废旧锂离子电池负极材料再生和利用进展

摘要随着电动汽车市场的蓬勃发展，将产生大量的废旧动力电池。考虑到有害废弃物对环境的污染以及资源的稀缺，废旧锂离子电池的回收具有重要的经济价值和现实意义。近年来正极材料（比如高价值金属钴、镍和锂等）的回收已经取得了可观的进展，但对附加值较低的负极材料（主要是石墨）的再生却鲜有提及。然而，考虑到碳材料的广泛应用，负极中高于环境丰度的锂含量，有关负极材料的回收自2016年来也引起了重视。因此，总结了锂离子电池石墨负极材料回收的研究进展，从能源、环境和资源成本等角度分析了包括直接物理回收、热处理回收、湿法回收、热处理和湿法回收相结合、萃取法和电化学法等各个回收路线的优势和不足；此外，对回收负极材料在储能和制备功能材料领域的再利用做出扼要重述。在此基础上，提出了回收锂离子电池石墨负极的挑战和未来前景，指出负极的回收应从绿色化学的理念出发，设计低能耗、环境友好的回收路线。

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	刘东旭
	蔡牧涯
	陈翔
	谢宏伟
	宁志强
	尹华意

关键词：锂离子电池负极石墨再生再利用

Abstract： The vigorous development of the electric vehicle market produces a large number of spent power batteries. Considering the environmental pollution of hazardous wastes and the scarcity of some resources, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has great economic value and practical significance. In recent years, many efforts have been made in the recovery of cathode materials (such as high-value metal cobalt, nickel, lithium, etc.). Unfortunately, the regeneration of the relatively lower value-added anode materials (mainly graphite) has not gained much attention. However, considering the wide application of carbon-based materials and the higher content of lithium in the anode than that in the environment, the recycling of anode materials has attracted increasing attention since 2016. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest research progress in the recovery of graphite anode materials of spent LIBs, analyzes the strengths and deficiencies of various recovery routes including direct physical recovery, heat treatment recovery, hydrometallurgy recovery, heat treatment-hydrometallurgy recovery, extraction and electrochemical methods from the perspectives of energy, environment and economy; moreover, the reuse of recycled anode materials in the fields of energy storage and preparation of functional materials are also recapitulated. Finally, challenges and future prospects of LIBs anode recycling are proposed, a low energy-consuming and environmentally-benign approach should be explored to enable the green recycling of spent LIBs.

Keywords： lithium-ion batteries anode graphite regeneration reutilization

Received 2021-03-14;

Fund:中央高校基本业务费（2025034，2025035）。

Corresponding Authors: 尹华意,E-mail:yinhy@smm.neu.edu.cn。 Email: yinhy@smm.neu.edu.cn

About author: 刘东旭(1996-),女,硕士研究生,现从事废旧锂离子电池负极回收方面的研究。

引用本文:

刘东旭, 蔡牧涯, 陈翔, 谢宏伟, 宁志强, 尹华意.废旧锂离子电池负极材料再生和利用进展[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2021,38(6): 2-12

Liu Dongxu, Cai Muya, Chen Xiang, Xie Hongwei, Ning Zhiqiang, Yin Huayi.Progress on Regeneration and Reutilization of Anode Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries[J]. Chemcial Industry and Engineering, 2021,38(6): 2-12

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