mal conditions for the synthesis of bioemulsifier were: 10 g /L of n-hexadecane,media initial pH 7. 2, cultivation was carried out for 2 d at 30 ℃ on a rotary shaker at 160 r /min. Under these conditions the surface tension of culture decreased to the lowest value,around 32 mN /m,after 2 d. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the bioemulsifier was 75 mg /L.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 189-194 [
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Preparation of Calcium Sulphate Whisker Using Seawater or Brine
CAO Dong-mei,ZHANG Jia-kai,GAO Chun-juan,WANG Yu-qi,ZHANG Yu-shan
Calcium sulphate whisker was prepared by hydrothermal method using seawater or brine as raw material. The effects of the concentration of calcium sulphate,reaction temperature,stirring speed and pH value on the content of calcium sulfate hemihydrate were studied and the optimum conditions were de- termined: the concentration of calcium sulphate was 8% ,reaction temperature was 130 ℃ ,stirring speed was 150 r /min and pH value of medium was 7. The structure of calcium sulphate whisker was analyzed by polarizing microscope,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that calcium sulphate whisker has good morphology.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 195-198 [
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199
Atmospheric Gas-Liquid Phase Equilibrium of Bromine-Concentrated Seawater System
CAI Rong-hua,LIU Wei,ZHANG Hui-feng,YAO Ying, WANG Ying,WANG Guo-qiang,ZHANG Yu-shan
The bromine extraction processes by air blow-out method from seawater and brine have been widely used at home and abroad. In this paper,the gas-liquid equilibrium data for bromine-concentrated seawater at 30 ℃ and 40 ℃ at atmospheric were obtained with the bubble equilibrium equipment. All experimental equilibrium data were carried out by using Margules Equation for liquid phase and ideal e- quation for gas phase. The parameters of Margules model for the system were regressed by nonlinear least square method,and the calculated data from Margules model accorded well with the experimental data.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 199-204 [
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2010 Vol. 27 (3): 204-204 [
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Preparation and Aggregation Behavior of Chitosan with Different Degrees of Deacetylation
WANG Li-xia
The degree of deacetylation has a great effect on the physiochemical and bioactive properties of chitosan. In this paper,the acetylation of chitosan in acetic acid-water-methonal solution was studied, the influence of reaction time and chitosan mass concentration were investigated,and the reaction conditions were optimized. The results showed that 6 h was enough for acetic anhydride to be fully reacted,no necessary to take 24 h as reported. The experimental data of gel permeation chromatography suggested there was little effect on weight average molar mass of chitosan by acetylation,but molar mass distribution of chitosan became boarder after acetylation. Taken 6 h as reaction time,chitosan with different degree of deacetylation were prepared through altering the addition amount of acetic anhydride. Steady-state fluo- rescence spectroscopy suggested that critical aggregation concentration( CAC) of chitosan increased with the decrease of chitosan degree of deacetylation.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 205-209 [
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210
Preparation and Visible-light Photocatalytic Properties of Titania Nanowires by Inorganic Salt Liquid Source Template Method
QU Zhao-juan1,2,JI Hui-ming1,2,XU Ming-xia1,2,JIANG Lin1,2,YUAN Dong-fang1,2
In this paper,inorganic salt TiOSO4 was used as raw material to prepare titania nanowires which diameters are 30 nm to 70 nm. The titania nanowires were prepared by porous anodic alumina ( PAA) template and sol-electrophoresis technique. It is found that the structure of nanowires could be controlled by designing the porous shape of PAA. The nanowires prepared by inorganic materials are different from those prepared by organic materials. Pure titania has shown very high visible-light photocatalytic properties. This is because there are some undecomposed yellow complexes of peroxotitanic acid distributing on the surface of anatase nanocrystals. These complexes can absorb visible-light and make titania photoacti- vated.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 210-213 [
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2010 Vol. 27 (3): 213-213 [
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Fluorinated Resin Catalyst in Hydration Reaction of Isobutene
WANG Jin-ming1,LIU Wen-fei2
A new kind of fluorinated resin was developed by fluorination of strong acid macroporous ion exchange resins. Fluoride ion and acid base were closely integrated to reduce the shedding of sulfonic acid groups,thereby enhancing the resin is thermal stability. The new resin was tested by isobutene hy- dration for synthesis of tert-butyl alcohol in the pilot plant. The results showed that hydration reaction conversion increased 10% —20% approximately,water conductivity decreased 1 /3—1 /2. It indicated that the heat-resistance of the catalytic resin could be greatly increased by fluorination. The sulfonic groups became difficult to fall off after fluorination,thus expanding the scope of application of catalytic resin.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 214-218 [
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Effects of Ethanolamines Catalysts on Synthesis of Silica Aerogel
WANG Wen-jin,WANG Xue-feng,HUANG Xue-li
With tetraethyoxysilane ( TEOS) as the source of silicon,hydrochloric acid as acid catalyst, ethanolamines or their aqueous solutions as basic catalyst,SiO2 aerogel was prepared by sol-gel technique and dried under the conditions of negative pressure and temperature programm. The ethanolamines have the properties of the ammonia and the ethanol,the effects of concentration,amount and catalytic ability of ethanolamines on the performance of aerogel were investigated in silica aerogel synthesis. The results showed that the catalytic ability of ethanolamines catalysts was mono-ethanolamines ( MET) > di-ethanolamines (DEA) > tri-ethanolamines (TEA),the appropriate ratio of DEA /TEOS(mol /mol) were 17 × 10 -3,17 × 10 -3,51 × 10 - 3 respectively and the optimal concentration of aqueous solutions(V /V) were 1∶ 20,1 ∶ 5,1 ∶ 2 respectively. The SiO2 aerogel has well configuration,high porosity ( more than 88. 68% ) and large surface area (about 687 m2 /g).
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 219-223 [
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Preparing of Alumina Powder from Hainan Kaolin
XU Shu-ying,ZHANG Yong-ming,PAN Li-sha
Using Hainan kaolin as raw material to prepare alumina powder can reduce the cost,improve the kaolin's additional value,and have significance role to Hainan economic development. Orthogonal experiment was carried out to study the influence of concentration of HCl,the temperature of acid and drygelatin calcining temperature on the leaching rate of alumina and the crystallinity. The experimental results show that dry-gelatin calcining temperature has the greatest influence. The optimization of the leac- hing yield of alumina and crystallinity can be achieved when the temperature of acid at 95 ℃ ,reacted within HCl of 333 mg /L,and dry-gelatin calcining temperature of 950 ℃ .
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 224-228 [
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Determination of Organic Residues in Macroreticular Resin
MIN Hui-zhong,MENG Shu-xian,FENG Ya-qing,BIAN Hui,HONG Yu-chun,YANG Jia-ling
Organic residues in macroporous adsorption resins were detected by gas chromatography. Four types of resins were selected to represent the strong polar resin,the polar resin,the weak polar resin and the nonpolar resin,respectively. The resins were extracted by alcohol under four different conditions,and then the extracted liquids were detected by gas chromatography. The influences of pH value and ultrasonic effect were investigated. The results showed that the contents of organic residues varied greatly in 4 kinds of conditions and totally 13 kinds of residues were found in this method. With ultrasonic extraction by alcohol,most organic residues were detected,which means it is an effective method to treat macro- porous adsorption resins before they are used in food and medicine product. This conclusion may be used to guide the determination of organic residues in macroreticular resin.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 229-232 [
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Anti-Corrosion Properties of Polyaniline Coating on X70 Steel
SU Dan-dan,YANG Xiao-xia,JIA Qing-ming
In this paper,the anticorrosion properties of polyaniline coating on X70 steel in acid (5% HNO3 ),weak alkaline (saturated Na2CO3),alkaline (5% KOH) solution were studied by using polarization and AC impedance technique. The results showed that polyaniline coat had an obvious anticorrosive effect on X70 steel in all these three kinds of solutions,and in a short period of time,polyaniline in acidic solution showed the best anticorrosive properties. In addition,saturated Na2CO3 solution was used to simulate the soil environment,so that we could study the changing discipline of X70 steel electrode covered with polyaniline film. Polarization and AC impedance analysis showed that polyaniline had perdurable anticorrosive properties to X70 steel,and its anticorrosive mechanism should be polyaniline's shielding and protective effect on the anode (passive role).
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 233-236 [
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Experimental Study on Purification of Seawater by Carboxymethyl Chitosan
KOU Xi-yuan,ZHANG Yu-shan,WANG Jing,ZHANG Xiu-zhi,ZHANG Ai-jun
The effect of carboxymethyl chitosan on the purification of seawater from Tanggu was studied. The optimum dose,pH value and stirring conditions on the flocculation performance were ascertained. The results indicate that the optimum flocculation performance is achieved at dosage 25—30 mg /L and pH between 5—7; the highest turbidity,CODMn and TP removal efficiency are 72. 6% ,53. 9% and 40. 0% ,respectively. The flocculation performance of carboxymethyl chitosan is compared with that of chitosan in the research. The results indicate that the flocculation effect of carboxymethyl chitosan is much better than that of chitosan,turbidity and CODMn removal efficiency are higher,and the optimum flocculation range of dosage is wider.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 237-240 [
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241
Research on Shale Oil as Raw Material of FCC
ZHOU Chuan-zhi,LI Dong-sheng,LIU Jie
In order to meet the feed requirements for FCC,shale oil was treated by oxidation and compl- exation,to extrude the basic nitrogen components and to reduce the total nitrogen content of shale oil. TYPE ZD-2 automatic potentiometer titrator and REN-1000B chemiluminescence determination of nitrogen instrument were used to in the single-factor experiments and orthogonal tests. The optimum operation conditions were obtained: the reaction temperature is 70 ℃ ,reaction time is 20 min,ratio between oxidant reagent and oil is 0. 068∶ 1. The results showed that,with a simple experimental method and a small amount of reagent,the total nitrogen content of shale oil could be reduced to 3 925. 29 μg /g,which can meet the requirement of FCC feed,but the loss of oil after pretreatment of raw materials has not yet reached the ideal state.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 241-246 [
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2010 Vol. 27 (3): 246-246 [
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Simulation and Improvement of the Scrubbing Process for the Recovery of Low-Concentration CO_2
LI Qing-ling,LI Tai-xing,LIU Bing-cheng,LI Ting-ting
The existing process of the recovery of low-concentration CO2 in flue gas using MEA scrubbing consumes substantial amount of energy. In this paper,an energy saving technology of CO2 desorption process was proposed. The process was improved by adding a cycling stream in the absorber. Desorption effect in different process before and after improvement in the operating conditions of different reboiler's thermal loads were simulated by commercial software Pro /Ⅱ. The simulation results of two different process were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the process after optimization could increase the desorption rate of CO2 in lower reboiler's thermal load,save the high pressure steam and reduce energy consumption of the process obviously.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 247-252 [
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Gas Phase Pressure Drop Characteristics in Rotating Packed Bed with Triangular Spiral Packing
WANG Yan-jun,RUAN Qi,SU Ning-zi,YAN Zuo-yi
In order to understand the impact factors and its laws in rotating packed bed with triangular spiral packing,the gas phase pressure drop characteristics was investigated using air-water system. The gas phase pressure drop was measured under different gas flux,liquid flux and rotating speed. The exper- imental data show that both the dry and wet bed pressure drops in rotating packed bed increase with increasing gas flux and increasing rotating speed. But with increasing of liquid flux,the wet bed pressure drop decreases firstly and then keeps stable. The rotating packed bed has the merit of small pressure drop and big operational flexibility. The gas phase pressure drop was divided into four parts,namely local pressure drop,centrifugal force pressure drop,outside and inside cavities vortex pressure drop and pad- ding friction pressure drop. Among them,vortex theory was utilizied to describe outside and inside cavi- ties vortex pressure drop,and the description for the padding friction pressure drop are new methods. The mathematial model reflects the laws of gas pressure drop well.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 253-258 [
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Purification,Property and Application of Carbon Nanotube
WANG Qian-qian1,YAN Hong-xia1,LI Peng-bo1,LEI Ping-sen2
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being noticed more and more by scientists because of their unique structure,properties and prospects of application. However,as prepared CNTs are usually accom-panied with carbonaceous and metallic impurity which influence some of these properties and restrict cor- responding applications,purification of CNTs is essential. In this paper,comprehensive purification methods,which are based on analyzing the characteristics of physical-based purification and chemical oxidation method,are summarized in detail. The mechanical,field emission,electromagnetic properties of CNTs and progress in the relevant fields are also introduced.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 259-265 [
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A Brief State-of-the-Art Overview of Various Modified Surfaces to Mitigate Deposition of Different Foulants
LIU Ming-yan1,2,MALAYERI M. Reza3
This paper presents a brief literature survey on antifouling performance of various modified surfaces for different fouling processes. Modification techniques include sputtering,ion implantation,vacuum evaporation,chemical vapor deposition,autocatalytic,electroless coating,sol-gel,liquid phase deposition,low voltage electron beam and plasma arc deposition. The fouling processes also include dairy, food,crystallization and biofouling. Advantages and present challenges for industrial applications of various coatings are briefly discussed and future fields of research are also identified.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 266-270 [
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Progress in Clean Synthesis of Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate
SUN Da-lei1,XIE Shun-ji2,DENG Jian-ru2,CHAO Zi-sheng2
The current clean synthesis processes and the main research direction on synthesis of hexameth- ylene-1,6-diisocyanate(HDI) are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis processes are compared. The method of methoxycarbonylation of 1,6-hexanediamine with dimethylcarbonate to synthesize dimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate is presented,then the catalytic decomposition of dimethylhex- ane-1,6-dicarbamate to hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate is introduced emphatically. The prospect of clean synthesis of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate is proposed.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 271-277 [
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Advance in Synthesis and Application of Mesoporous Carbon
LI Jian,WANG Shan,TAN Xiao-yu,YANG Li-na
The synthesis method and application of the mesoporous carbon were reviewed,and the template synthesis methods,including inorganic template method,mesoporous molecular sieves method and organic template method,were introduced in detail. It is suggested that organic template synthesis method is prospective. Mesoporous carbon has many applications,as a catalyst carrier,it should be given adequate attention,and the mesoporous carbon used as hydrogen-storage material and energy-storage material should be focused on in future.
2010 Vol. 27 (3): 278-282 [
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2010 Vol. 27 (3): 282-282 [
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2010 Vol. 27 (3): 283-283 [
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