CO<sub>2</sub>的电驱动还原

摘要 CO₂的过量排放已威胁到了环境与能源的可持续发展，通过化学或生物手段将其转化为化工原料或生物燃料能够有效缓解由CO₂过量排放造成的能源与环境压力。然而CO₂的还原过程是非自发且缓慢的，依赖于外部提供的能量和催化剂。如何实现长效的能量供给并针对性开发高性能的催化剂是CO₂回收转化技术的重点。利用稳定、清洁的电能作为驱动力，在催化剂的协同下将CO₂增值为化学品并实现碳中性循环。这种策略被称为CO₂的电驱动还原，在CO₂转化方面优势显著。从CO₂无机电催化和CO₂微生物电合成2个方面综述了近年来CO₂电驱动还原的研究进展。首先，对比和讨论了CO₂的无机电催化中不同类型的电催化剂的特性，以及优化和改性的手段。其次，总结阐明了微生物电合成中电极与微生物催化剂之间直接和间接的电子传递方式，并重点讨论了不同电子载体（H₂、甲酸、天然和人工的氧化还原电子载体）介导的间接电子传递的相关工作。最后总结展望了CO₂电驱动还原系统的发展。

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	刘丹
	马哲
	刘梦晓
	曹英秀
	宋浩

关键词： CO₂还原电驱动无机电催化微生物电合成

Abstract： Excessive CO₂ emissions have threatened the sustainable development of the environment and energy, converting it into chemical raw materials or biofuels via chemical or biological methods can effectively alleviate the energy and environmental pressure caused by excessive CO₂ emissions. However, the reduction process of CO₂ is non-spontaneous and slow, relying on externally provided energy and catalysts. How to achieve long-term energy supply and develop high-performance catalysts is the core of the development of CO₂ recovery and conversion technology. The strategy of using stable and clean electricity as energy source, with the assistance of high-performance electrocatalysts, to convert CO₂ into chemical products while achieving the carbon neutral cycle, is called electricity-driven CO₂ reduction and it shows significant advantages in CO₂ conversion. In this review, the recent research progress of electricity-driven CO₂ reduction is introduced from two parts:CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction reaction and CO₂ microbial electrosynthesis. Firstly, for CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction reaction, the characteristics of different types of electrocatalysts, as well as optimization and modification methods are compared and discussed. Next, we summarize CO₂ microbial electrosynthesis from the pattern of electron transfer, including direct electron transfer and indirect electron transfer. The related work of indirect electron transfer using different electron mediators (such as H₂, formic acid, Fe²⁺ and NH₃) are extensively discussed. Finally, we illustrate the challenges and problems in the field of electricity-driven CO₂ reduction and discuss potential ways to address these problems.

Keywords： CO₂ reduction electricity-drive CO₂ electrocatalytic reduction reaction microbial electrosynthesis

Received 2021-03-11;

Fund:科技部重点研发计划项目（2018YFA0901300）；天津市青年人才托举工程（TJSQNTJ-2018-16）。

Corresponding Authors: 曹英秀,E-mail:caoyingxiu@tju.edu.cn。 Email: caoyingxiu@tju.edu.cn

About author: 刘丹(1996-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事CO₂微生物电合成的研究。

引用本文:

刘丹, 马哲, 刘梦晓, 曹英秀, 宋浩.CO₂的电驱动还原[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2021,38(5): 1-12

Liu Dan, Ma Zhe, Liu Mengxiao, Cao Yingxiu, Song Hao.Electricity-Driven CO₂ Reduction[J]. Chemcial Industry and Engineering, 2021,38(5): 1-12

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