新型吸收式制冷体系工质对溶液研究进展

摘要吸收式制冷系统是一种低碳/零碳制冷技术,利用低品位热源(如工业余/废热、太阳能热源等)作为其驱动能源,能有效提高能源系统综合利用效率。当前商业吸收式制冷剂体系主要基于水-溴化锂和氨-水体系,水-溴化锂溶液存在腐蚀性强、易结晶和制冷效果差等问题,氨体系有毒性较强、爆炸性以及氨-水制冷设备无法小型化等缺点。新型制冷剂-吸收剂工质对的研发是设计更环保高效的新型吸收式制冷系统的核心。总结了近年来备受关注的新型工质对体系,从吸收剂角度出发,探讨了离子液体、低共熔溶剂、大分子有机溶剂以及其它吸收剂与制冷剂组成的工质对溶液热力学性质的计算和实验研究方法。特别讨论了吸收剂-制冷剂相互作用类型和机制,及其对工质对溶液热力学性质和制冷性能的影响规律。总结研究发现对于新型工质对体系,普遍存在的问题是工质对溶液对制冷剂蒸汽的吸收性能欠佳。通过调控吸收剂化学结构和工质对组成,增强吸收剂-制冷剂相互作用是进一步优化工质对体系的关键途径。该综述为优化、设计工质对溶液体系提供了参考。

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	暴阳正
	李历浪
	钟勇斌
	李红娇
	梁斌

关键词：吸收式制冷热力学性质离子液体低共熔溶剂有机溶剂

Abstract： Absorption refrigeration system is a low-carbon/zero-carbon refrigeration technology, which could be powered by the low-grade heat resources (such as industrial waste heat, solar heat, etc.). Such technology can effectively improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the energy systems. The commercial absorption refrigerant systems are mainly based on the working fluid pairs of H₂O-LiBr and NH₃-H₂O. The solution of H₂O-LiBr has problems of strong corrosion, easy crystallization, unsatisfied refrigeration performance, etc. The NH₃-H₂O system is highly toxic, explosive, and hardly to be miniaturized for the refrigeration equipment. Research and development of new working fluid pairs of refrigerant-absorbent is essential for designing high performance absorption refrigeration systems that are more environmentally friendly. This paper summarized the new working fluid pairs that were explored in recent years and classified them to four types from the perspective of absorbents, i.e., refrigerants with ionic liquids, deep-eutectic solvents, organic solvents and other solvents, respectively. This work described the general theoretical and experimental methods to study the thermodynamic properties of the fluid pair solutions. Especially, the interaction between the absorbent-refrigerant was highlighted and its influence on the thermodynamic properties of the solution as well as coefficient of performance of the refrigerant systems were extensively discussed. Our summary discovered that the common problem for the new working fluid pairs was the unsatisfied performance of the absorption unit, which may demand the assistance of the compressor. For further modification of the working fluid pairs, strengthening the interaction between the absorbent-refrigerant by tuning the chemical structure of the absorbent and the composition of the pair is the key strategy. This review is expected to provide guidance for optimization and design of better absorption refrigerant systems.

Keywords： absorption refrigeration thermodynamic properties ionic liquids deep eutectic solvent organic solvent

Received 2022-11-23;

Corresponding Authors: 李红娇,副研究员,E-mail:hongjiao.li@scu.edu.cn。 Email: hongjiao.li@scu.edu.cn

About author: 暴阳正(1999),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:化工热力学。

引用本文:

暴阳正, 李历浪, 钟勇斌, 李红娇, 梁斌.新型吸收式制冷体系工质对溶液研究进展[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2024,41(2): 65-76

BAO Yangzheng, LI Lilang, ZHONG Yongbin, LI Hongjiao, LIANG Bin.Research progress on the new working fluid pairs of absorption refrigeration systems[J]. Chemcial Industry and Engineering, 2024,41(2): 65-76

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