核酸固相分离方法及其在病原PCR诊断中的应用综述

摘要病原PCR （Polymerase Chain Reaction）诊断具有快速、灵敏、高修改灵活性等优势，在传染病控制、农业病害防治和食品安全等领域发挥着重要作用。核酸分离作为分子诊断技术的关键步骤，影响着PCR诊断的整体效率、检测灵敏度和准确性，是PCR诊断局限于实验室使用的关键制约因素之一。核酸固相分离可以避免传统液相分离中相分离不完全、污染严重、样品需求量高、繁琐等弊端，一直是高通量核酸提取过程研究的热点。通过综述近年来核酸固相分离方法的研究进展，通过总结目前具有核酸结合功能的材料开发及与核酸相互作用的机制，概述磁力分离与非磁力固相分离发展现状及在病原PCR诊断应用中的进展，阐述现有核酸固相分离技术存在的局限性，进而探讨核酸固相分离今后的研究方向。

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	李蒙航
	赵振军
	李佩佩

关键词：固相分离；核酸提取；磁力分离； PCR诊断

Abstract： Pathogen PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) diagnosis has the advantages of rapidity, sensitivity, and high modification flexibility, and plays an important role in the field of disease control and food safety. As a key step in molecular diagnostic technology, nucleic acid extraction affects the overall efficiency, detection sensitivity and accuracy of PCR diagnosis. It is one of the key constraints for PCR diagnosis limited to laboratory use. Nucleic acid solid phase separation can avoid the disadvantages of incomplete phase separation, serious pollution, high sample demand and cumbersomeness in conventional liquid phase separation, and has always been concerned in the research of high-throughput nucleic acid extraction. This article reviews the research progress of nucleic acid solid phase extraction methods in recent years. Firstly, we review the current development of functional materials that can bind nucleic acid, the interaction mechanism of functional materials with nucleic acids, the development of magnetic separation and non-magnetic solid phase separation, and the applications of solid phase extraction in pathogenic PCR diagnosis. Then, the limitations of current nucleic acid solid phase extraction technologies, and possible promising research for further development of nucleic acid solid phase separation will be discussed.

Keywords： solid phase extraction； nucleic acid extraction； magnetic separation； PCR diagnosis

Received 2020-05-07;

Fund:大连市高层次人才创新支持计划项目（2018RQ59）；辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金项目（20180013）；辽宁省自然基金指导计划（2019-ZD-0388）。

Corresponding Authors: 李佩佩,E-mail:ppttkx@163.com。 Email: ppttkx@163.com

About author: 李蒙航(1995-),女,硕士研究生,现从事生物分子分离过程方面的研究。

引用本文:

李蒙航, 赵振军, 李佩佩.核酸固相分离方法及其在病原PCR诊断中的应用综述[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2021,38(1): 86-95

Li Menghang, Zhao Zhenjun, Li Peipei.A Review: Solid Phase Separation of Nucleic Acids and Its Application in PCR Diagnosis of Pathogens[J]. Chemcial Industry and Engineering, 2021,38(1): 86-95

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